基于OpenSees的防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架数值模拟

提出了一种既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固方法,该法采用防屈曲支撑提高框架结构体系的水平承载力和耗能能力,利用外包钢进一步提高柱子的抗弯和抗剪承载力。采用开源有限元程序OpenSees,分别建立空钢筋混凝土框架和防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,对2榀钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能进行模拟。防屈曲支撑采用了弹塑性桁架单元模型,加固框架柱混凝土考虑了外包钢的约束作用。将分析结果与拟静力试验结果进行比较,以检验分析模型的准确性,以及研究防屈曲支撑和外包钢对混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,验证了基于OpenSees建立的数值模型的准确性;外包钢有效改善了框架柱的抗弯承载力和变形能力;防屈曲支撑显著提高了加固框架体系的水平刚度、水平承载力和耗能能力。     

带防屈曲支撑的钢管混凝土框架抗震性能参数分析

设置防屈曲支撑的钢管混凝土框架是一种新型钢管混凝土减震结构。采用有限元软件Opensees对设置防屈曲支撑的单层单跨钢管混凝土减震框架进行数值模拟,研究了框架梁柱线刚度比、防屈曲支撑初始刚度以及钢管混凝土柱轴压比等设计参数对该减震结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明：1数值模拟和试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性;2梁柱线刚度比在0.1~0.3之间变化时,钢管混凝土减震框架的抗震性能较好;3BRB耗能支撑的初始刚度K1在40~80kN/mm变化时,减震框架的耗能减震效应较明显;4在合理的钢管混凝土柱轴压比范围内,当轴压比较大时,在钢管混凝土框架中设置防屈曲支撑能明显地提高结构的耗能能力和改善结构的强度退化现象。     

应用OpenSees模拟钢管混凝土不等跨框架抗震性能

基于一榀方钢管混凝土柱-H型钢梁不等跨平面框架的抗震性能试验,应用OpenSees有限元软件,模拟了低周反复荷载作用下框架的荷载-位移曲线,并对其抗震性能影响参数进行分析。研究结果表明:OpenSees中塑性铰纤维单元模拟栓焊连接的H型钢梁具有合理性。混凝土强度对框架的抗震性能影响较小,提高钢材强度可以有效提升框架结构的承载力和延性,其中Q345具有较高的性价比。柱截面宽厚比越小,框架承载力越高。轴压比增大会对框架抗震性能产生不利影响,工程中应避免出现高轴压比。在钢管混凝土不等跨框架结构设计中,钢梁跨度要综合考虑梁截面抗弯能力和梁柱线刚度比,其变梁异型中节点宜选择合适的梁高比。     

基于OpenSees的钢-混凝土组合梁钢框架抗震性能研究

基于OpenSees有限元软件编制了钢-混凝土组合梁纤维单元函数模块,与试验对比结果表明,该单元可以很好的模拟组合梁钢框架在地震往复荷载作用下的受力性能;以试验框架为基础,通过改变混凝土翼板厚度、配筋率、型钢梁高度、混凝土强度和钢材强度等影响因素,研究其对组合梁钢框架抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:钢梁高度对钢框架的抗震性能影响最大,混凝土板厚度和钢材强度等级影响次之,配筋率和混凝土强度等级对结构的抗震性能影响很小。     

约束边缘区域不同构造的带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒抗震性能研究

针对带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒结构,探讨约束边缘区域不同构造措施对其抗震性能的影响,共完成了3个核心筒的低周反复加载试验。试验结果表明:带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒结构具有良好的变形能力,约束边缘区域配置型钢能提高试件的强度和延性;在角部设置叠合柱的试件,其抗侧刚度和耗能能力有显著提高;带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒翼墙存在剪力滞后效应,角部叠合柱的设置能降低剪力滞后系数,进一步发挥核心筒的整体空间作用。通过与试验结果的对比与校验,应用OpenSees有限元软件建立高阻尼混凝土带钢板暗支撑组合核心筒试件非线性分析模型,以此非线性分析模型为基础,考察了轴压比对高阻尼带钢板暗支撑混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,结果表明即使在试验轴压比为0.6的情况下,这种核心筒的延性与变形指标仍能满足规范要求。     

