兰州地区震台大震速报震级（Ms）的研究

选用了兰州地震台大震速报仪器ＤＫ－１中长周期记录仪记录到的１９９０年１月～１９９９年３月的大震速报地震共５４４个,与中国地震局分析预报中心编纂的《中国地震速报台网观测报告》给出的震级比较,对兰州地震台ＤＫ－１地震仪测定的面波震级（Ｍｓ）进行了对比和分析研究。结果认为兰州地震台大震速报ＤＫ－１地震仪测定的面波震级（Ｍｓ）偏差与震中距离、城中区域及地震大小有关。给出了不同震中距离、不同震级范围及不同地     

全球大震和中国及邻区中强震地震活动(2011年9-10月)

本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6.0的事件、"月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出.本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC);为了方便中国读者,也给出北京时(BTC).震中位置除给出经纬度外,还给出参考地区名,它仅用作查阅参考,不包含任何政治意义;还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD).面波震级Ms是对中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录,采用北京台1965年面波震级公式Ms=lg(AH/T)+1.66 lg(△) +3.5(1°＜△＜130°)求得.AH是两水平分向最大面波位移的矢量合成位移.Ms7是对763长周期地震仪记录,采用国际上推荐的面波震级公式Ms7 =lg(Av/T)+1.66 lg(△)+3.3(20°＜△＜160°)求得.Av是垂直向面波最大地动位移.mb是短周期体波震级,ML是近震震级.为避免混乱,震级之间一律不换算.为方便读者,还给出美国NEIC定出的面波震级Msz和短周期体波震级mb.     

全球大震和中国及邻区中强震地震活动(2012年3-4月)

本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6.0的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出. 本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC);为了方便中国读者,也给出北京时(BTC).震中位置除给出经纬度外,还给出参考地区名,它仅用作查阅参考,不包含任何政治意义;还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD). 面波震级Ms是对中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录,采用北京台1965年面波震级公式Ms=lg(AH/T)+1.66lg(△)+3.5(1°＜△＜130°)求得.AH是两水平分向最大面波位移的矢量合成位移.Ms7是对763长周期地震仪记录,采用国际上推荐的面波震级公式M7=lg(Av/T)+1.66lg(△)+3.3(20°＜△＜160°)求得.Av是垂直向面波最大地动位移.mb是短周期体波震级,ML是近震震级.为避免混乱,震级之间一律不换算.为方便读者,还给出美国NEIC定出的面波震级Msz和短周期体波震级mb.     

内蒙古测震台网震级对比研究

利用内蒙古测震台网2010~2015年4级以上地震事件的数字化波形记录,按照新震级标度规范重新测定地方性震级(ML)、面波震级(Ms)、宽频带面波震级(Ms(BB)),对其测定结果与中国地震台网中心测定结果进行对比分析,结果表明,3种不同震级的测定结果与中国地震台网中心测定结果基本一致,能真实反应地震的大小,可以适用于地震速报等工作中。     

大连地震台数字化面波震级M的研究

选用了大连地震台CTS-1甚宽频带数字仪记录到的全球2002年至2005年M≥4.7地震共1 471次.把中国地震局地球物理研究所编纂的<中国数字地震台网观测报告>给出的震级,与大连地震台所测定的仿真SK和763的面波震级Ms和Ms7进行了对比分析,得出了不同震级区间和震中距区间的面波震级台基校正值,供实际工作中参考使用,以提高地震速报的精度.     

全球大地震及中国中强地震目录 (200O年10～12月)

应广大读者要求,我们定期公布全球7级以上大地震和中国4级以上中强地震目录.地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的<中国地震速报台网观测报告>和<中国地震月报目录.其中:发震时间为北京时(BJT);震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名,以供查阅时参考;震源深度33N表示该地震为通常意义上的浅源地震;震级Ms为面波震级,ML为近震震级,Mw为矩震级(取自美国PDE报告).     

全球大地震及中国4级以上地震目录(2004年4～6月)

应广大读要求,我们定期公布全球7级以上大地震和中国4级以上地震目录。地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的“中国地震速报台网观测报告”和“中国地震月报目录”。其中：发震时间为北京时(BJT);震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名,以供查阅时参考;震级Ms为面波震级、ML为近震震级、Mw为矩震级(取自美国PDE报告)。     

DK1地震仪的面波震级起算函数研究di

使用1987～1993年DK1地震仪的地震记录，以国际地震中心(ISC)MS震级为标准震级，根据误差理论用最小二乘法拟合导出DK1地震仪面波震级起算函数．又从起算函数物理意义出发，根据成层介质中面波传播理论，考虑到地震波的频散、介质的吸收、地球介质与DK1地震仪所组成的线性滤波器对面波振幅和周期的影响，并假定面波最大振幅对应于Airy相，导出了DK1地震仪测定面波震级的起算函数． 使用本文导出的起算函数，不附加任何校正值．通过315个地震，对36个速报台的单台DK1面波震级和DK1速报台网的面波震级测定误差检验，结果表明，DK1面波震级MS(DK1)与国际地震中心(ISC)相应地震面波震级MS(ISC)之间在统计上无系统误差，平均误差接近于零．      

利用地震振动持续时间测定震级

较大地震发生时,一些台站的记录振幅出格(亦称限幅),测定震级就很困难。本文使用了广州地震台四年来记录的台湾Ms≥4.0级的72次地震,通过用地震振动持续时间的方法,求得测定台湾地震震级(M_D)的公式。该方法有助于台站在记录波“限幅”或S波到时难于判定的特定条件下迅速测定震级,从而提高大震速报的质量。     

全球大震和中国及邻区中强震地震活动(2014年9—10月)

<正>本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6.0的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出.本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC);为了方便中国读者,也给出北京时(BTC).震中位置除给出经纬度外,还给出参考地区名,它仅用作查阅参考,不包含任何政治意义;还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD).面波震级Ms是用中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录,采用北京台1965年面波震级公式Ms=lg(A_H/T)+     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.     

Discussion on the Precise Relocation and Seismo-Tectonics of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake

Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.     

Hydrochemical and bacteriological features of the groundwater: southern border of the Rharb basin (Morocco) / Caractérisation hydrochimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines: bordure méridionale du bassin du Rharb (Maroc)

Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, SO₄ ^2?, HCO₃ ^?, NO₃ ^?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.     

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.