内藏X形软钢板铅复合耗能器的试验研究

遵循“综合利用不同耗能原理或机制来设计新型耗能减震器”思想,研制了内藏X形软钢板铅复合耗能器,并对三种不同构造方式的软钢铅复合耗能器以及一种软钢组合耗能器进行了循环加载的对比试验,分析了这四种耗能器的工作性能与耗能性能,揭示了耗能机制。研究结果表明：内藏X形软钢板铅复合耗能器具有初始刚度较大、极限承载力较高、变形能力与耗能性能良好的特点。因为这种耗能器造价低廉、构造简单、安装方便,有一定的应用价值。     

圆环耗能器的试验研究

对软钢圆环耗能器进行了低周反复荷载试验和分析，考察了圆环耗能器的工作特性和耗能性能，揭示了圆环耗能器的耗能机理和规律，并通过对不同设计参数圆环耗能器的对比试验，考查了设计参数对圆环耗能器性能的影响，提出了改进方案。     

钢屈服—摩擦复合耗能器的性能研究

本文提出了“综合利用不同耗能原理和机制来设计新型耗能器”的思想,研究开发了钢屈服－摩擦复合耗能器,并对其进行了性能试验和对比试验,考察了耗能器的工作性能和耗能性能。给出了耗能器的恢复力模型,研究结果表明,钢屈服－摩擦复合耗能器利用钢屈服滞回和摩擦两种机制耗能,具有稳定的工作性能,耗能能力强且可调节,构造简单,形状紧凑,体积小,造价低,制作与安装方便,是一种有广阔应用前景的新型耗能减震装置。     

新型SMA耗能器及结构地震反应控制试验研究

利用NiTi合金丝的超弹性性能，本文提出了两种新型SMA被动耗能器，分别称之为拉伸型SMA耗能器和剪刀型SMA耗能器。通过对耗能器的构造设计，安装在耗能器中的NiTi丝始终处于受拉状态，避免了合金丝在结构振动过程中受压屈曲。文中阐述了拉伸型SMA耗能器和剪刀型SMA耗能器的构造及工作原理，并将其安装在模型结构上进行了地震模拟振动台试验，验证了新型SMA耗能器的减振效果。     

新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究

本文阐述了耗能减震的概念和原理,提出了耗能减震器设计的新思想,研制开发了多种新型实用耗能（阻尼）减震器,并对其中的圆环耗能器、双环耗能器、架颈圆环耗能器、弹塑性－摩擦复合耗能器等进行了循环荷载试验,考察了耗能器代作性能和耗能性能,对已装与未装耗能减震器的钢筋混凝土框架模型进行了伪动力对比实验,进一步考察了耗能减震器的减震效果。在试验研究的基础上,地耗能（阻尼）减震结构体系的分析方法进行了研究,并编     

磁流变耗能器性能的试验研究

磁流变耗能器是新型的智能型耗能器,是实现半主动控制的理论元件。本文在文献「３」的基础上设计制作了磁流变耗能器是新型的试验研究了耗能器的磁场强度,阻尼性能和响应时间,为此类耗能器用于结构被动减振和主动控制提供了基础。     

摩擦型与软钢屈服型耗能器的性能与减振效果的试验比较

本文通过两类四种百余个耗能器（其中摩擦类型的两种，普遍摩擦型和Ｐａｌｌ摩擦型；软钢屈服类型的两种：Ｘ钢板和三角钢板屈服型）的静力反复加载和低周疲劳试验，进一步了解这些耗能器的滞回特性和疲劳性能。其次，通过分别安装上述四种耗能器的单层剪切型钢框架模型在输入地震动分别为ＥＩＣｅｎｔｒｏ、Ｔａｆｔ和天津记录等五十余种工况下的振动台试验，较全面地揭示了这些耗能器的减振效果。最后，在试验的基础上较好地建立了     

耗能减震结构的受力分析与层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法

本文研究了安装粘弹性耗能器结构在常遇地震作用下层间最大剪力的分配情况 ,给出了层间最大剪力在结构构件与耗能器之间按刚度分配原则进行假想分配后 ,所得假想层间构件力与层间最大构件力之间的关系 ,以及假想层间附加力与层间最大附加力之间的关系 ,探讨了罕遇地震作用下安装粘弹性耗能器结构与安装软钢耗能器结构的层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法。     

