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西部地下水资源勘查的综合地球物理问题-以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水勘查为例 总被引:1,自引:8,他引:1
西部地下水资源勘查不再是单纯的地理、地质和水文方面的问题。由于地下水的深赋存性质,决定了西部地下水的勘查与油气勘探一样,是深层的地球物理问题。地下水研究所涉及的基础地质问题、地层的含水性问题和水质问题是目前地下水水文地质研究的关键。这三个问题的有效解决,必须依靠勘探地球物理方法技术的有效运用和新方法、新技术的研究开发。本文在阐述地下水水文地质研究现状和面临问题的同时,就目前地球物理勘探技术的发展水平和在西部的发展状况,以鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查为例,提出了利用已有物探资料为地下水勘查服务的地球物理解决方案,从理论方法上证明其可行性,并提出了建立示范区研究的必要性,以期对目前正兴起的西部水资源研究提供参考。 相似文献
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根据已有地质和地球物理研究结果,北京东部平原地区存在多条第四纪隐伏活动断裂。为了查明该区基岩面的起伏情况、断裂的空间展布以及深部断面的延伸情况,2010年初,在北京顺义区庙卷村和朝阳区孙河地区附近完成了2条可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面。文中介绍了可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)隐伏活动断裂勘探的特点、资料采集过程及数据处理方法,结合区域地质资料对研究区域进行了综合地质解释。结果表明:CSAMT法在隐伏活动断裂探测中能给出工区内断裂的构造位置、倾向、断距以及发育规模,为地质分析工作提供可靠的基础资料。CSAMT法已经成为隐伏活动断裂探测中一种重要的地球物理手段,在城市活动断裂探测中发挥着重要的作用。 相似文献
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哈萨克斯坦地震研究所开展岩石圈特征的基础物理研究主要是:根据地球物理和地质基准建立的经验关系方程可以揭示出岩石圈中明显的物理界面,可以提出地球物理参数之间有相关性的根据;应用查明的规律性可以客观地分析超覆构造区和山区的资料。着重研究了与形成地震成因带典型模式基础同样的岩石圈体模式的建立;用综合物理参数和岩石物质组分资料描述了模式的特征;在哈萨克地盾、图兰板块和天山区内发现了速度和密度都有很大区别的四种地壳;解释了重力观测场的不同高度;查明了哈萨克斯坦地壳的三层结构;提出了比以前的康腊界面双层模式更新的解释地球物理资料的方法。 相似文献
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日喀则地质资料匮乏,地球物理勘探资料更加稀缺,该地区在此之前没有开展过地震勘探的工作.本文针对日喀则地区活动断裂,采用夯源为人工震源的浅层地震勘探方法,结合小折射调查低速层,详细讨论工作中的关键性技术问题;提出在该地区地质条件下实施隐伏断裂勘探时的地震仪器选择、方案设计、参数选取、数据处理、断层识别的基本方法;查明拉堆—乃东断裂、抓各落断裂、毕定—甲舍拉断裂、甲岗—谢通门断裂的走向、产状、上断点埋深及其在地表的垂直投影位置等主要参数.为日喀则地区的深浅构造关系等研究提供基础资料,填补该地区地球物理勘探资料的空白. 相似文献
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深地震反射剖面技术是探测岩石圈精细结构的有效手段.通常情况下工区地质情况复杂,尤其在盆山结合部位,地表地形起伏大,地下构造复杂,其深地震反射资料具有低信噪比、干扰强、构造复杂等特点,给后续处理和解释造成很大困难,因此获得真实的叠加剖面是地质解释的前提和基础.复杂地区低信噪比深地震反射资料处理的关键是做好静校正和去噪工作.本文以若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带接合部位深地震反射资料作为例,通过方法试验和参数测试,找到适合该工区的静校正方法和去噪技术,得到较好的处理结果,为揭示若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带结合部位的细结构提供了可靠的依据. 相似文献
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SHALLOW STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZHUYANGGUAN-XIAGUAN FAULT IN THE NANYANG BASIN
The Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a major fault in the Nanyang Basin. Together with the the Shangxian-Danfeng fault in the south and the Tieluzi fault in the north, it serves as the north boundary of the East Qingling Mountains, as well as the dividing line between North China and South China blocks. This work studied the spatial extension, activity and shallow structure of Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan Fault by combination of shallow seismic exploration of three profiles across the fault and a composite drilling cross-section data.