装配式复式钢管混凝土柱-钢板剪力墙框架数值模拟

为研究复式钢管混凝土钢板剪力墙框架的抗震力学性能,基于装配式复式钢管混凝土柱-钢板剪力墙框架结构拟静力试验研究,合理采用材料本构关系并引入了损伤因子来考虑混凝土的损伤退化,利用ABAQUS软件建立两榀框架的有限元模型,并且对结构进行有限元计算。有限元模拟所得框架的滞回曲线与试验所得吻合良好,验证了有限元模拟的正确性。基于此,分析了整体框架以及各构件在受力过程中的应力分布,验证了钢板对于该类结构抗震性能有明显的提升及结构试件设计的合理性;最后对该类框架结构进行了参数分析,研究了轴压比、钢材强度及钢板剪力墙厚度对结构抗震性能的影响,为此类框架结构试验以及工程应用提供参考。     

高强钢筋高强混凝土框架结构非线性地震反应分析

研究配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构的抗震性能.采用OpenSees开放式软件对配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构进行了地震作用下的非线性有限元分析,并将计算结果与同等参数条件下的结构拟动力试验进行了对比.得到不同峰值加速度情况下的结构层间反应时程曲线,层间位移滞回曲线,以及破坏模式等,数值计算结果与试验吻合程度较好.研究结果表明利用基于OpenSees的有限元分析方法,能够有效地分析配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构的地震响应,可以辅助研究该结构的抗震性能.     

圆钢管混凝土组合框架拟动力性能有限元分析

提出了一种精细化有限元建模方法,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立2层圆钢管混凝土柱-组合梁空间框架的三维实体精细有限元模型进行拟动力分析。模型考虑了混凝土与钢材的合理滞回本构关系、钢管对核心混凝土的套箍约束作用、梁与柱的半刚性连接节点以及结构阻尼。位移、加速度、基底剪力、累积耗能的有限元结果与已有拟动力试验结果吻合良好,证明了模型具有较高的精度。进一步分析了结构损伤、钢管混凝土柱轴压比、钢管横向变形系数以及钢管、核心混凝土、钢梁、楼板和钢筋的应力。结果表明:3种幅值El Centro波作用下,组合框架基本处于弹性阶段,具有良好的抗震性能;柱的轴压比很小,且受压损伤小于楼板,该框架结构为典型的"强柱弱梁"体系;采用的建模方法具有求解效率高、数值稳定性好的特点,能有效反映结构的损伤过程,因此可方便地用于实际工程的抗震性能评估。     

建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响

当前方法采用伸臂桁架加固建筑结构时,未考虑建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑力的影响,伸臂桁架与建筑结构的连接不牢固,导致其对建筑结构的抗震加固性能较差。故此,深入分析建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响,设计建筑结构抗震加固方案,利用高强螺栓节点经由连接钢板实现屈曲约束支撑与建筑结构的铰接固定。分别从支撑变形同建筑结构层间位移的关系、建筑结构支撑承载力、多遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑框架的位移验算,以及罕遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑的弹塑性位移验算方面,分析屈曲约束支撑对建筑结构抗震加固性能影响。经实验分析得出,建筑结构加入屈曲约束支撑后第一扭转周期同第一平动周期的比值降低0.14,X、Y两个方向的砌体墙同建筑结构的刚度比值降低6.9、8.0,最大顶点位移值降低15.4 mm、29.3 mm,抗震加固性能大大提高。     

基于OpenSees的CFRP加固RC短柱抗震性能数值模拟

采用地震工程开源模拟软件OpenSees对CFRP加固RC短柱进行了静力Push over分析和低周往复加载分析,并与通用有限元软件ANSYS模拟结果进行对比研究.研究结果表明:利用CFRP进行加固,不仅阻止了RC短柱的脆性剪切破坏,而且使破坏模式转化为延性弯曲破坏,增强了结构延性,进而有效地提高其抗震性能;同ANSYS相比,OpenSees可以宏观的反映CFRP与混凝土共同作用的非线性力学特征,有效地对构件和结构进行加固后的承载力及抗震性能分析.     

