青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚更新世活动特征

三危山断裂位于青藏高原北缘,属于阿尔金断裂带向NW扩展的分支断裂,其最新的构造活动反映了青藏高原北部地区的构造演化及地震活动特征。文中通过遥感影像解译、野外实地调查和地质填图,对该断裂晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究。结果表明,三危山断裂发育于三危山西北麓,长约175km,断裂以左旋走滑为主,兼有逆断层性质,局部表现出正断层特征。其构造活动的地貌表现形式主要有:基岩陡坎、断层沟槽以及山包、冲沟左旋等。古地震探槽开挖揭示三危山断裂主要断错晚更新世地层,在距今(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9)ka有过1次古地震活动,为1条晚更新世活动断裂。     

怀安盆地北缘断裂构造几何与活动特征

结合前人调查和研究资料,综合运用地形地貌分析、地质调查、遥感解译等方法,详细分析了怀安盆地北缘断裂的构造地貌特征,较为系统地研究了断裂带的几何结构、构造变形及活动特征。怀安盆地北缘断裂控制着怀安盆地附近的第四纪构造演化和地貌发育,根据断裂展布和活动性可分为3段,即东段(洗马林—东洋河)、中段(东洋河—马市口)和西段(马市口—韩家营)。怀安盆地北缘断裂为典型的山、盆构造界线,沿线断裂活动特征明显,断面上留有断层活动的痕迹——镜面构造、擦痕;不同段落具有不同的活动特征,东段活动性最强,中段次之,西段最弱。     

海原断裂带中东段地貌差异及其成因探讨

以定量化地形因子为切入点的构造地貌学方法已成为活动构造研究的有效手段,被广泛用于定性或半定量解析地貌对新构造运动的响应及其演化过程。针对海原断裂带中东段现今地貌差异,以SRTM 90m分辨率DEM为基础,利用ArcGIS软件和Matlab程序脚本,提取了海原断裂带中东段高程、坡度、地形起伏、地形侵蚀以及河流陡峭系数等地形因子。从空间分布上看,上述各项地形因子沿断裂走向均呈现 “西高东低”的整体分布特征。西段海拔高、坡度陡、起伏大、侵蚀强、抬升快,中段和东段海拔低、坡度缓、起伏小、侵蚀弱、抬升慢,此外,在断裂带的东南尾端呈略微增加趋势,达到小范围内的峰值。在此基础上,通过对比分析地形因子与年降水量、基岩岩性,初步探讨了构造与降水、岩性等因素对地形地貌的控制作用,认为不同降水条件对地貌后期改造起显著作用,基岩岩性与现今地貌之间并无显著关系,该区域地貌类型主要受构造抬升差异所控制。沿断裂带走向上的现今地貌差异表明,西段处于相对快速的构造隆升和强挤压造山构造背景,中段由于受到黄河下切及河流冲积作用影响,地貌参数记录的抬升特征并不显著,而东段则反映出大型断裂带尾端挤压调整效应。     

华山山前断裂断错地貌及晚第四纪活动性

基于华山山前断裂1︰5万活动断层填图成果,对断裂沿线地层地貌、断层三角面、河流阶地、陡坎地貌以及典型断错剖面等进行了详细的研究。研究表明:1)华山山前断裂按几何结构、断错地貌表现分西段(蓝田—华县段)、中段(华县—华阴段)及东段(华阴—灵宝段)3段;2)西段及东段断裂错断了T_2阶地及马兰黄土,T_1阶地跨断裂连续,测年结果表明,T_2阶地形成于晚更新世中期,T_1阶地形成于全新世早期,由此得出西段及东段断裂在晚更新世有过活动,全新世以来活动弱或不活动;3)中段断错地貌显著,河谷两侧发育Ⅲ级阶地,跨断裂阶地均被错断,测年结果表明:T_1阶地形成于2~3kaBP,T_2阶地形成于6~7kaBP,T_3阶地形成于60~70kaBP,结合阶地陡坎高度,得出不同时段的平均垂直滑动速率:T_3—T_2时期0.4mm/a;T_2—T_1时期1.1mm/a;T_1以来1.6mm/a;4)中段在晚更新世晚期以来发生过多次活动,在石堤峪、沟峪等地见漫滩陡坎,结合文化层及炭样年龄,可知漫滩形成于距今400~600a,对比历史地震资料,漫滩陡坎应为华县1556年地震的遗迹;5)结合前人研究认为,公元1556年华县81/2级地震的发震构造为华山山前断裂及渭南塬前断裂,其它断裂是否参与有待进一步研究。     

