梯段板不同构造对框架结构地震反应的影响

为检验混凝土框架结构设置楼梯隔震防倒塌支座的效果,利用ETABS有限元软件建立计入楼梯、不计入楼梯、设置滑动支座和隔震防倒塌支座的4个框架结构模型,进行地震作用下梯段板下端不同构造措施对框架结构地震反应影响的对比分析。研究结果表明:与不考虑楼梯作用相比,设置隔震防倒塌支座后,钢筋混凝土框架结构的周期、振型、地震作用、层间位移、框架梁柱和楼梯梁柱的地震内力等均未明显变化,表明隔震防倒塌支座能有效地卸去梯段板的斜撑作用;与滑动支座结构相比,隔震防倒塌支座结构沿地震动输入方向的水平滑动位移基本相同,同时减小了梯段板竖向翘起位移。     

芦山地震框架结构震害分析

根据芦山地震现场考察结果,介绍了框架结构房屋填充墙、楼梯、柱、梁、板、玻璃幕墙、飘窗和吊顶的震害特征,并为增强框架结构房屋防震减灾能力提出建议:(1)经过抗震设计并且按照规范施工的钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋具有良好的抗震性能,值得推广应用;(2)框架结构楼梯间墙体震害相对较重,建议完善框架结构楼梯间的设计方法和抗震构造措施;(3)注意填充墙对整体结构的抗震贡献和影响,要加强填充墙与框架梁柱的构造连接措施,可以选用轻质材料与框架柔性连接,并避免填充墙倒塌伤人;(4)要重视玻璃幕墙与主体结构的连接构造,避免玻璃幕墙脱落伤人;(5)对吊顶和广告牌等非结构构件,要做好构造和连接,防止坠落造成人员伤害。     

不同类型结构中楼梯受力性能研究

通过对有楼梯的框架结构、框架-剪力墙结构和剪力墙结构的地震反应分析,研究了不同类型结构中楼梯构件的受力性能。结果表明,在框架结构中当楼梯与主体结构共同工作时,楼梯中梯段板、梯梁和梯柱等构件的内力显著增大,且受力状态复杂,从而造成楼梯构件不同程度的破坏;在框架-剪力墙结构和剪力墙结构中,当楼梯与主体结构共同工作时,楼梯中梯段板的内力明显增大,且受力状态复杂,易造成梯段板的破坏;而梯梁、梯柱等所受内力较小,不易产生破坏。     

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。     

框架结构中现浇楼梯的抗震性能分析

本文研究了框架结构的楼梯在汶川地震中出现的多种震害状况,如梯段板的断裂,框架角柱的短柱破坏,楼梯间梯柱、平台梁和平台板等构件的破坏。结合《建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)》部分规定和工程中楼梯的设计方法,分析了震害出现的原因,指出了GB 50011-2001规范中有关楼梯设计方法和构造措施的不足,给出了今后框架结构中楼梯设计和施工的相关建议。     

不规则性对基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能影响研究

为研究基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能,以备用荷载路径法为基础,采用静力非线性Pushdown方法和静力线性方法对一栋典型的收进式竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构进行分析,从备用荷载路径的抗连续倒塌机制和需求能力比两个角度研究竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构的抗连续倒塌性能,为基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考;为进一步研究结构布置形式不规则性以及裙楼和塔楼层数变化对竖向不规则基础隔震抗连续倒塌性能的影响,分别建立塔楼布置不同、裙楼与塔楼层数变化的模型进行对比研究。研究表明:除角柱失效工况自身无法产生悬链线机制外,其余底层框架柱失效工况中备用荷载路径在整个推覆倒塌过程中均表现出明显的悬链线机制;当隔震支座失效时,由于隔震层水平刚度小,相邻支座无法提供足够的侧向约束作用而难以形成明显的悬链线机制;增加结构冗余度和备用荷载路径中参与荷载传递的构件数量可以有效提高剩余结构抗连续倒塌能力;除角柱和角支座外,隔震支座失效工况DCR值普遍大于对应位置底层框架柱失效工况,备用荷载路径中某些构件的失效风险相对较大。     

基于柱顶隔震的3层3跨地铁地下车站结构抗震性能研究

针对3层3跨框架式地铁地下车站结构抗震薄弱构件,采用在柱顶不同位置设置铅芯橡胶隔震支座的方法,建立土-地下连续墙-主体结构非线性静动力耦合相互作用的二维整体时域有限元分析模型,分析柱顶隔震支座对车站主体结构的侧向变形、地震损伤和动应力反应等结构地震反应特性的影响。结果表明,仅在抗震薄弱的顶层和底层中柱柱顶设置2层隔震支座与各层中柱柱顶设置3层隔震支座均可有效减轻中柱地震损伤程度,提高车站结构整体抗震性能。然而,仅在顶、底层中柱柱顶设置2层隔震支座时,会明显加重未设置隔震支座的中间层中柱地震损伤程度。此外,柱顶隔震支座的设置会削弱隔震体系的整体抗侧移能力,从而增大地铁地下车站结构地震侧移。总体上,建议采用各层中柱柱顶均设置隔震支座的措施提升地铁地下车站结构的整体抗震性能。     

