"工字型"平面不规则钢结构的弹塑性时程分析研究

为了研究"工字型"平面不规则钢框架体系结构,分析房屋的抗震技术性能影响以及此种不规则建筑的薄弱位置,应用Abaqus有限元软件建立一个三维杆系模型对"工字型"平面不规则钢框架进行模拟.通过对钢框架结构在3种不同地震波作用下进行动力弹塑性时程分析,对产生的结构顶层位移、最大层间位移、层间位移角和底部剪力进行对比研究,以及对钢结构的薄弱环节进行了分析.最后从计算结果得出结论,"工字型"不规则钢架结构的抗震性能良好,主要控制指标符合规范要求.     

偏心支撑对轻钢结构住宅抗震性能的影响

偏心支撑钢框架是一种新型的偏心支撑结构,具有良好的刚度、延性及耗能能力。采用非线性有限元分析软件Sap2000建立了一个6层的轻钢结构框架模型,对框架结构分别布置中心支撑、偏心支撑,分别计算了3种结构模型在水平地震作用下的抗震性能,通过对比3种结构模型在荷载作用下的自振周期、加速度及其地震响应,分析了偏心支撑对轻钢住宅抗震性能的影响。     

交错桁架多层钢结构推倒分析方法研究

随着基于性能的抗震设计思想的发展,推倒分析开始成为罕遇地震下多、高层结构抗震设计的有力工具。本文以交错桁架多层钢结构为例,采用推倒分析对其在E l Centro波作用下的地震反应进行研究,分别采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定结构目标位移,同时进行结构在相同地震动下的弹塑性时程分析。研究表明,推倒分析能准确地评价交错桁架多层钢结构的抗震性能,采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定的结构顶点侧移均与弹塑性时程分析吻合较好,对层间位移及塑性铰分布的预测,能力谱法比位移系数法更为准确。     

钢筋混凝土框架顶部钢结构加层的抗震性能分析

采用钢结构加层后,结构的整体质量、刚度、周期、阻尼比等都发生较大的变化。仅对加层部分结构进行计算分析是不安全的,应进行结构的整体分析。本文采用有限元软件ANSYS,对某4层钢筋混凝土框架结构办公楼顶部加2层纯钢框架的抗震性能进行分析,并在此基础上讨论了不同加层层数的整体框架模型、不同阻尼比ζ和有侧移及无侧移框架形式对结构整体抗震性能的影响分析。计算表明,由于加层后结构周期加长,整体框架的底层层剪力变化较小。     

大跨度空间钢结构支吊架的施工抗震技术研究

为保证大跨度空间钢结构支吊架抗震施工技术在城市建设与规划过程中发挥积极效用,需对其进行研究。提出一种基于BIM技术的大跨度空间钢结构支吊架的抗震施工方法,该方法介绍大跨度空间钢结构支吊架的组成及其抗震施工布置要求、施工依据和施工工序,并阐述BIM技术在钢结构支吊架结构抗震施工中的具体应用,包括施工流程和施工原则。通过模拟工程实例分析证明,采用BIM技术进行抗震施工后的大跨度空间钢结构支吊架试件的承载力和抗侧刚度均有明显提升,在地震发生初期承担了建筑结构的大部分地震内力,具有较好的抗震性能。     

基于灰关联与人工神经网络综合评价模型的多层砖房震害预测

结合几次大地震中多层砖房的实际震害资料,基于灰关联识别方法,解析了各影响因子对多层砖房抗震性能的影响程度。以反映结构抗震性能的各类物理参数作为输入数据,以给定地震动峰值加速度下建筑物破坏状态的概率作为输出数据,采用8-6-5层结构,建立了基于BP人工神经网络的非线性模型,并对震害样本进行了训练。结果表明:利用灰关联分析,可得出各因子对多层砖房抗震性能影响程度的大小排序,有利于实际的工程抗震设计;基于BP人工神经网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,其思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。     

基于OpenSees的屈曲约束支撑混凝土框架抗震性能分析

通过有限元软件OpenSees对采用了T型钢锚固型节点的一个两层三跨屈曲约束支撑混凝土框架进行了模拟,并与试验结果对比,来验证模拟结果的准确性。在此基础上,对试验框架的原屈曲约束支撑结构体系进行抗震性能分析。结果表明:有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,OpenSees可以准确的模拟屈曲约束支撑混凝土框架的受力性能;屈曲约束支撑混凝土框架具有良好的耗能性与水平承载力;屈曲约束支撑框架体系具有较好的抗震性能;屈曲约束支撑能够增加结构体系的侧向刚度,有效控制结构变形。     

正弦行波激励下单层偏心框架结构扭转响应的解析解

文中针对单层偏心框架结构,利用正弦行波激励研究了质量偏心率和激励频率对偏心框架结构行波扭转响应的影响规律.建立了行波激励下单层偏心框架结构的振动方程,采用相对运动法求解给出了正弦行波激励下单层偏心框架结构楼板的质心平动位移和转角位移以及楼板扭矩和柱剪力的解析解.计算了一个钢筋混凝凝土单层偏心框架结构的峰值楼板扭矩和峰值...     