三危山断裂敦煌段古地震活动特征

三危山断裂位于青藏高原北缘NW向扩展的前缘位置,其最新地震活动反映了高原北部地区的构造变形特征.文中通过遥感影像解译、野外实地调查、古地震探槽及光释光年代样品测试,对三危山断裂敦煌段的古地震活动特征开展了研究.结果表明,断裂晚更新世以来发生过2次古地震事件,事件E1发生的年代约为距今(35.1±3.7)～(36.7±4.1)ka;事件E2发生的年代约为距今(76.5±8.8)～(76.7±8.3)ka.三危山断裂晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率为(0.03±0.01)mm/a,相应的缩短速率为(0.09±0.01)mm/a.综合前人的研究结果,认为三危山断裂的地震活动具有分段性特征,中段、东段可能具有独立破裂的能力,也存在与敦煌段发生级联破裂的特征,复发间隔约为40ka,根据经验公式估算三危山断裂可能发生的震级范围为MW7.1～7.5.     

东昆仑断裂带东段塔藏断裂几何结构及滑动递减模型讨论

塔藏断裂位于东昆仑断裂带东段, 长约170 km, 与岷山断裂带共同构成巴颜喀拉块体的东北构造边界, 中部与岷江断裂、 荷叶断裂、 虎牙断裂的北延段交会, 构成岷山隆起的地貌边界。 通过卫星影像解译结合构造地貌调查, 确定了断层属于全新世活动断层, 并利用断层走向弯曲和活动性、 阶区等标志将塔藏断裂分为三段。 西段为罗叉段, 总体走向NWW, 西侧与玛曲断裂形成左行左阶拉分区, 东侧在下黄寨村走向顺时针偏转至东北村段。 中段为东北村段, 总体走向NW, 东侧在九寨沟口附近走向逆时针偏转至马家磨段。 东段为马家磨段, 总体走向NWW, 西侧隔荷叶断裂、 虎牙断裂的北延段与中段相接。 东北村段以岷江断裂斜交点为界可分为南北两个次级段, 马家磨段以阶区为界划分为扎如次段、 唐寨次段、 勿角次段。 罗叉段和马家磨段的地震离逝时间较近, 东北村段相对较远。 断裂带整体呈反“S”形, 自西向东滑动速率总体呈减小趋势, 大部分水平变形转化为垂向的岷山隆升。 结合不同段上的滑动速率, 发现东昆仑断裂东段滑动速率呈梯度下降特征与东昆仑断裂带东段断层弯曲的几何特征相对应。     

六棱山北麓断裂新活动特征

通过对六棱山北麓活动断裂的几何结构、分段活动特征及段落边界等方面的地质地貌调查与研究，认为该活动断裂可分为４段，除东段在早更新世有过活动外，其他３段均为晚更新世晚期～全新世活动段，段落长度１０～３９ｋｍ。该断裂在晚中生代表现为逆冲性质，至新生代随区域构造应力场的变化而转变为倾滑正断层。各段落上垂直位移量分布呈包络线状，而且各段平均滑动速率不同，西大东小，显示断裂新活动强度自西向东变弱     

