那曲、和田台阵对汶川地震序列的定位误差校正

针对汶川地震序列,利用慢度-方位角台站校正( SASC)法来提高那曲、和田2 个台阵的定位精度。结果显示,那曲台阵对汶川地震序列定位后,其后方位角和慢度残差的标准偏差在校正后分别降低了32% 和58% ;和田台阵的分别降低了38% 和71% 。校正后,那曲台阵记录的汶川地震序列中100% 的地震都提高了定位精度;和田台阵记录的所有地震的后方位角精度均得到提高,78% 的地震其慢度精度得到了提高。     

上海地震台阵的地震定位方法

详细介绍了上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统中的地震定位方法，用台阵的聚束方法得到地震的方位角和视慢度，根据统计得到的视慢度－震中距表推算震中距。并结合了地震台网的定位方法，由单台记录的各类主要震相从J－B走时表得到震中距，然后进行地震定位。该定位方法可对近震、远震进行定位处理，并由深震相得到震源深度。     

上海地震台阵的地震定位方法

上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统的地震定位方法,采用台阵的聚束方法得到地震方位角和视慢度,根据统计得到的视慢度——震中距表推算震中距。并结合了地震台网的定位方法,由单台记录的各类主要震相从JB走时表得到震中距,然后进行地震定位。该定位方法可对近震、远震进行定位处理,并由深震相得到震源深度。     

上海地震台阵与台网的定位及视慢度研究

阐述了台阵的地震定位原理和视慢度在台阵与台网定位中的一些重要特性，并比较了相同位置上的上海地震台阵与台网对同一地震的定位结果。最后，对上海台队与台网导致定位误差的横向速度变化的位置和范围给出了矢量校正的结果并进行了初步讨论。     

利用FK扫描技术实现上海地震台阵资料的特殊震相识别

震相识别已经有很多方法,但对于弱震相识别的难题尚未根本解决。本文利用台阵技术能增强地震信号,压低噪声的特点,实现FK扫描技术结合台阵响应进行地震事件扫描,根据其所得的水平视慢度、方位角及其一致性实现震相识别,特别是特殊震相的识别,这些特殊震相的识别为研究地球内部结构提供了可靠的资料和有利的保障。     

兰州台阵响应函数及不同方位小地震事件FK分析结果

计算了兰州台阵不同频率的台阵响应函数,对台阵附近不同方位的4个小震进行了FK分析。结果显示兰州台阵2 Hz以下的台阵响应函数在原点附近呈现出对称的单主峰图样,而高于2Hz时台阵响应函数出现较多旁瓣,表明该台阵对于2 Hz以下的信号具有较好的分辨能力。小震的FK分析结果表明,根据甘肃省地震局地震目录和IASP91速度模型计算得到P波方位角和慢度与FK分析的结果总体上比较一致,但也存在一定差别,这种差别可能由所使用的理论模型和当地模型有差别以及未做台阵校正所引起。     

格尔木地震台阵勘址数据分析与台阵布局设计

为了增强西部地区的地震监测能力, 中国拟在格尔木地区建立一个小孔径地震台阵。 本文对台阵勘址数据进行了噪声与信号的相关性分析, 得到地震监测的最佳台间距。 结果表明, 对于近震和区域震的监测, 该台阵子台间距最好小于500 m, 对于远震的监测, 台站组合间距应为1500～2000 m。 最后将勘址布设的台阵作为初选台阵进行了台阵响应计算, 计算显示, 台阵响应的主瓣在NW-ES方向较窄, 表明对来自该方向事件的慢度分辨率较高; 由于呈“L”型分布, 该初选台阵确定某些方向地震的方位角较好, 但检测其他方向事件的方位角精度不高, 这可以通过台阵校正进行改善; 台阵响应中出现的多处侧瓣是由于子台间距较大造成的。     

上海地震台阵标定及结果分析

阐述了台阵的地震定位原理和建立台阵标定数据库的必要性。说明了如何利用上海地震台网资料和上海地震台阵建成后的资料建立台阵标定数据库，最后，对上海台阵标定的结果进行了导致定位误差的横向速度变化的位置和范围的讨论。     

兰州和海拉尔核查地震台阵慢度和方位角校正方法研究

介绍了一种地震台阵慢度和方位角格点校正方法,在预定义的格点空间调整校正慢度和方位角,从而消除系统偏差,提高地震台站慢度与方位角估计的精度。利用该方法对我国核查地震台阵海拉尔和兰州方位角和慢度进行了校正,离线和在线的测试显示了台站慢度和方位角估计性能的提高。     

用三分量台站和台阵资料估计方位角的慢度

用ＮＯＲＥＳＳ台阵记录的短周期Ｐ波比较了用三分量台站和台阵估算方位角和慢度的能力。对垂直台阵的资料 位角和慢度用宽带频率－波数（ｆ－ｋ）分析方法得到。对三分量资料采用偏振分析方法,应用了ＮＯＲＥＳＳ公报中的波至时间和主频信息,资料处理是自动的。用ＮＥＩＳ（美国地震情报处）公报或区域台网公报的定位结果独立确定的方位角和／或慢度作参考。对１００多个远震和区域事件进行了分析。它们是从各种不距离、方位角和     

那曲、和田台阵对汶川地震序列的定位误差校正

We use the slowness-azimuth station correction （SASC） method to improve the location accuracy of the Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu and Hotan seismic arrays. The results show that the standard deviations of back-azimuth and slowness errors of Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu array decreased by 32% and 58% respectively after correction. The decrease is 38 % and 71% for the Hotan array. After the correction, the location accuracy of all Wenchuan aftershocks recorded by the Nagqu array is improved. For the Hotan array, the accuracy is improved in the slowness estimation for 78 % of aftershocks and in back-azimuth estimation for all aftershocks.     

上海地震台阵的F-K分析

频率－波数（F－K）谱分析是地震台阵数据处理基本方法之一。采用该分析方法，可以从地脉动背景中提取有用的地震信号，提高地震的定位精度。本文列举了F－K功率谱的不同计算方法，并将该方法应用于上海地震台阵所记录的地震事件。对地震和地脉动的F－K分析结果得出，地震的方位角和慢度值分别对记录长度的分布呈线性特征，而地脉动的方位角和慢度值则呈不规则分布。     

地震台阵上信号方位角和慢度的时、频域估计方法比较

地震台阵常用频率-波数分析法来估计地震信号的后方位角和慢度。尽管有关的算法是众所周知的,但不同的实现在某些情况下可能导致不同的结果。如应用在宽频带的澳大利亚WRA台阵的记录时,标准的f-k分析方法往往给出不正确的结果。本文发现错误是由FFT的频谱泄漏效应引起的,如在进行FFT之前对原始数据进行高通滤波则可以有效地避免这样的错误。进一步对在时域中直接估算信号方位角和慢度的一种算法进行了分析,比较发现时域方法的计算速度和精度都不低于频域方法,且在某些低信噪比的情况下,前者可以给出更可靠的结果。     

Considerations in Phase Estimation and Event Location Using Small-aperture Regional Seismic Arrays

The global monitoring of earthquakes and explosions at decreasing magnitudes necessitates the fully automatic detection, location and classification of an ever increasing number of seismic events. Many seismic stations of the International Monitoring System are small-aperture arrays designed to optimize the detection and measurement of regional phases. Collaboration with operators of mines within regional distances of the ARCES array, together with waveform correlation techniques, has provided an unparalleled opportunity to assess the ability of a small-aperture array to provide robust and accurate direction and slowness estimates for phase arrivals resulting from well-constrained events at sites of repeating seismicity. A significant reason for the inaccuracy of current fully-automatic event location estimates is the use of f?k slowness estimates measured in variable frequency bands. The variability of slowness and azimuth measurements for a given phase from a given source region is reduced by the application of almost any constant frequency band. However, the frequency band resulting in the most stable estimates varies greatly from site to site. Situations are observed in which regional P- arrivals from two sites, far closer than the theoretical resolution of the array, result in highly distinct populations in slowness space. This means that the f?k estimates, even at relatively low frequencies, can be sensitive to source and path-specific characteristics of the wavefield and should be treated with caution when inferring a geographical backazimuth under the assumption of a planar wavefront arriving along the great-circle path. Moreover, different frequency bands are associated with different biases meaning that slowness and azimuth station corrections (commonly denoted SASCs) cannot be calibrated, and should not be used, without reference to the frequency band employed. We demonstrate an example where fully-automatic locations based on a source-region specific fixed-parameter template are more stable than the corresponding analyst reviewed estimates. The reason is that the analyst selects a frequency band and analysis window which appears optimal for each event. In this case, the frequency band which produces the most consistent direction estimates has neither the best SNR or the greatest beam-gain, and is therefore unlikely to be chosen by an analyst without calibration data.     

Locating Small Aftershocks Using a Small-Aperture Temporary Seismic Array

In this paper, we developed a specialized method to locate small aftershocks using a small-aperture temporary seismic array. The array location technique uses the first P arrival times to determine the horizontal slowness vector of the incoming P wave, then combines it with S–P times to determine the event location. In order to reduce the influence of lateral velocity variation on the location determinations, we generated slowness corrections using events well-located by the permanent broadband network as calibration events, then we applied the corrections to the estimated slownesses. Applications of slowness corrections significantly improved event locations. This method can be a useful tool to locate events recorded by temporary fault-zone arrays in the near field but unlocated by the regional permanent seismic network. As a test, we first applied this method to 64 well-located aftershocks of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, recorded by both the Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network and a small-aperture, temporary seismic array. The average horizontal and vertical separations between our locations and the well-determined catalogue locations are 1.35 and 1.75 km, respectively. We then applied this method to 132 unlocated aftershocks recorded only by the temporary seismic array. The locations show a clear tendency to follow the surface traces of the mainshock rupture.