The anti-interference and high resolution shallow seismic reflection exploration method based on Vibseis techniques was used in the seismic survey. The results show the existence of the main fault and its southern branch. It can be determined that the the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a NWW-trending normal fracture. The composite drilling cross-section reveals that the buried depth of the fault's up-breakpoint is about 17.6 to 20.5 meters and the latest active time is the late Middle Pleistocene.
As one of the major buried faults in the Nanyang Basin, the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault has restricted the development of Nanyang City for a long time due to its unclear location and activity characteristics. The results of this study can provide geological and geophysical evidence for seismic risk assessment and site selection for the major lifeline projects in Nanyang City. 相似文献
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高密度空间采样地震数据特点分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国陆相沉积盆地的地质结构复杂,储层岩性的多变,需要有高精度的勘探方法。高密度空间采样是提高地震勘探精度的一项新技术。本文简要说明了点激发和点接收技术,分析高密度空间采样的野外工作方法,介绍了Gijs j.o.Vermeer提出的对称采样原理,从波场连续性的角度探讨了高密度空间采样技术。重点分析高密度空间采样数据的特点, 即:高密集的初至波有利于近地表结构的调查,可提高静校正的精度;小偏移距、小点距接收增加了浅层的有效覆盖次数,提高浅层反射的成像精度; 对规则噪声可实现无假频采样,室内的噪声分析和噪声压制的精度随着提高;高密度采集使波场连续性增强,使得各种数学变换的精度提高,有利于不同波场的分离。最后指出高密度空间采样地震勘探技术的难点在于室内数据处理,针对海量数据的分析和处理方法还需要进行深入细致的研究工作。 相似文献
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地球物理勘探技术的进展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
近年来,地球物理技术发展非常快,其重点可从下列几个方面进行综述:1)电子和计算机技术的迅猛发展是推动物探技术发展的源泉。2)地震装备和采集技术的时展是基于三维和高分辨率勘探的需求。3)地震资料处理从传统批处理向勘探、开发交互处理方向演变。4)面临当今信息爆炸的情况下,地震解释将综合更多的信息以降低石油勘探开发的风险。5)开采地球物理和地震反演近年来有长足的进展。6)其他学科的一些新理论和新算法已在 相似文献
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THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PANGUSI-XINXIANG FAULT IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TAIHANG MOUNTAINS 下载免费PDF全文
Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is a great-scale, deep-incising buried active fault in the southern margin of the Taihang Mountains. In order to find out the location, characteristics, structure and activities of Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault, shallow reflection profiles with six lines crossing the buried faults were carried out. In this paper, based on the high-resolution seismic data acquisition technology and high-precision processing technology, we obtained clear images of underground structures. The results show that Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is a near EW-trending Quaternary active fault and its structural features are different in different segment. The middle part of the fault behaves as a south-dipping normal fault and controls the north boundary of Jiyuan sag; The eastern part of the fault is a north-dipping normal fault and a dividing line of Wuzhi uplift and Xiuwu sag. The shallow seismic profiles reveal that the up-breakpoint of the Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is at depth of 60~70m, which offsets the lower strata of upper Pleistocene. We infer that the activity time of this fault is in the lower strata of late Pleistocene. In this study, not only the location and characteristics of Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault are determined, but also the reliable geological and seismological evidences for the fault activity estimation are provided. 相似文献
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东海的地质研究和油气勘探已经历了三个阶段:1.利用综合地球物理方法(重力、磁力、地震反射),阐明东海的大地构造分区及其演化;2.反射地震研究得出东海陆架盆地的新生代构造图;3.在此基础上,详细地震勘探与地震地层学研究,确定出一系列钻探井位。钻探发现油气显示和工业油气流。其中,新钻井灵峰一井展示出寻找油气资源的新课题。 相似文献
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B Damotte 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1993,29(3-4)