东昆仑断裂带东段分支断裂——阿万仓断裂晚第四纪构造活动特征

文中从几何结构特征、断裂长期滑动速率和古地震复发特征3个方面对阿万仓断裂进行了研究。详细的遥感解译和野外调查结果表明:1)阿万仓断裂作为东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲段)的分支断裂,和东昆仑断裂一样也是1条全新世活动断裂,性质为左旋走滑兼逆断,总长约200km。西北段由2条总体走向310°,相距约16km近平行的次级断层组成,向SE方向合为1条断裂。2)在阿万仓断裂上发现大约15km长的古地震地表破裂带,表现为断层陡坎、断塞塘、地裂缝、断层沟槽等典型断错微地貌现象。3)经航、卫片解译,野外现场调查,断错地貌测量和样品测试,得到该断裂晚第四纪以来的平均左旋水平滑动速率为3mm/a,垂直滑动速率约0.07mm/a。4)通过对断错最新地貌面的测年和探槽剖面分析,认为阿万仓断裂带存在4次古地震事件,属原地复发型,最新1次事件是在(850±30)a BP以后发生的。5)阿万仓断裂左旋滑动速率与东昆仑断裂带玛沁—玛曲段递减的滑动速率量值相当,它的存在和发现可以很好地解释东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲段)滑动速率递减的特征。东昆仑活动断裂带中东段滑动速率逐渐递减,与东昆仑活动断裂带中东段帚状散开的几何结构有关,其中的阿万仓断裂是东昆仑断裂带东延过程中的重要分支断裂,吸收了东昆仑断裂带东延的应变分配。     

灵丘盆地主要活动断裂和1626灵丘地震发震构造

灵丘盆地位于山西地堑系的东北部,曾于1626年发生7级地震.文中通过解译SPOT5影像、分析SRTM3数据和野外调查,对该盆地进行宏观的构造地貌分析和对比,结合探槽以及地质剖面确定主要活动断层的几何分布和最新活动特征,进而探讨灵丘地震的发震构造.结果显示:太白维山山前断裂大部分段落最新活动时代限于晚更新世晚期.NE向的水涧-落水河断裂灵丘县城以西段造成同级地貌面高差约6m,其中最新活动在地表残留高约1m的断层陡坎,县城及以东段无明显地貌表现;NW向的华山河断裂具有枢纽断层特征,在盆地北部断裂向西倾并造成华山河Ⅰ级阶地两侧约10m的高差,在盆地南部断裂向东倾,剖面和相关地貌揭示该断裂在南段为一条高角度的活动正走滑断裂;据此认为,1626年灵丘地震为水涧-落水河断裂西段和NW向的华山河断裂共轭作用的结果.     

祁连山北缘玉门-北大河断裂晚第四纪活动特征

通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查并结合前人研究成果,对位于祁连山北缘的玉门—北大河断裂晚第四纪构造活动特征进行研究。结果表明,玉门—北大河断裂为一条全新世活动的逆冲断裂,该断裂西起玉门青草湾,向东经老玉门市、大红泉止于骨头泉,全长约80km,整体走向NWW。根据断裂的几何结构及活动习性可将其分为三段:东段构造形态简单连续,为逆冲断层陡坎为主的古地震地表破裂带;中段结构复杂,由多条次级断层组成,以逆冲扩展为主;西段未出露地表而成为盲断裂-褶皱带。通过对断层陡坎差分GPS测量及相应地貌面年代测试,得到断裂晚更新世以来逆冲速率约为(0.73±0.09)mm/a。     

