江西武山侵入型块状硫化物铜矿床的成矿特征

从成矿地质条件、矿床地质特点、成矿温度及同位素组成等方面讨论矿床的成矿特征,指出矿床与花岗闪长斑岩体不仅空间上紧密共生,且成因上也有关,为浸入型块状硫化物矿床.该矿床与火山型块状硫化物矿床有着完全不同的成矿特征.     

福建德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件和矿床成因

本文分析研究了德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件，矿床主要地质和地球化学特征以及矿床成因等。结果表明，德化杨梅地区是一个金的高背景地球化学场，为成矿提供了物质基础；金矿床，矿点明显地受ＮＥ、ＮＷ向断裂及其交叉复合部位控制；与成矿有关的侵入岩－次火山岩主要是燕山期的石英闪长岩，花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩，金的矿化类型主要为含金石英脉型，含金石英－硫化物型及破碎蚀变岩型；区内金矿成因类型主要为次火山热液型和岩浆     

藏南喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩稀有金属成矿作用初步研究

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是青藏高原广泛分布且独具特色的地质组成,呈东西向分布,延绵超过1000km.它们可划分为黑云母花岗岩、二云母/白云母花岗岩、电气石花岗岩和石榴石花岗岩,此外,发育程度不等的钠长石花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩.本文介绍了对喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩稀有金属成矿的初步研究结果.在本次调查的15个淡色花岗岩体岩体中,有12个岩体中发现了稀有金属矿物,包括代表铍成矿的绿柱石,代表铌钽成矿的铌铁矿族矿物、重钽铁矿、烧绿石-细晶石、褐钇铌矿、铌铁金红石,代表锡成矿的锡石等.初步研究表明,喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的稀有金属成矿范围广,具有良好的稀有金属成矿潜力,可成为中国重要的稀有金属成矿带,未来需要尽快加强该地区的稀有金属成矿调查和研究工作,为中国稀有金属矿产资源接替基地的找寻提供理论依据.     

中国东南沿海大（中）型浅成中低温热液矿床——斑岩型矿床评价 …

本文总结中国东南沿海高钾钙碱性－双峰式火山岩带中已勘查大中型矿床成矿环境的共性；矿床所处区域构造的部位，成岩与成矿时代，矿床与岩浆成因类型，火山构造及其基底构造控矿性，矿床与爆发角砾岩，矿床与矿化类型叠加与共生，矿化与蚀变的分带性、矿床定位深度与剥蚀深度。作者认为这八点可作为找寻与评价大（中）型矿床的地质准则。通过火山地质与矿床地质统一的研究提出本区晚中生代以火山为中心地热体系的成矿模式。并就三个     

看寿山石雕的鬼斧神工

正寿山石文化源远流长,一代又一代的寿山石雕手艺人不断地传承和弘扬寿山石文化,进行着道艺的迭传。由中国国家博物馆、中国民协、福建省文联共同主办的"寿山石艺——陈礼忠寿山石艺术传承展"近日在中国国家博物馆举行,灯光下近看这些雕刻的寿山石花卉、禽鸟、动物,尤其是残荷,栩栩如生。     

相山矿田铀矿地质研究进展与趋势

相山铀矿是华南最大的产于火山一侵入杂岩体中的热液脉型铀矿田。文章对相山铀矿地质研究的历史进行了简略回顾,重点阐述了铀矿地质研究的新进展,主要有：火山杂岩时代为早白垩世、火山岩浆具有反方向演化特点,成矿作用是一个相对连续的演化过程,铀矿类型归属斑岩型,属于与燕山晚期火山一斑岩作用有关的铀或铀一多金属矿床成矿系列。最后,文章展望了未来的研究方向。     

河南新安县石寺一北冶铝土矿地质特征及找矿方向

通过对河南省新安县石寺一北冶深部铝土矿区成矿地质条件研究,论述了该矿床的矿床地质特征,在分析该矿床的形成机制的基础上,对该区深部找矿和勘查工作提出了建设性的建议。     

新疆望峰金矿成矿物质和流体来源同位素示踪──碰撞造山成矿作用研究示例

望峰金矿是天山地区５个最重要金矿之一,其成矿时间、空间、地球动力学背景、矿床地质和成矿流体特征研究均已证实其形成于古生代末的碰撞造山过程,是窥探碰撞造山过程成矿规律的理想代表．通过氢、氧、碳、硫、铅、锶等同位素研究,揭示成矿物质主要来自沉积岩建造（碳酸盐、硫酸盐）,进而通过区域地质分析确定矿区北部以碳硅泥岩建造为主（夹火山碎屑岩）的海西期构造层提供了主要的成矿物质;古生代末,海西期构造层沿红五月桥断裂向南陆内俯冲到望峰矿区之下,派生了携带成矿物 质的大量流体并向低温低压的浅部运移,从而诱发了望峰金矿的成矿作用．该研究排 除了其他构造成矿模式解释的可能性．     