加劲圆环耗能器性能的试验研究

本文提出了“耗能器应具有多道耗能减震防线”的思想,研究了设计了国圆环耗能器,并对其进行了循环加试验,考察了耗能器的工作用耗能性能。     

摩擦耗能器的类型与性能及其在实际工程中的应用

摩擦耗能器是一种构造简单、耗能机理明确、耗能能力大且性能稳定的耗能减震装置,在实际工程中已得到较为广泛的应用.主要介绍不同类型摩擦耗能器的构造与性能及其在实际工程中的应用,并提出了摩擦耗能器在开发与应用中需进一步研究解决的问题.     

Formulation of elastic earthquake input energy spectra

The object of this paper is to introduce a procedure for the determination of elastic design earthquake input energy spectra taking into account the influence of magnitude, soil type and distance from the surface projection of the fault. Firstly, an accurate selection of a large set of representative records has been realized. Secondly, the construction of the design input energy spectra has required determining the spectral shapes and a normalization factor which measures seismic hazard in terms of energy. This factor, denoted as the seismic hazard energy factor, has been defined as the area under the earthquake input energy spectrum in the period interval between 0·05 and 4·0 s. Finally, due to the importance of the source-to-site distance in the evaluation of the input energy, an investigation into the attenuation of the seismic hazard energy factor has been carried out. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢框架-钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的地震能量反应分析

以17个钢框架-钢筋混凝土剪力墙混合结构为样本,选取结构自振周期T和结构刚度特征值λ作为分析参数,分析它们在不同类型地震动下的地震能量反应。研究表明,混合结构体系在地震作用下总输入能的大小主要与结构的自振周期以及地震动类型有关,剪力墙与钢框架之间的刚度关系对总输入能影响不大;总输入能等效速度谱的形态受地震动类型的影响很大,同一地震动作用下,幅值与等效速度谱值之间基本能够维持线性增长的关系,但随着结构塑性发展的加剧,这种线性增长关系的离散度会变大;在结构自振周期不变化的前提下,结构的滞回耗能比以及底部剪力墙承担滞回耗能的比例都会随结构刚度比的增大而减小。     

公路简支梁桥的地震能量响应分析

利用有限元软件SAP2000建立了某公路简支梁桥的有限元模型,以7条典型强震记录为输入,研究了公路简支梁桥的地震能量响应及其分配规律。结果表明:①地基柔性效应对公路简支梁桥的地震能量响应及其分配规律的影响较小;②当场地土质变软时,地震总输入能、结构阻尼耗能和结构阻尼耗能比均呈递增趋势,而结构滞回耗能和结构滞回耗能比则不断减小,即地基土体作为桥梁动力系统的一部分,增大了系统阻尼,并分担了部分非弹性变形;③随着PGA增大,输入结构的地震能量也增加,导致塑性铰的非弹性变形增加,即结构滞回耗能和结构阻尼耗能增大。     

地球形成和演化过程中的分异能计算方法研究

地球形成初期,构成地球的物质在组成上是大致均一的.目前地球的地核-地幔-地壳圈层结构,是由分异作用形成的.分异过程释放的能量称为分异能.Sorokhtin和Chilingarian等人从行星吸积的定义出发,导出了基于地球内部密度分布的势能计算公式,计算出的分异能大小为1.698×1031J.本文采用计算球体势能的思路,导出分异能计算的解析公式和数值计算公式,通过求取原始地球模型与均匀分层模型、PREM模型的势能差计算分异能.两种方法的计算结果分别为1.535×1031J和1.698×1031J.前者与Sorokhtin等的结果相近,后者与之相同.本文初步分析了方法间的异同以及造成结果偏差的主要原因.     