滇中汤郎-易门断裂构造活动的地貌特征

汤郎-易门断裂位于青藏高原东南缘,走向近南北,按地貌特征及区域构造背景可将其划分为北段（营盘村-插甸断裂）、中段（插甸-碧城断裂）及南段（碧城-易门断裂）。针对汤郎-易门断裂构造地貌差异,利用30 m分辨率的DEM数据,基于GIS技术提取与断裂活动相关的水系,并计算其陡峭指数,结合野外考察及遥感影像讨论断裂在不同分段的活动习性与地貌特征。研究发现,区域内降水及基岩抗风化能力对亚流域陡峭指数的影响较小,认为陡峭指数能够较好地反映汤郎-易门断裂的垂直构造运动。陡峭指数显示,断裂走向呈两端高、中间低的特点,其分段性与前人划分结果具有较好一致性,所表征的基岩垂直活动性差异可作为断裂带活动分段的依据。断裂带东西侧陡峭指数在不同分段上表现出差异性,北段断裂东西侧陡峭指数显示出东、西向差异性抬升不显著,其与地貌上断裂北段表现的左旋走滑运动一致,以水平运动为主;断裂中段及南段陡峭指数在东西侧表现出东高西低的特点,显示东侧较西侧基岩抬升更快,可能以垂直差异运动为主。     

龙门山中北段流域地貌特征及其构造意义

龙门山中北段位于青藏高原东缘，该区作为高原向东扩展的前缘部位，其地形与河流水系的演化记录了高原隆升与挤压扩展及其气候环境效应的各种信息。龙门山中北段构造活动有明显差异，从中段逆冲为主转化为北段的走滑为主，本文采用定量化地貌参数从构造地貌的角度揭示了区域构造活动的差异。龙门山中北段地貌因子（坡度、地形起伏度和条带状剖面）的阶梯状分布特点，显示了高原扩展的逆冲推覆特征，在中央断裂处构造抬升作用最强，同时显示出了南北向构造活动减弱的趋势，由中段的逆冲转换为北段逆冲兼走滑的形式。北川-映秀断裂两侧流域的HI值也显示了断裂上盘高、下盘低、沿走向减弱的趋势。综合分析认为，本区构造活动是地貌演化的主控因素，龙门山中北段地形存在差异，北川-映秀断裂两侧的小流域地貌指数分析显示，构造抬升活动自南向北减弱，中段以逆冲为主，北段为逆冲兼走滑。     

盘谷寺-新乡断裂第四纪活动性分段特征

盘谷寺-新乡断裂以柏山、高村为界,分为西、中、东3段,根据物探剖面、地质标准孔和地层剖面出露特征,各段活动性具有明显差异。其中西段最新活动时代为中更新世,具有向盆地迁移发育的特征;中段最新活动时代为晚更新世早期;东段活动性稍复杂,经历了正断-逆冲-正断的运动过程演变,其最新活动时代为晚更新世早期,且活动强度向两端减弱。高村所处的武陟隆起区推测为盘谷寺-新乡断裂中、东段的挤压阶区,断层位移在此处有亏损和衰减。     

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE SANWEISHAN FAULT AND ITS MECHANISM: CONSTRAINTS ON THE GROWTH OF THE NORTHERN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

The northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is currently the leading edge of uplift and expansion of the plateau. Over the years, a lot of research has been carried out on the deformation and evolution of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and many ideas have been put forward, but there are also many disputes. The Altyn Tagh Fault constitutes the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and there are two active faults on the north side of the Altyn Tagh Fault, named Sanweishan Fault with NEE strike and Nanjieshan Fault with EW strike. Especially, studies on the geometric and kinematic parameters of Sanweishan Fault since the Late Quaternary, which is nearly parallel with the Altyn Tagn Fault, are of great significance for understanding the deformation transfer and distribution in the northwestward extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, interpretation of the fault landforms and statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement on the Sanweishan Fault and its newly discovered western extension are carried out in this paper. We believe that the Sanweishan Fault is an important branch of the eastern section of the Altyn Tagh fault zone. It is located at the front edge of the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a left-lateral strike-slip and thrust active fault. Based on the interpretation of satellite imagery and microgeomorphology field investigation of Sanweishan main fault and its western segments, it's been found that the Sanweishan main fault constitutes the contact boundary between the Sanweishan Mountain and the alluvial fans. In the bedrock interior and on the north side of the Mogao Grottoes, there are also some branch faults distributed nearly parallel to the main fault. The main fault is about 150km long, striking 65°, mainly dipping SE with dip angles from 50° to 70°. The main fault can be divided into three segments in the spatial geometric distribution:the western segment(Xizhuigou-Dongshuigou, I), which is about 35km long, the middle segment(Dongshuigou-Shigongkouzi, Ⅱ), about 65km long, and the east segment(Shigongkouzi-Shuangta, Ⅲ), about 50km long. The above three segments are arranged in the left or right stepovers. In the west of Mingshashan, it's been found that the fault scarps are distributed near Danghe Reservoir and Yangguan Town in the west of Minshashan Mountain, and we thought those scarps are the westward extension of the main Sanweishan Fault. Along the main fault and its western extension, the different levels of water system(including gullies and rills)and ridges have been offset synchronously, forming a series of fault micro-geomorphology. The scale of the offset water system is proportional to the horizontal displacement. The frequency statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement shows that the displacement has obvious grouping characteristics, which are divided into 6 groups, and the corresponding peaks are 3.4m, 6.7m, 11.4m, 15m, 22m and 26m, respectively. Among them, 3.4m represents the coseismic displacement of the latest ancient earthquake event, and the larger displacement peak represents the accumulation of coseismic displacements of multi-paleoearthquake events. This kind of displacement characterized by approximately equal interval increase indicates that the Sanweishan Fault has experienced multiple characteristic earthquakes since the Late Quaternary and has the possibility of occurrence of earthquakes greater than magnitude 7. The distribution of displacement and structural transformation of the end of the fault indicate that Sanweishan Fault is an "Altyn Tagh Fault"in its infancy. The activities of Sanweishan Fault and its accompanying mountain uplift are the result of the transpression of the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, representing one of the growth patterns of the northern margin of the plateau.     

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE HEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN WESTERN QILIAN SHAN-HEXI CORRIDOR AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

Using quantitative geomorphic factors for regional active tectonic evolution is becoming more and more popular. Qilian Mountains-Hexi Corridor which locates in the northern edge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most leading edge of the plateau's northward extension. The uplift rate of all segments and the intensity of influence from tectonic activity are the important evidences to understand the uplift and extension of the plateau. Heihe River Basin is located at the northern piedmont of the western segment of Qilian Mountains, the development of the rivers is influenced by the tectonic activity of the Qilian Mountains, and the unique river morphology is important carriers of the regional tectonic uplift. Geomorphologic indexes such as hypsometric integral, geomorphologic comentropy and river longitudinal profiles were extracted by GIS tools with free access to the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEMs, and according to the different expression of the geomorphological indexes in the Heihe River Basin, we divided the drainage basin into two parts and further compared them to each other. Recent studies reveal that obvious differences exist in the landscape factors(hypsometric integral, geomorphology entropy and river profiles)in the east and west part of the Heihe Basin. The structural intensity of the west part is stronger than that of the east, for example, in areas above the main planation surface on the western part, the average HI value is 0.337 8, and on the eastern part the HI value is 0.355. Accordingly, areas under the main planation surface are just on the contrary, indicating different structural strength on both sides. Similar phenomenon exists in the whole drainage basins. Furthermore, by comparing the fitting river profiles with the real river profiles, differential uplift is derived, which indicates a difference between west and east(with 754m on the western part and 219m on the east). Comprehensive comparison and analysis show that the lithologic factors and precipitation conditions are less influencing on the geomorphic factors of the study area, and the tectonic activities, indicated by field investigation and GPS inversion, are the most important element for geomorphic evolution and development. The variation of the geomorphologic indexes indicates different tectonic strength derived from regional structures of the Qilian Shan.     