钦州市建筑物抗震性能普查及震害预测分析

通过对钦州市主城区建筑物开展抗震性能普查,摸清了钦州市主城区重要建筑、民用群体建筑和普通民居的抗震性能状况,对建筑物抗震性能进行了分级评定,找出了城市建筑抗震薄弱区.采用PKPM有限元结构分析软件对重要建筑中的砖混结构建筑进行了震害预测分析,最后总结了钦州市主城区建筑物抗震性能存在问题并给出了建议.     

基于遥感影像技术对普兰店农居建筑物的普查分析

房屋结构特征是评估地震灾害损失的重要影响因素之一,其中城市和农村房屋结构类型和抗震性能也有较大差异,城市建筑以砖混和框架结构为主,抗震性能较好,农村房屋主要以石木、砖木及砖混三种结构形式为主,抗震性能较差。对大连普兰店农居建筑物进行调研,通过无人机的航摄影像对建筑物结构的目视判读,并采用计算房屋误差矩阵和Kappa系数分析法将其与随机选取的实地调研结果进行精度对比分析,结果表明,精度评价结果与实际建筑物考察结果几乎一致,利用无人机对农居建筑物结构类型判定,弥补现场调研的不足。     

An alternative approach for computing seismic response with accidental eccentricity

Accidental eccentricity is a non-standard assumption for seismic design of tall buildings. Taking it into consideration requires reanalysis of seismic resistance, which requires either time consuming computation of natural vibration of eccentric structures or finding a static displacement solution by applying an approximated equivalent torsional moment for each eccentric case. This study proposes an alternative modal response spectrum analysis(MRSA) approach to calculate seismic responses with accidental eccentricity. The proposed approach, called the Rayleigh Ritz Projection-MRSA(RRP-MRSA), is developed based on MRSA and two strategies:(a) a RRP method to obtain a fast calculation of approximate modes of eccentric structures; and(b) an approach to assemble mass matrices of eccentric structures. The efficiency of RRP-MRSA is tested via engineering examples and compared with the standard MRSA(ST-MRSA) and one approximate method, i.e., the equivalent torsional moment hybrid MRSA(ETM-MRSA). Numerical results show that RRP-MRSA not only achieves almost the same precision as ST-MRSA, and is much better than ETM-MRSA, but is also more economical. Thus, RRP-MRSA can be in place of current accidental eccentricity computations in seismic design.     

Inelastic earthquake response of single‐story asymmetric buildings: an assessment of simplified shear‐beam models

The inelastic seismic torsional response of simple structures is examined by means of shear‐beam type models as well as with plastic hinge idealization of one‐story buildings. Using mean values of ductility factors, obtained for groups of ten earthquake motions, as the basic index of post‐elastic response, the following topics are examined with the shear‐beam type model: mass eccentric versus stiffness eccentric systems, effects of different types of motions and effects of double eccentricities. Subsequently, comparisons are made with results obtained using a more realistic, plastic hinge type model of single‐story reinforced concrete frame buildings designed according to a modern Code. The consequences of designing for different levels of accidental eccentricity are also examined for the aforementioned frame buildings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Importance of seismic design accidental torsion requirements for building collapse capacity

Seismic ground motions induce torsional responses in buildings that can be difficult to predict. To compensate for this, most modern building codes require the consideration of accidental torsion when computing design earthquake forces. This study evaluates the influence of ASCE/SEI 7 accidental torsion seismic design requirements on the performance of 230 archetypical buildings that are designed with and without accidental torsion design provisions, taking building collapse capacity as the performance metric. The test case archetypes include a broad range of heights, gravity load levels, and plan configurations. Results show that the ASCE/SEI 7 accidental torsion provisions lead to significant changes in collapse capacity for buildings that are very torsionally flexible or asymmetric. However, only inconsequential changes in collapse capacity are observed in the buildings that are both torsionally stiff and regular in plan. Therefore, the study concludes that accidental torsion provisions are not necessary for seismic design of buildings without excessive torsional flexibility or asymmetry. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基坑排桩对建筑抗震性的影响分析

以往对建筑抗震性影响因素的研究仅限于施工材料、技术手段等外部条件,忽略了基坑土体安全系数、基坑状态对建筑抗震性的影响,一定程度上削弱了建筑的抗震性能。本文从基坑排桩角度对建筑抗震性的影响展开分析,通过有限元强度折减法获取土体的安全系数与基坑状态的判断标准,在该标准下基于土体安全系数采用有限元强度折减法计算公式,获取各个土层计算参数。基于该参数使用ABAQUS有限元软件构建基坑排桩有限元分析模型(土体和桩体分别采用莫尔-库仑弹塑性模型和二维弹性模型)。实验采用所提分析方法,从基坑排桩排距、刚度两方面对建筑抗震性能进行分析。实验结果表明,当基坑排桩排距进行适当取值时,建筑抗震性越好;双排桩的刚度越大,建筑抗震性越好,且随着刚度的增加建筑抗震性能趋于平稳。     