The French Ecors program was launched in 1983 by a cooperation agreement between universities and petroleum companies. Crustal surveys have tried to find explanations for the formation of geological features, such as rifts, mountains ranges or subsidence in sedimentary basins. Several seismic surveys were carried out, some across areas with complex geological structures. The seismic techniques and equipment used were those developed by petroleum geophysicists, adapted to the depth aimed at (30–50 km) and to various physical constraints encountered in the field. In France, Ecors has recorded 850 km of deep seismic lines onshore across plains and mountains, on various kinds of geological formations. Different variations of the seismic method (reflection, refraction, long-offset seismic) were used, often simultaneously. Multiple coverage profiling constitutes the essential part of this data acquisition. Vibrators and dynamite shots were employed with a spread generally 15 km long, but sometimes 100 km long.Some typical seismic examples show that obtaining crustal reflections essentialy depends on two factors: (1) the type and structure of shallow formations, and (2) the sources used. Thus, when seismic energy is strongly absorbed across the first kilometers in shallow formations, or when these formations are highly structured, standard multiple-coverage profiling is not able to provide results beyond a few seconds. In this case, it is recommended to simultaneously carry out long-offset seismic in low multiple coverage.Other more methodological examples show: how the impact on the crust of a surface fault may be evaluated according to the seismic method implemented (vibroseis 96-fold coverage or single dynamite shot); that vibrators make it possible to implement wide-angle seismic surveying with an offset 80 km long; how to implement the seismic reflection method on complex formations in high mountains.All data were processed using industrial seismic software, which was not always appropriate for records at least 20 s long. Therefore, a specific procedure adapted to deep seismic surveys was developed for several processing steps. The long duration of the vibroseis sweeps often makes it impossible to perform correlation and stack in the recording truck in the field. Such field records were first preprocessed, in order to be later correlated and stacked in the processing center. Because of the long duration of the recordings and the great length of the spread, several types of final sections were replayed, such as: (1) detailed surface sections (0–5 s), (2) entire sections (0–20 s) after data compression, (3) near-trace sections and far-trace sections, which often yield complementary information.Standard methods of reflection migration gave unsatisfactory results. Velocities in depth are inaccurate, the many diffractions do not all come from the vertical plane of the line, and the migration software is poorly adapted to deep crustal reflections. Therefore, migration is often performed graphically from arrivals picked in the time section. Some line-drawings of various onshore lines, especially those across the Alps and the Pyrenees, enable to judge the results obtained by Ecors. 相似文献
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三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正 总被引:18,自引:6,他引:18
在地表一致性模型的基础上提出一种可适用于宽线剖面、弯曲测线、传统的二维和目前广泛使用的三维地震观测.在地形及近地表低降速带地质结构复杂的探区,低降速带厚度及速度估算的精度是静校正处理的关键.本研究根据三维地震观测的初至走时数据,利用最小平方与QR分解相结合的算法,在三维空间重建近地表低降速带速度模型,根据重建速度模型实现了静校正长波长分量与短波长分量的同步计算.分析了复杂的近地表低降速带模型初至波的性质,在观测值的自动拾取以及理论值的计算中充分考虑了可能成为初至波的直达波、折射波和反射波的利用,提高了低降速带速度模型反演的精度.在初至走时观测数据的拾取中,本研究采用分形算法克服了初至波波形差异以及折射波相位反转导致的拾取误差,实现了三维初至拾取的大规模全自动化运算.在射线路径与初至波理论走时的计算中,本研究采用一种计算量与模型复杂程度无关的三维射线追踪方法,该方法以最小走时射线路径保证了与观测数据有同等意义的初至波的射线追踪及理论走时的计算.野外实际资料的处理结果表明了方法的有效性. 相似文献
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文中讨论了在浅层地震勘探中地质结构和构造的复杂性以及对浅层地震勘探成果要求精度较高的特殊性,指出了在浅层地震勘探中发展叠前深度偏移的重要性,并对相移法叠前深度偏移的基本原理和实现方法进行了详细论述,编制了相应的软件。通过使用该方法对 2种理论试验模型进行试算,获得的深度偏移剖面层位清晰,构造明显,较准确地体现了理论模型地质结构和构造的特征,效果良好。然后又使用实际浅层地震反射资料进行了叠前偏移计算,所得结果与已知地质结构和构造相吻合,也取得了较好的结果,证实了该方法及软件的可靠性和实用性,可用于实际浅层地震反射勘探资料的叠前深度偏移处理 相似文献