Seismic design and hybrid tests of a full‐scale three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame using welded end connections and thin profile

A series of hybrid and cyclic loading tests were conducted on a three‐story single‐bay full‐scale buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2010. Six buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) including two thin BRBs and four end‐slotted BRBs, all using welded end connection details, were installed in the frame specimen. The BRBF was designed to sustain a design basis earthquake in Los Angeles. In the first hybrid test, the maximum inter‐story drift reached nearly 0.030 rad in the second story and one of the thin BRBs in the first story locally bulged and fractured subsequently before the test ended. After replacing the BRBs in the first story with a new pair, a second hybrid test with the same but reversed direction ground motion was applied. The maximum inter‐story drifts reached more than 0.030 rad and some cracks were found on the gusset welds in the second story. The frame responses were satisfactorily predicted by both OpenSees and PISA3D analytical models. The cyclic loading test with triangular lateral force distribution was conducted right after the second hybrid test. The maximum inter‐story drift reached 0.032, 0.031, and 0.008 rad for the first to the third story, respectively. This paper then presents the findings on the local bulging failure of the steel casing by using cyclic test results of two thin BRB specimens. It is found that the steel casing bulging resistance can be computed from an equivalent beam model constructed from the steel core plate width and restraining concrete thickness. This paper concludes with the recommendations on the seismic design of thin BRB steel casings against local bulging failure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full‐scale CFT/BRB frame—Part I: Specimen design,experiment and analysis

A series of pseudo‐dynamic tests (PDTs) of a full‐scale 3‐story 3‐bay buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) using concrete‐filled tube columns was tested in the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering using networked PDT techniques in October 2003. During the tests, real‐time experimental responses and video were webcasted to Internet viewers. The input ground motions adopted for the PDTs were chosen from the 1999 Chi‐Chi and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes and scaled to represent three seismic hazard levels. This paper is in two parts, focusing on the investigations of the overall structure and the local members. This paper constitutes Part I and discusses the design, analytical investigations, and key experimental results of the specimen frame, such as the buckling of the brace‐to‐gusset joints. Part II of the paper, the companion paper, describes the gusset stiffening schemes and detailed experimental behavior of the BRBs and their connections. Experimental peak inter‐story drifts of 0.019 and 0.023 radians, prescribed for the design basis and the maximum credible earthquakes, respectively, are within the target design limits of 0.020 and 0.025 radians. These tests confirmed that the PISA3D and OpenSees nonlinear structural analysis computer programs can simulate the experimental peak shears and floor displacements well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

罕遇地震下的屈曲约束支撑框架结构的动力响应研究

为分析支撑布置方式、刚度比、结构总层数等因素在罕遇地震下对屈曲约束支撑框架结构动力响应的影响,借助有限元分析软件SAP2000,分别对6层、12层、18层屈曲约束支撑框架结构模型进行了罕遇地震下的时程分析,详细研究了多高层结构体系的层间位移角、底层剪力、支撑内力等随支撑布置方式、刚度比、结构总层数等因素变化的规律。分析表明,倒V较单斜布置更能有效降低底层剪力、增大支撑轴力、降低层间位移角,从而降低结构的地震响应,更有利于结构消能减震;随着结构总层数的增大,支撑的屈服层数呈现出增多的趋势;刚度比七为2—4时,能使较多层数的屈曲约束支撑参与到消能减震的过程之中,较好地实现抗震设防目标。     

Steel buckling‐restrained braced frames with single and dual corner gusset connections: seismic tests and analyses

The design of a three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) with a single‐diagonal sandwiched BRB and corner gusset was evaluated in cyclic tests of a one‐story, one‐bay BRBF subassembly and dynamic analyses of the frame subjected to earthquakes. The test focused on evaluating (1) the seismic performance of a sandwiched BRB installed in a frame, (2) the effects of free‐edge stiffeners and dual gusset configurations on the corner gusset behavior, (3) the frame and brace action forces in the corner gusset, and (4) the failure mode of the BRBF under the maximum considerable earthquake level. The subassembly frame performed well up to a drift of 2.5% with a maximum axial strain of 1.7% in the BRB. Without free‐edge stiffeners, the single corner gusset plate buckled at a significantly lower strength than that predicted by the specificationof American Institute of Steel Construction (2005). The buckling could be eliminated by using dual corner gusset plates similar in size to the single gusset plate. At low drifts, the frame action force on the corner gusset was of the same magnitude as the brace force. At high drifts, however, the frame action force significantly increased and caused weld fractures at column‐to‐gusset edges. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed on the three‐story BRBF to obtain seismic demands under both design and maximum considerable levels of earthquake loading. The analytical results confirmed that the BRB and corner gusset plate achieved peak drift under cyclic loading test. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pre‐ and post‐test mathematical modelling of a plan‐asymmetric reinforced concrete frame building