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAQINGSHAN DRAINAGE AREA IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF HETAO BASIN

The Daqingshan Fault located in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin has experienced intensive activity since late Quaternary, which is of great significance to the molding of the present geomorphology. Since basin geomorphological factors can be used to reflect regional geomorphological type and development characteristics, the use of typical geomorphology characteristics indexes may reveal the main factors that control the formation of topography. In recent years, more successful research experience has been accumulated by using hypsometric integral(HI) values and channel steepness index(k_sn)to quantitatively obtain geomorphic parameters to reveal regional tectonic uplift information. The rate of bedrock uplifting can be reflected by channel steepness index, the region with steep gradient has high rate of bedrock uplifting, while the region with slower slope has low rate of bedrock uplifting. The tectonic uplift can shape the geomorphic characteristics by changing the elevation fluctuation of mountains in study area, and then affect the hypsometric integral values distribution trend, thus, the HI value can be used to reflect the intensity of regional tectonic activity, with obvious indicating effect. Knick point can be formed by fault activity, and the information of knick point and its continuous migration to upstream can be recorded along the longitudinal profile of stream. Therefore, it is possible and feasible to obtain the information of tectonic activity from the geomorphic characteristics of Daqinshan area. The research on the quantitative analysis of regional large-scale tectonic activities in the Daqingshan area of the Yellow River in the Hetao Basin is still deficient so far. Taking this area as an example, based on the method of hypsometric integral(HI) and channel steepness index(k_sn), we use the DEM data with 30m resolution and GIS spatial analysis technology to extract the networks of drainage system and seven sub-basins. Then, we calculate the hypsometric integral(HI) values of each sub-basin and fit its spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we obtain the values of channel steepness index and its fitting spatial distribution characteristics based on the improved Chi-plot bedrock analysis method. Combining the extraction results of geomorphic parameters with the characteristics of fault activity, we attempt to explore the characteristics of drainage system development and the response of stream profile and geomorphology to tectonic activities in the Daqingshan section of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the values of the hypsometric integral in the Daqingshan drainage area are medium, between 0.5~0.6, and the Strahler curve of each tributary is S-shaped, suggesting that the geomorphological development of the Daqingshan area is in its prime, and the tectonic activity and erosion is strong. Continuous low HI value is found in the tectonic subsidence area on the hanging wall of the Daqingshan Fault. The distribution characteristics of the HI value reveal that the Daqingshan Fault controls the geomorphic difference between basin and mountain. Longitudinal profiles of the river reveal the existence of many knick points. The steepness index of river distributes in high value along the trend of mountain which lies in the tectonic uplift area on the footwall of the Daqingshan Fault. It reflects that the bedrock uplift rate of Daqingshan area is faster. The distribution characteristics of the channel steepness index show that the uplift amplitude of Daqingshan area is strong and the bedrock is rapidly uplifted, which is significantly different from the subsidence amplitude in the depression basin at the south margin of the fault, indicating that the main power source controlling the basin mountain differential movement comes from Daqingshan Fault. Based on the comparison and analysis on tectonic, lithology and climate, there is no obvious corresponding relationship between the difference of rock erosion resistance and the change of geomorphic parameters, and the precipitation has little effect on the geomorphic transformation of Daqingshan area, and its contribution to the geomorphic development is limited. Thus, we think the lithology and rainfall conditions have limited impact on the hypsometric integral, longitudinal profiles of the river and channel steepness index. Lithology maybe has some influences on the channel knick points, while tectonic activity of piedmont faults is the main controlling factor that causes the unbalanced characteristics of the longitudinal profile of the channel and plays a crucial role in the development of the channel knick points. So, tectonic activity of the Daqingshan Fault is the main factor controlling the uplift and geomorphic evolution of the Daqingshan area.     