Evaluation of response and energy in actively controlled structures

A computational method of energy evaluation is derived to study the elastic responses and energy distribution of actively controlled single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structures during earthquakes. Contrary to the common perception that applying active control force pumps energy into the structure, the applied control force can actually reduce the energy in the structure by reducing the input energy from earthquakes to the structure. In addition, applying control force can dissipate a large amount of energy in the structure when this control force is applied in the direction opposite to the displacement and velocity responses. To demonstrate this energy mechanism in active controlled structures, the two most popular control algorithms, optimal linear control (OLC) and instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithms, are used to calculate the control response and energy spectra. One‐step time delay is incorporated into the algorithms to take into consideration the practical aspect of active control. The effects of different earthquakes and damping ratios on control energy and response spectra are studied. These studies show that both OLC and IOC are very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses by reducing the input earthquake energy as well as dissipating a large amount of energy in the structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved input energy spectrum verified by the shake table tests

Input energy is the principal component of the energy balance equation. It is beneficial to determine, through its components, how the recoverable and irrecoverable energies are distributed within the structural elements. Several equations and attenuation relations to define mass-normalized input energy spectra exist in the literature. They are mainly proposed for elastic systems subjected to far-fault EQs. There is a lack of experimental verification of these proposed spectra. In this paper, experimental assessment was performed to the existing spectra, and further improvements were accomplished. For this purpose, steel cantilever columns were tested on the shake table for two specific historical EQs coincidently having similar spectral acceleration values. Based on the experimental results, a three-part mass-normalized relative input energy spectrum was formulated including soil type, EQ (corner period, intensity, duration, spectral acceleration, and velocity), and structural behavioral characteristics (period and structural damping). The proposed input energy spectrum was experimentally calibrated and numerically validated for various EQs featuring near- and far-field types. Analytical and experimental comparisons were made between the previously developed spectrum and the newly proposed one. The validation studies and the statistical evaluations exposed that the proposed spectrum yielded better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.     

Evaluation of seismic energy demand

In this paper, a method is proposed in order to obtain a simplified representation of hysteretic and input energy spectra. The method is based on the evaluation of the equivalent number of cycles correlated to the earthquake characteristics by the proposed seismic index I_D. This procedure allows us to obtain peak values of the hysteretic and input energy that depend on the demanded ductility, on the seismic index I_D and on the peak pseudo‐velocity. The assessment of the input energy represents a first step towards the definition of a damage potential index capable of taking into account the effect of the duration of the ground motions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于能量的新型消能摇摆结构体系抗震性能研究

利用能量法分析新型消能摇摆结构体系在地震动过程中的耗能机制,并对其抗震性能进行系统研究。以某已建成的6层框架结构为研究对象,建立新型消能摇摆结构体系的计算模型,利用Opensees软件获得新型消能摇摆结构体系在不同地震动激励下的动力响应,分析其各子结构的耗能部位及所占比例。结果表明:新型消能摇摆结构体系的耗能机制更为合理,其抗震性能优于传统结构体系,为工程设计和研究提供一些参考。     

隔震换能结构体系的能量分析

将换能器安装在隔震结构的隔震层处,由结构和换能装置构成隔震换能结构体系,它既可以将地震输入给结构的部分能量转换成液压能,实现地震能量的转换,又能减小隔震层的水平位移,降低对隔震层的技术要求,降低造价。本文详细研究地震输给隔震换能结构体系的能量在体系各部分的分配,并与普通隔震结构对比,从能量的角度揭示隔震换能体系的换能控制原理。     

Stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir and their control on the coal-bed gas reservoir formation

Stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir, including coal-radix flexibility energy, groundwater flexibility energy and gas flexibility energy (hereinafter "three energy"), depends on the energy homeostasis system, the core process of which is the effective transfer of energy and the geological selective process. Combining with the mechanics experimentations of coal samples, different flexibility energy has been analyzed and researched quantificationally, and a profound discussion to their controls on the coal-bed gas reservoir formation has been made. It is shown that when gas reservoir is surrounded by edge water and bottom water, the deposited energy in the early phase of forming gas reservoir is mostly coal-radix and gas flexibility energy, but the effect of groundwater flexibility energy increases while water-body increases. The deposited energy in the middle and later phase of forming gas reser voir is mostly gas flexibility energy, which is greater than 80% of all deposited energy. In the whole process, larger groundwater body exerts greater influences on gas accumulation. The paper indicated that higher stratum energy is more propitious to forming coal-bed gas reservoir. And higher coal-radix flexibility energy and gas flexibility energy are more propitious to higher yield of gas reservoirs, while higher groundwater flexibility energy is more propitious to stable yield of gas reservoirs. Therefore, the key to evaluating the coal-bed gas reservoir formation is the stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir.