应用新型油阻尼器的斜拉桥横向减震体系

为解决斜拉桥横向塔-梁、墩-梁固结体系导致地震响应过大的问题,兼顾斜拉桥横向抗风、隔震需求,基于溢流阀及油阻尼器性能,设计了一种刚度可变的新型油阻尼器,进而提出油阻尼器与滑动球型钢支座、油阻尼器与叠层橡胶支座并用的两种横向减震体系。以某近海双塔双索面斜拉桥为研究对象建立有限元模型,利用时程法计算两种体系减震效果。结果表明:相对于传统的塔-梁固结体系,应用两种减震体系时,塔底弯矩分别降低44. 9%、43. 6%,塔底剪力分别降低40. 7%、39. 0%,且不会引起过大支座位移、残余位移。滑动球型钢支座刚度低,地震响应更小,但缺乏回复机制,支座残余位移稍大;叠层橡胶支座刚度较高,残余位移小,但高刚度使各构件承受更大惯性力,达到相同减震效果需阻尼器提供更高出力。两种塔-梁减震体系各有优劣,但均具有较好的减震效果,均可应用于斜拉桥横向减震。     

连续梁桥减震、隔震体系非线性地震反应分析

本文采用微分型滞回恢复力模式代表桥梁减震,隔震支座的滞回,耗能特性,结合Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ法和四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ法编制了桥梁减震,隔震体系非线性地震反应分析程序,并利用程序结合算例分析了减震,隔震支座对连续梁桥的减震效果。     

隔震桥梁减震效果分析

本文根据隔震桥梁的设计特点，分别利用非线性水平和转动弹簧单元来模拟减、隔震支座的桥梁延性塑性铰的非线性性能，计及隔震器与减震器的作用对桥梁结构非线性弹塑性动力反应进行了研究。在把桥梁结构和减震器作为整体考虑的情况下，用算例分析了隔震桥梁的减震效果。     

桥梁减震性能研究

针对当前桥梁延性抗震及减、隔震设计的研究现状，阐述了在桥梁减、隔震设计中存在的问题，并采用编制的有限元非线性动力分析程序，对设置橡胶支座的一座简支梁桥的抗震性能进行了分析，检验了减、隔震支座的减震效果，比较了普通延性抗城和普通板式橡胶支座，铅芯橡胶支座的减震特点对减、隔震桥梁的延性地震响应特性进行了初步的探讨。     

高墩大跨度铁路简支钢桁梁桥的减震性能分析

采用时程分析方法,研究了具有减隔震支座的铁路高墩大跨度简支钢桁梁桥的减震性能,探讨减隔震技术在高墩桥梁中的适用性.通过数值分析研究了采用铅芯橡胶支座、盆式橡胶支座和双曲面支座时的减震效果.计算结果表明,在铁路高墩大跨度简支钢桁梁桥上使用减隔震支座具有一定的减震效果.     

矮塔斜拉桥的减震方案对比研究

针对位于高烈度地震区的刚构连续梁体系矮塔斜拉桥的受力特点,提出了分别采用粘滞液体阻尼器、Lock-up装置及摩擦型滑动支座3种减隔震方案,并采用非线性时程反应分析方法分析了3种方案的减震效果。结果表明:3种减隔震装置对矮塔斜拉桥均有明显的减震效果,粘滞阻尼器及Lock-up装置减震效果较好,滑动摩擦支座的减震效果次之。但从结构的正常使用及结构体系的地震响应分布规律来看,粘滞液体阻尼器的减震方案最优。     

橡胶隔震支座建筑结构脉动观测与减震性能分析

通过对两幢结构相同、彼此相邻，而其中一幢采用了橡胶隔震支座减展措施的建筑物进行地脉动观测，对比地基基础和结构上的脉动时程曲线和相应功率谱曲线，利用两幢建筑结构脉动特征的差异分析研究橡胶隔震支座的减震效果。     

单层工业厂房-TMD减震控制系统研究

提出了采用质量调谐减震控制技术对厂房结构进行减震控制的方法。利用屋盖系统作为附加质量,屋盖支座采用夹层橡胶隔震垫,建立了厂房-TMD系统模型,并用非线性时程分析法对其进行了多种地震动激励下的计算分析,探讨了厂房-TMD减震体系减震效果的参数影响及减震机理。结果表明,采用质量调谐减震技术对单层工业厂房进行减震是一种有效的方法。     

基于自由振动响应的基础隔震建筑减震能力评估方法研究

目前国内外已修建完成了大量隔震建筑,但仅有少量经受了地震检验,绝大部分隔震结构减震能力能否达到设计目标尚存疑问.本文针对基础隔震建筑,提出了一种基于自由振动响应的减震能力评估方法.首先,对隔震建筑进行多级幅值初位移自由振动原位试验,获取结构的抗震能力曲线;其次,根据地震反应谱建立地震需求曲面,进而确定隔震结构性能点;最...     

减震缓冲器的设计构想

应用隔震原理可以起到减轻地震作用力的效果。在实际应用中将隔震原理转化为隔震技术,需要解决好相应的技术问题。为此,本文在这方面做了一些探索,设计了一种专用装置——减震缓冲器。该装置是通过设置核心部件——弹力钢球,使其与隔震支座配合作用,既较好地起到了化解、缓冲部分地震波的作用,同时也解决了在单独使用隔震支座时可能遇到的问题。     

基于Revit平台设计建筑模型的钢网架结构抗震性能数值模拟

研究基于Revit平台设计建筑模型的钢网架结构抗震性能数值模拟方法,对于提高钢网架结构抗震性能以及安全性具有重要应用价值。该方法依据标高和轴网的定位信息设计钢网架建筑构件及结构构件后,通过Revit软件平台确定实例钢网架结构建筑模型大体框架;采用绑定约束以及接触约束方法,分别实现建筑模型杆件-梁以及混凝土-型钢间的约束,并采用位移控制加载方法在得到的建筑模型杆顶以及梁与轴线方向加载轴向荷载和往复荷载。采用TurnTool虚拟仿真软件,进行钢网架结构抗震性数值模拟。结果显示:在低周往复荷载作用下钢网架结构荷载与位移的变化较为稳定;在低周往复荷载作用下的塑性阶段时,结构的纵向系杆对混凝土存在约束效果,构件间距越小该结构的延性就越好,纵向系杆能够提高实例钢网架结构的受力性;不同地震波作用下钢网架结构楼层节点位移随着楼层的增高而加大,证明了所设计模型的抗震模拟结果准确性较高。     

中间柱型黏滞阻尼器装配式钢框架减震性能研究

为研究黏滞阻尼器与装配式钢框架中间柱式连接的整体抗震性能,且跨内不同位置的减震效率,设计出3个足尺的三层装配式钢框架结构:无控结构、柱靠边布置结构和柱居中布置结构,利用振动试验台对其进行测试,对比研究模型结构的地震反应,并采用有限元软件SAP2000进行模拟验证。试验和数值模拟结果均表明:无控结构在地震输入下地震反应较大,对其附设黏滞阻尼器后,地震响应得到有效控制,且柱居中布置结构的附加阻尼比高于柱靠边布置结构,其减震效果更优。     

钢梁阻尼器的最佳延性率及其控制

基于双线性和三线性的力－位移滞回线假设，导出了钢梁阻尼器隔震系统等效阻尼比与阻尼器延性率的关系；为了获得大阻尼比隔震系统，以尽量减小隔震系统的地震反应，求得了使系统阻尼比为最大的阻尼器相应延性率（即最佳延性率）所需满足的条件；给出了在给定地震地面运动输入条件下，使系统阻尼器变形位移达到最佳延性率的阻尼器初始刚度和屈服位移的确定方法。     

Seismic design and evaluation of steel moment‐resisting frames with compressed elastomer dampers

This paper evaluates the hysteretic behavior of an innovative compressed elastomer structural damper and its applicability to seismic‐resistant design of steel moment‐resisting frames (MRFs). The damper is constructed by precompressing a high‐damping elastomeric material into steel tubes. This innovative construction results in viscous‐like damping under small strains and friction‐like damping under large strains. A rate‐dependent hysteretic model for the compressed elastomer damper, formed from a parallel combination of a modified Bouc–Wen model and a non‐linear dashpot is presented. The model is calibrated using test data obtained under sinusoidal loading at different amplitudes and frequencies. This model is incorporated in the OpenSees [17] computer program for use in seismic response analyses of steel MRF buildings with compressed elastomer dampers. A simplified design procedure was used to design seven different systems of steel MRFs combined with compressed elastomer dampers in which the properties of the MRFs and dampers were varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance, which is similar to or better than the performance of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic codes. Based on the results of nonlinear seismic response analyses, under both the design basis earthquake and the maximum considered earthquake, target properties for a new generation of compressed elastomer dampers are defined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lessons from the seismic behavior of a steel grid roof structure heavily damaged in Lushan earthquake

The seismic behavior of a school gymnasium, whose steel grid roof was heavily damaged during the Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake in 2013, is simulated through nonlinear dynamic analysis. The simulated damage is compared with field observations to validate the numerical model, based on which a parametric study was performed to provide insight into the failure process and damage patterns of steel grids. The results suggest that the grid damage is strongly related to roofsubstructure interactions. These include not only the substructure's amplification of the vibration, but the uncoordinated displacement of the substructure's columns which support the grid also play an equally important role. In particular, the latter effect may significantly alter the internal force distribution in the steel grid and lead to unexpected buckling of members that are proportioned as tension-only members. While such interactions are generally not accounted for in the design practice for grid structures in China, similar seismic damage may be expected for other existing grid roofs in future earthquakes. As is also demonstrated in this study, seismic isolation of the roof is a promising solution to protect grid roof structures by mitigating the detrimental effects of roof-substructure interactions.     

Towards a seismic design method for plane steel frames using equivalent modal damping ratios

A method for seismic design of plane steel moment resisting frames based on the use of equivalent modal damping ratios is developed. The method determines the design base shear of the structure through spectrum analysis using rationally obtained equivalent modal damping ratios instead of the crude strength reduction (behavior) factor. An equivalent linear structure, which retains the mass and initial stiffness of the original non-linear structure and takes into account geometrical non-linearity and inelasticity in the form of equivalent, time-invariant, modal damping ratios is established. The equivalent damping ratios for the first few significant modes are numerically computed by first iteratively forming a frequency response transfer function modulus until it satisfies certain smoothness criteria and then by solving a set of non-linear algebraic equations. Thus, design equations providing equivalent damping ratios as functions of period and allowable deformation and damage are constructed using extensive numerical data coming from plane steel moment resisting frames excited by various seismic motions. These equations can be used in conjunction with a design spectrum, appropriately constructed for high damping values, and modal synthesis tools to calculate the seismic design forces of the structure. The proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples. It is concluded that unlike the usual approach of seismic codes employing a single common value of the strength reduction factor value for all modes, the proposed approach working with deformation and damage dependent equivalent modal damping ratios leads to more accurate and deformation and damage controlled results.     

钢板阻尼墙基于Bouc-Wen模型的模拟和工程应用研究

钢板阻尼墙抗震性能好,设计自由度大,在工程中使用越来越多。为了更高精度地模拟钢板阻尼墙的力学性能,提出基于Bouc-Wen模型的模拟分析方法。给出一种基于Bouc-Wen模型钢板阻尼墙参数辨识方法,根据试验数据和仿真结果的验证对比,文中提出的模拟方法可以较好地反映钢板阻尼墙的的力学性能曲线。该模拟方法可得到较好的仿真效果,对实际工程设计分析钢板阻尼墙对结构的抗震性能影响有高精度、数据化的帮助,可为进一步工程应用和设计分析提供参考。     

增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究

提出一种组合型减震结构,由钢框架、节点阻尼器和原结构连接组成,外附钢框架将节点阻尼器连接在原混凝土框架结构上形成的增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构,节点阻尼器的剪切滞回变形可以减小结构自身需要消耗的能量,从而提高原结构抗震性能。对原混凝土结构和增设节点阻尼器的组合型结构进行了的振动台试验。通过分析结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应,得出楼层加速度和层位移的减震效果。研究结果表明:该结构体系在小震作用下通过提高结构刚度来增强其抗震性能;在大震作用下则可借助节点阻尼器的变形耗能来提升结构耗能能力,结构加速度减震系数达到53%,层间位移减震系数高达72%,验证了增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构的减震效果。     

Seismic performance and probabilistic collapse resistance assessment of steel moment resisting frames with fluid viscous dampers

This paper evaluates the seismic resistance of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with supplemental fluid viscous dampers against collapse. A simplified design procedure is used to design four different steel MRFs with fluid viscous dampers where the strength of the steel MRF and supplemental damping are varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance that is similar to or higher than that of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic design codes. Based on the results of nonlinear time history analyses and incremental dynamic analyses, statistics of structural and non‐structural response as well as probabilities of collapse of the steel MRFs with dampers are determined and compared with those of conventional steel MRFs. The analytical frame models used in this study are reliably capable to simulate global frame collapse by considering full geometric nonlinearities as well as the cyclic strength and stiffness deterioration in the plastic hinge regions of structural steel members. The results show that, with the aid of supplemental damping, the performance of a steel MRF with reduced design base shear can be improved and become similar to that of a conventional steel MRF with full design base shear. Incremental dynamic analyses show that supplemental damping reduces the probability of collapse of a steel MRF with a given strength. However, the paper highlights that a design base shear equal to 75% of the minimum design base shear along with supplemental damping to control story drift at 2% (i.e., design drift of a conventional steel MRF) would not guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. At 75% design base shear, a tighter design drift (e.g., 1.5% as shown in this study) is needed to guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双磁场控制的磁流变减震结构振动台试验研究

传统磁流变减隔振器通常由线圈持续供电,不仅增大耗能,也会减少器件的使用寿命。基于磁流变凝胶(MRG)的剪切工作原理,运用剪切型结构设计一种新型磁流变凝胶减震装置,采用永磁体和线圈共同控制磁场大小和方向,通过改变磁流变凝胶的磁化程度实现阻尼力大小的控制。将该装置安装在一2层钢框架结构模型的底层,采用恒定电流控制法开展磁流变减震结构振动台试验研究,分析不同电流下减震结构系统对不同地震波的振动控制效果。试验结果表明:该磁流变凝胶减震装置能够显著降低结构的动力响应,对于不同的地震波其减震效果有所差异,随着峰值加速度的增加其减震效果有所下降。