地貌参数指示的临潭-宕昌断裂带最新构造隆升差异与地震活动

2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震发生在青藏高原东北缘的临潭-宕昌断裂带上。为了研究该断裂的最新构造隆升的差异性,基于ASTER GDEM数字高程模型数据提取了流域盆地及水系,并以此为基础,计算了面积高程积分及河道坡度指数。2个地貌参数的分析结果表明,临潭-宕昌断裂不同部位的最新隆升呈现不均匀性。其中,断裂的最新逆冲活动在临潭以西及以岷县附近明显强于其他各段。上述地貌参数所指示的断裂抬升强度还与历史及现今地震发震位置较好地匹配,体现了定量化地貌分析对断裂活动强弱的指示作用。临潭-宕昌断裂受区域NE-SW向挤压构造应力作用影响,其活动的差异可能与晚第四纪以来巴颜喀拉块体NE向扩展背景下的局部应力集中有关。     

THE RESPONSE OF FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUJIANG DRAINGE BASIN TO ACTIVITY OF THE HUYA FAULT ZONE

The Huya Fault, located in the steep topographic boundary of the Minshan Mountains in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, has documented many major earthquakes such as the 1630(M=6 3/4), 1973 Huanglong(M_S=6.5) and the 1976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm(M_S=7.2, 6.7, 7.2). While its activity remains unclear because of lacking Quaternary sediments. In the past few decades, there have been significant advances in understanding the relationship between bedrock channel landscapes and active tectonics, indicating that the bedrock fluvial features can well record the tectonic activity. Many studies reveal that tectonism is the primary factor of landscape evolution in tectonically active regions, and the erosional landscapes can be used to reveal tectonic signals on timescales of 10³~10⁶ years. The Huya Fault crosses the Fujiang drainage basin, making it suitable for the study of bedrock rivers and tectonic uplift in the eastern margin of Minshan. In this study, we calculate the geomorphologic indeices(hillslope, local relief, normalized steepness indices and hypsometric integral) on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM) SRTM-1. For better understanding the tectonic activity along this fault, we derive some small catchments on the two sides of the Huya fault to analyze the differences of average steepness indices and hypsometric integral. Combining with field observations, lithology, precipitation and modern erosion rates, this study suggests that tectonic activity is the controlling factor of geomorphology in the eastern margin of the Minshan Mountains. We use focal mechanism solutions, GPS data and geomorphic evidence to explore the relationship between the geomorphologic indices of the Fujiang drainage and activity characteristics of the Huya fault. Our results suggest that:(1) The Fujiang drainage basin is in a steady state. The characteristics of the knickpoints indicate that they are mainly controlled by the locally resistant substrate. (2) The suggested value of the geomorphologic index on the west side of the Huya fault is generally larger than on the east side, showing differential tectonic uplift rates across the fault. (3) The difference of the geomorphologic index of the small catchments on both sides of the Huya fault is gradually increasing from north to south along this fault, in accordance with that the north and south segments of the Huya fault are dominated by strike-and reverse-slip, respectively.     

阿尔金构造系晚更新世中晚期以来的逆冲活动

在阿尔金构造系中,阿尔金走滑断裂具有逆冲分量。文中将阿尔金构造系的逆冲活动分为西、中、东3段描述。西段从阿依耐克至车尔臣河河口,阿尔金南缘断裂具有逆冲活动迹象,在山前发育了规模较小的逆冲断层,有较新的地貌面被错动;中段从车尔臣河河口至拉配泉一带,在阿尔金山北缘发育大规模的逆冲断层,有较新的地貌面被错动;东段从拉配泉至宽滩山,逆冲断层有2种形式,此段阿尔金北缘断裂有逆冲分量,同时在阿尔金山北缘及山前冲洪积扇上发育逆冲断裂。自晚更新世中晚期以来,中段及东段逆冲速率<2mm/a。中段西部江尕拉萨依地区自16kaBP以来逆冲速率约为0.33mm/a,中部米兰桥一带自32kaBP以来的逆冲速率约为1.42mm/a。东段最大的逆冲速率在近中部的团结乡,自约5.31kaBP以来达到约1.81mm/a,向东西两端有减小的趋势,在西部柳城子自约72.36kaBP以来的逆冲速率为0.57mm/a,而东端的红柳沟自约8.99kaBP以来仅为0.05mm/a。团结乡地区约自19kaBP以来,逆冲活动有增强的趋势