西昆仑山构造格架与成矿堆积环境

本文在对西昆仑山广布的岩浆岩尤其是风岗岩研究取得的成果基础上，结合区域构造、沉积建造等其它地质特征，再造了西昆仑山地质构造发展历程，进而研究了区内成矿堆积环境及其矿床地质特征。结果表明，昆仑山经历了复杂的地质构造演化，是一条由北而南分别由加里东造山带、华力西造山带和燕山早期造山带组成的复合型造山带。区内存在以下5种主要成矿堆积环境：洋脊（蛇绿岩）成矿堆积环境（塞浦路斯型含铜黄铁矿矿床，豆莱状铬、镍矿床），被动陆缘成矿堆积环境（MVT铅锌矿床，Sedex型铅矿成床），火山弧成矿堆积环境（斑岩型铜矿床，黑矿型铜锌铅矿床，矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床），弧后盆地成矿堆积环境（海底火山喷发沉积型铁铜金矿床，气液充填型铜金铁矿床）和同碰撞成矿堆积环境（伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床，伟晶岩型多金属银矿床）。     

广东省大埔县银山里铅锌银矿区成矿地质特征

银山里铅锌银多金属矿区在大地构造上隶属于华南褶皱带,地处东南沿海中生代火山岩浆活动带的南部。矿体主要赋存于下侏罗统海陆交互相碎屑岩与岩浆岩的接触带上。本文从区域成矿地质背景人手,着重研究了地层、构造、岩浆岩与成矿的关系,分析了成矿物质来源,总结了矿化富集规律,提出了找矿标志。作为一个与侵入岩浆活动有关的矿床,本文旨在通过对其成矿地质环境的深入分析,提出矿床的成矿模式,为粤东地区该类矿床的寻找提供理论上的启示。     

Surface stone cover on desert hillslopes; parameterizing characteristics relevant to infiltration and surface runoff

Surface stones are a common feature of desert hillslopes. They influence slope processes ranging from the interception and partitioning of rainwater to the dislodgement and transport of regolith particles. The aspects of a stone mantle which relate to these various influences are diverse, and include surface cover fraction, dimensions of the infiltration annulus, and geometric and packing effects. Analyses of the characteristics of stone cover at two study sites were made using photographic methods and are used to evaluate different means of reporting mean stone sizes. It is found that mean diameter based on weight, as conventionally employed in sieve analysis, is insensitive to important stone cover characteristics and may be influenced greatly by uncommon, large stones. Similarly, mean diameters based on count become inappropriate if large numbers of small stones dominate the calculated mean, concealing other site-to-site differences in stone cover. As a more appropriate parameterization of stone geometry, the use of mean diameters weighted by stone surface area and perimeter length are proposed. These weighting factors have the advantage that they relate closely to stone characteristics relevant to slope hydrology and erosion processes.     

常规定量CT鉴别尿路结石成分的研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT各参数鉴别尿路结石成分的价值。方法:收集2016年5月至2018年3月我院112例尿路结石患者的术前CT图像资料,测量尿路结石直径（d）、平均CT值（HUm）及CT值标准差（HUsd）,并计算平均CT值/直径的比值（HUd）,再以术后红外线光谱结果为参照标准,比较各类结石成分d、HUm、HUsd及HUd的差异,并运用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评价其鉴别结石成分的效能。结果:尿酸结石21例、一水草酸钙结石49例、碳酸磷灰石10例和混合结石27例,尿酸结石的HUm、HUsd及HUd值均明显低于其他类型结石;尿酸结石与非尿酸结石（一水草酸钙结石、碳酸磷灰石、混合结石）之间的HUm、HUsd及HUd值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;非尿酸结石之间的HUm、HUsd及HUd值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;各类结石的d值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;d、HUm、HUsd及HUd鉴别尿酸结石的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.444、0.915、0.972及0.858。结论:螺旋CT的HUm、HUsd及HUd值均能鉴别尿酸结石和非尿酸结石,其中以HUsd的鉴别效能最佳,但不能区分各类型非尿酸结石。      

Laboratory frost sorting by needle ice: a pilot experiment on the effects of stone size and extent of surface stone cover