Pre‐ and post‐test analyses of the structural response of a three‐storey asymmetric reinforced concrete frame building were performed, aimed at supporting test preparation and performance as well as studying mathematical modelling. The building was designed for gravity loads only. Full‐scale pseudo‐dynamic tests were performed in the ELSA laboratory in Ispra. In the paper the results of initial parametric studies, of the blind pre‐test predictions, and of the post‐test analysis are summarized. In all studies a simple mathematical model, with one‐component member models with concentrated plasticity was employed. The pre‐test analyses were performed using the CANNY program. After the test results became available, the mathematical model was improved using an approach based on a displacement‐controlled analysis. Basically, the same mathematical model was used as in pre‐test analyses, except that the values of some of the parameters were changed. The OpenSees program was employed. Fair agreement between the test and numerical results was obtained. The results prove that relatively simple mathematical models are able to adequately simulate the detailed seismic response of reinforced concrete frame structures to a known ground motion, provided that the input parameters are properly determined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic behaviour of self‐centring braced frame buildings with reusable hysteretic damping brace

This paper presents the seismic behaviour of a concentrically braced frame system with self‐centring capability, in which a special type of bracing element termed reusable hysteretic damping brace (RHDB) is used. The RHDB is a passive energy dissipation device with its core energy‐dissipating component made of superelastic Nitinol wires. Compared with conventional bracing in steel structures, RHDB has a few prominent performance characteristics: damage free under frequent and design basis earthquakes in earthquake prone areas; minimal residual drifts due to the self‐centring capability of RHDB frame; and ability to survive several strong earthquakes without the need for repair or replacement. This paper also includes a brief discussion of the RHDB's mechanical configuration and analytical model for RHDB. The seismic performance study of RHDB frame was carried out through a non‐linear time history analysis of 3‐storey and 6‐storey RHDB frame buildings subjected to two suites of 20 earthquake ground motions. The analysis results were compared with buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) frames. This study shows that RHDB frame has a potential to outperform BRB frames by eliminating the residual drift problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Subassemblage cyclic loading test of RC frame with buckling restrained braces in zigzag configuration

A new buckling restrained braced frame system is proposed for reinforced concrete building structures, which is featured by the zigzag configuration of the braces and the corresponding connection details. The connection details tend to separate the vertical and horizontal components of force imposed by the braces to be resisted by independent structural components to make the behavior of the connection easier to estimate and control. The performance of the brace connection details was evaluated through cyclic load testing on 1/2‐scale subassemblies of the proposed system, each of which consisted of a reinforced concrete part and a set of buckling restrained braces. To simplify the test control, the specimens were rotated 90° in the test and were loaded by two displacement controlled actuators. The test results show that the normal and the shear resistance of the gusset plate connection are essentially independent of each other. However, the rotation of the gusset plate with respect to the beam‐to‐column joint may result in nonuniform force distribution of the anchor bolts, the primary resistance for tensile force. At the same time, such rotation may also subject the concrete corbels, the primary shear resistance, to unfavorable tensile force. In addition, it is also confirmed that the buckling restrained braces performed well in the proposed system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of rectangular closed diaphragm walls in gently sloping liquefiable deposits subjected to different earthquake ground motions

The performance of rectangular closed diaphragm walls(RCDW) subjected to earthquake ground motions is extremely complicated in gently sloping liquefiable deposits and requires further investigation. A nonlinear finite element(FE) model was developed to investigate the seismic performance of an RCDW in the OpenSees platform. Initially, the feasibility of the FE model to simulate the seismic behavior of the RCDW was validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The numerical results agree well with the centrifuge test data. Then, the calibrated model was used to study the seismic performance of the RCDW subjected to different ground motions in gently sloping liquefiable deposits.The numerical results indicate that the soil-RCDW system under near-fault ground motions is more likely to be damaged than that under far-fault ground motions. The difference between the maximum and minimum(D_(max-min)) the RCDW displacement and the maximum excess pore pressure in the soil core increased as the Arias intensity increased. The seismic response of the soil-RCDW system was strongly affected by the frequency content, durations, energy distribution and initial directions of the ground motions. Moreover, the modified specific energy density(MSED) has a good linear relationship with the D_(max-min) of the RCDW displacement.