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。     

On the design and seismic response of RC frame buildings designed with Eurocode 8

Performance-Based Seismic Design is now widely recognized as the pre-eminent seismic design and assessment methodology for building structures. In recognition of this, seismic codes may require that buildings achieve multiple performance objectives such as withstanding moderate, yet frequently occurring earthquakes with minimal structural and non-structural damage, while withstanding severe, but rare earthquakes without collapse and loss of life. These objectives are presumed to be satisfied by some codes if the force-based design procedures are followed. This paper investigates the efficacy of the Eurocode 8 force-based design provisions with respect to RC frame building design and expected seismic performance. Four, eight, and 16-storey moment frame buildings were designed and analyzed using the code modal response spectrum analysis provisions. Non-linear time-history analyses were subsequently performed to determine the simulated seismic response of the structures and to validate the Eurocode 8 force-based designs. The results indicate the design of flexural members in medium-to-long period structures is not significantly influenced by the choice of effective member stiffness; however, calculated interstorey drift demands are significantly affected. This finding was primarily attributed to the code’s enforcement of a minimum spectral ordinate on the design spectrum. Furthermore, design storey forces and interstorey drift demand estimates (and therefore damage), obtained by application of the code force-based design procedure varied substantially from those found through non-linear time-history analysis. Overall, the results suggest that though the Eurocode 8 may yield life-safe designs, the seismic performance of frame buildings of the same type and ductility class can be highly non-uniform.     

双向偏心结构扭转耦联地震反应的序列最优控制

本文分析了不对称建筑结构平移-扭转耦联振动的动力特性及地震作用下的响应;根据地震动输入结构的过程,推导出一种更为一般的最优控制算法,所获得的控制力表达式同时包括地震响应和地震激励。通过对一非规则四层框架结构的扭转耦联地震反应控制分析表明,该算法不仅能有效地控制结构的平移地震反应,而且更有效地抑制结构的扭转耦联地震反应。     

基于新视角的震害分析——以四川长宁6.0级地震为例

四川长宁6.0级地震发生后，作者第一时间前往地震现场，获得第一手震害资料。基于“散、脆、偏、单”评估法，对当地建筑物震害特点和成灾机理进行深入剖析，并提出整治措施。实际震害显示，当前我国城乡建筑亟待解决的问题是“散”和“脆”；学校建筑和底商结构在此次地震中仍表现出诸多抗震不利问题，集中体现在因填充墙布置不合理导致的“偏”；高层建筑主体结构虽在地震后保存完好，但填充墙破坏较重，修缮费用较高。震害调查结果警醒行业人员需围绕实际震害特点精准发力，优化结构概念设计，全面提升抗震能力，推动韧性城乡建设。     

地震状态下高层建筑物安全防护避让距离的估计研究

高层建筑物在地震作用下易出现倒塌状况,严重影响人身安全,因此高层建筑物地震安全防护距离的预测至关重要。设计以基础数据库为核心的高层建筑物地震安全防护距离预测系统,通过高层建筑物基本信息系统采集高层建筑物高度、宽度、结构类型等基本数据信息,并将这些信息存储到震害数据库系统中;地震危害模型分析系统依据数据库系统中存储的这些建筑物基本信息,分析地震危险性后,通过研究地震时高层建筑上部结构水平、底部及顶部先接触地面三种落地状态情况下,计算得到薄弱层和薄弱层上部结构高度的安全防护距离。实验验证在人工地震波作用下,利用该预测系统可有效获取实验小区高层建筑物的安全防护距离界定示意图,且其能够准确分析地震作用下高层建筑物晃动时"飞石"安全距离,以及三种地震波作用下建筑物地震安全防护距离分布规律和主要影响范围,其预测效果好。     

Probabilistic seismic assessment of multistory precast concrete frames exposed to corrosion

Seismic design of concrete structures is currently based on time-invariant capacity design criteria which do not account for environmental hazards. The significant progressive decay of strength and ductility of concrete structures exposed to damage, in particular due to reinforcing steel corrosion, shows that this approach should be revised to consider the deterioration over time of the seismic performance. This is important also for precast systems, for which most of structural members are often directly exposed to the atmosphere and environmental aggressiveness. This paper presents a probabilistic approach for the lifetime assessment of seismic performance of concrete structures considering the interaction of seismic and environmental hazards. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by its application to multistory precast buildings exposed to corrosion. The results show that structures designed for the same seismic action could have different lifetime seismic performance depending on the environmental exposure. These results emphasize the importance of a life-cycle approach to both seismic assessment of existing buildings and seismic design of new structures, and indicate that capacity design criteria need to be properly revised to consider the severity of the environmental exposure.