Sorted patterned ground is ubiquitous where gravelly fine soil experiences freeze–thaw cycles, but experimental studies have rarely been successful in reproducing such patterns. This article reports an attempt to reproduce miniature sorted patterns by repeating needle‐ice formation, which simulates frost sorting in regions dominated by diurnal freeze–thaw cycles. Six full‐scale laboratory models were tested. They consisted of near‐saturated volcanic fine soil topped by small stones of uniform size; the models explored a range of stone size (~6, ~12, ~17 and ~22 mm) and surface abundance (20, 40 and 60% cover). The stones were placed in a grid on the surface. These models were subjected to 20–30 temperature excursions between 10 °C and ?5 °C in 12 hours. The evolution of surface patterns were visually traced by photogrammetry. A data logging system continuously monitored vertical soil displacements, soil temperatures and moistures at different depths. All experimental runs displayed needle‐ice formation (2–3 cm in height) and resulting displacement of stones. The soil domains tended to heave faster and higher than the stones, leading to outward movement of the former and concentration of the stones. In plan view, smaller stones showed relatively fast and long‐lasting movements, while larger stones stabilized after the first five cycles. The 20% stone cover produced stone islands, whereas the 40% cover resulted in sorted labyrinths (a circle‐island complex) that may represent incipient sorted circles. The average diameter or spacing of these forms are 12–13 cm, being comparable to those in the field. The experiments imply that needle‐ice activity promotes rapid formation of sorted patterns, although the formation of well‐defined sorted circles may require hundreds of diurnal frost heave cycles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩长石矿物特征及成因信息

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中的长石矿物特征为：斜长石斑晶具有反环带结构和交代净边结构,基质中存在大量的斜长石微晶,且在电子探针下研究发现基质中斜长石微晶具有钾长石环边的矿物学特点,为此类火山岩归属于橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩提供了矿物学证据。通过对长石矿物组合特征进行研究,探讨该地区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩的成因以及成岩时的物理化学条件等方面的信息。     

江西武夷成矿带铜多金属矿产资源远景评价与展望

华南武夷山地区处于扬子、华夏两大构造单元交接叠加地段,构造变形复杂,中生代岩浆活动强烈,具有十分优越的成矿条件,矿产资源潜力巨大。本文以正在武夷山成矿带开展的矿产远景调查工作和资源评价工作所取得的阶段性成果为基础,分析了武夷山成矿带的成矿地质背景、主要矿床类型及近几年的找矿勘查成果,并对武夷成矿带江西省境内铜多金属矿产资源潜力进行了初步评价,划分了十七个找矿远景区。     

松辽盆地北部深层火山岩剩磁特征与裂缝定向研究

系统的等温剩磁和热退磁分析表明，松辽盆地深层早白垩世火山岩具有特征剩磁和黏滞剩磁两组剩磁分量，载磁性矿物为磁铁矿.校正后的火山岩特征剩磁方向及古磁极位置与欧亚大陆的白垩纪古磁极位置，在95%置信区间内重叠，佐证了应用黏滞剩磁定向岩芯的方法是可行的.黏滞剩磁定向研究表明，研究区火山岩裂缝主要发育有北东向、北西向、近南北向和近东西向四组，其中北东向和北西向裂缝更占优势.古地磁定向成果与成像测井成果对比，显示出良好的定向效果.     

Overland flow generation and continuity on stone-covered soil surfaces

The influence of stone cover on the generation and continuity of overland flow is a function of several variables, primarily stone size, distance (spacing) between stones, and stone position (on top of the soil surface or partially embedded). The initial hypothesis of the present study were that stone size affects overland flow generation by inducing ‘concentration overland flow’ and that the distance between stones affects overland flow continuity. With respect to stone size and distance between stones, opposing results have been found in the literature. Accordingly, the present paper reports on laboratory experiments which were conducted to investigate, systematically, the effect on overland flow of stone size, distance between stones, and stone position. The main conclusions were:

• 1 Stone cover tended to induce overland flow, relative to bare soil. Small stones, however, especially in a low-cover percentage setting, and when resting on top of the soil surface, produced less overland flow than bare soil.
• 2 Overland flow was positively related to stone size, but inversely related to distance between stones.
• 3 Overland flow yield was always greater when stones were embedded than when on top of the soil surface.
• 4 The effect of stone size on increasing the degree of overland flow was of greater significance than the effect of the distance between stones on reducing overland flow.

     

Stone movement through snow creep, 1963–75 mount twynam,snowy mountains,Australia

On the backwall of Twynam East Cirque selected stones moving through snow creep were marked and their movements from 1963 to 1975 measured. Their annual movements varied markedly between 1963 and 1970 but thereafter little. The percentage of stones failing to move varied reciprocally with snow thickness over a snow course in a comparable site near Spencers Creek. The annual mean movement, ranging from 7·6 to 36·3 cm, correlated strongly with Spencers Creek snow thickness. Frequent occurrence of annual movements of intermediate value characterise the process. Snow surface maps with 2m contours for 1964, 1974 and 1975 permitted determination of snow slope at the stone positions and of snow thickness by subtraction of ground heights. A 2 m contour ground surface map was also the basis for hillslope angles at stone positions. Basal area and area transverse to snow movement were calculated from measurements of the three principal axes of the stones. The vertical angles and directions of their abrasion tracks were measured. Rank correlation of stone movements with hillslope and snow slope was usually not significant but with track angle was so in most years. Track angle and direction are controlled partly by hillslope and partly by local rock geometry. Movements correlated inversely with stone basal area on which frictional drag depends. Correlation with stone transverse area was weak and inverse; this may be due to snow tending to move round larger stones. In most years there was significant correlation with snow thickness and basal stress (calculated from snow thickness and snow slope). However, the amount of ‘explanation’ associated with all the independent variables was small and the experiments revealed an importance of surface roughness at various scales in controlling stone movement which was much greater than expected from direct observation.     

Petrology of green polished stone axes of the Jomon period from the Sannai-Maruyama site,Japan, investigating the origin of source rock

Numerous green polished stone axes have been excavated from the Sannai-Maruyama site, one of Japan's largest archeological sites in the Jomon period (5.9–4.2 cal kyr BP). The axes are composed of weakly metamorphosed fine-grained volcaniclastic rock having a peculiar texture that includes numerous acicular actinolites growing in random directions within a quartz and albite matrix. Cobbles of Aotora stone found along the Nukabira River, Biratori town, southern Hokkaido, are the most likely raw material for these stone axes. Aotora stones have alternate bands of a soft dark-green picritic layer and a hard SiO₂-rich pale-green layer. The pale-green layer has a texture similar to the stone axes. Basaltic and picritic volcanic rocks of the Sorachi-Yezo Belt occupy the area along the Shidoni River, a tributary of the Nukabira River. Volcaniclastic rocks similar in texture, mineralogy, and bulk rock compositions to the Aotora stone are exposed in the area. These rocks underwent metamorphism under the actinolite-pumpellyite facies conditions. Their protolith is submarine hyaloclastic rocks that are intercalated with laminated picrite detritus. The stone axes, pale-green layers of Aotora stone, and those of the volcaniclastic rocks of the Shidoni River area all have high SiO₂ (~ 55 wt%), Cr (~ 840 μg/g), and Ni (~ 370 μg/g). The rare earth element patterns with abundant light rare earth elements and depleted heavy rare earth elements of stone axes were also consistent with the pale-green layers of the outcrop. These pale-green layers, interleaved with dark-green layers of picritic detritus, were the likely source rock of the stone axes. The high SiO₂ content in the pale-green layer caused the crystallization of quartz and albite in the matrix, which resulted in high-quality raw material for making stone axes.     

Petrographic study of the Miocene Mizunami Group,Central Japan: Detection of unrecognized volcanic activity in the Setouchi Province

A petrographic study of sandstones from the Miocene Mizunami Group in Central Japan has been performed on core samples from a single borehole, in order to evaluate the provenance of the sedimentary rock. Evaluation of the provenance is based on bulk mineral, heavy mineral and plagioclase contents and on whole rock chemical compositions. The sandstones studied are divisible into three types; the first type is characterized by the occurrence of biotite and plagioclase ranging from albite to oligoclase, the second type is characterized by the dominance of amphibole and labradorite with pyroxene (clinopyroxene > orthopyroxene), and the third type is characterized by the dominance of pyroxene (orthopyroxene > clinopyroxene) and andesine with lesser labradorite, bytownite and anorthite. The first type is interpreted to be derived from the basement granite, whereas the others were derived mostly from volcanic ash, judging from their mineral compositions. The volcanic activity that supplied the volcanic ash to the Mizunami Basin occurred in two phases, distinguishable by variations in their mineralogical and geochemical compositions, an indication of change in character of the volcanic activity. This petrographic study of the sandstones in the Mizunami Group suggests that unrecognized volcanic activity occurred around the Mizunami Basin, even though potential provenance of the volcanic ash has not yet been identified.