连续梁桥隔震方案比较

连续梁桥一般采用减隔震支座组成隔震支座体系进行抗震设计,不同的支座布置方式决定着结构的抗震性能与工程造价两个工程建设中主要关注的因素。在简要介绍铅芯橡胶支座的基础上,针对所有支座均设置铅芯橡胶支座以及组合使用铅芯橡胶支座与滑板支座的隔震方案,脉冲与非脉冲的两组不同地震动下,采用两种不同墩高,对墩高一致的三跨连续梁桥建立三维有限元模型进行地震响应计算,并对抗震性能与经济性进行了分析研究。结果表明,采用普通的滑板支座与铅芯橡胶联合使用同样能够获得较好的抗震性能,能有效地减少工程造价,节约成本;并且隔震支座的布置位置、墩高以及地震动输入的脉冲特性对隔震性能与经济性影响较大,对于墩高不大以及墩高基本一致的连续梁桥,当边墩设置隔震支座而中墩采用普通支座的情况下能获得良好的抗震性能与经济效益。     

构造与设计参数对消能楼梯间减震性能的影响分析

为研究不同楼梯支座构造及阻尼填充墙厚度、阻尼填充墙砌体抗压强度、阻尼层剪切强度、减震支座剪切模量等设计参数对消能楼梯间减震性能的影响,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对4种不同楼梯支座构造、15个不同设计参数共19个消能楼梯间分析模型进行数值仿真分析。结果表明:不同楼梯支座构造中,设置减震支座可提供一定的水平、竖向刚度,改善楼梯间的屈服情况,减小梯板的竖向翘起位移,有利于地震中保持楼梯的稳定性;不同减震支座设置方案均可实现以减震支座的剪切变形消除梯板支撑效应、发挥良好耗能效果的减震目标;消能楼梯间构造简单、性能稳定,常用设计参数下均表现出良好的减震性能;阻尼填充墙厚度的增加,一定程度上增大消能楼梯间的刚度、水平承载能力;阻尼填充墙砌体抗压强度的变化对楼梯间减震性能影响较小;阻尼层剪切强度的增大将减小楼梯间的屈服位移,增大阻尼填充墙的压应力,建议采用剪切强度低的阻尼层材料;减震支座的剪切模量越大,梯板竖向翘起位移越小,减震支座剪切模量宜取0.5 MPa以上。     

芦山地震砌体结构震害分析

根据芦山地震现场考察结果,论述了砌体结构房屋墙体、楼梯间、墙角、纵横墙连接、预制板楼盖与屋盖以及突出屋面附属构件的震害特征,并为提高村镇民居防震减灾能力提出7点建议:(1)设置构造柱与圈梁,可以有效提高房屋的整体性与抗倒塌能力;(2)要确保非承重窗间墙的最小宽度。当非承重窗间墙宽度过小时,其薄弱部位很容易发生破坏;(3)完善楼梯间抗震设计,提高楼梯间的抗震能力;(4)重视突出屋面的附属结构抗震设计,加强其抗震措施;(5)楼盖与屋盖用现浇钢筋混凝土板来替代预制板;(6)采用隔震减震技术,提高砌体结构的抗震性能;(7)加强村镇建房质量监管,通过培训提高工匠的技术水平。     

Numerical investigation on seismic performance of a shallow buried underground structure with isolation devices

A design procedure for improving the seismic performance of unequal-span underground structures by installing isolation devices at the top end of columns is proposed based on the seismic failure mode of frame-type underground structures and the design concept of critical support columns. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for a soil-underground structure with an unequal-span interaction system was established to shed light on the effects of a complex subway station with elastic sliding bearings (ESB) and lead rubber bearings (LRB) on seismic mitigation. It was found that the stiffness and internal force distribution of the underground structure changed remarkably with the installation of isolation devices at the top end of the columns. The constraints of the beam-column joints were significantly weakened, resulting in a decrease in the overall lateral stiffness and an increase in the structural lateral displacement. The introduction of the isolation device effectively reduces the internal force and seismic damage of the frame column; however, the tensile damage to the isolation structure, such as the roof, bottom plate, and sidewall, significantly increased compared to those of the non-isolation structure. Although the relative slip of the ESB remains within a controllable range under strong earthquake excitation as well as frame columns with stable vertical support and self-restoration functions, the LRB shows a better performance during seismic failure and better lateral displacement response of the unequal-span underground structure. The analysis results provide new ideas and references for promoting the application of seismic isolation technology in underground structures.     

大震作用下板式楼梯框架弹塑性地震反应分析

有关大震作用下楼梯与框架共同工作方面的研究还很少,采用结构有限元软件Midas/Gen,对一个5层钢筋混凝土现浇板式楼梯框架办公楼模型进行了弹塑性分析,对模型在大震作用下的受力情况进行了详细研究.通过对楼梯和框架共同工作性能的研究,并与不考虑楼梯影响的框架的工作性能进行了对比,分析了板式楼梯框架的失效机制和受力特点,指出了楼梯与框架共同工作时的受力不利部位.结果表明:楼梯相较于框架梁柱是模型的薄弱部位;模型的失效是从楼梯发展到框架,由下层发展到上层.最后根据模型的失效机制特点提出了相应的抗震措施.     

Seismic vulnerability mitigation of liquefied gas tanks using concave sliding bearings

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of a concave sliding bearing system for the seismic protection of liquefied gas storage tanks through a seismic fragility analysis. An emblematic case study of elevated steel storage tanks, which collapsed during the 1999 ?zmit earthquake at Habas Pharmaceutics plant in Turkey, is studied. Firstly, a fragility analysis is conducted for the examined tank based on a lumped-mass stick model, where the nonlinear shear behaviour of support columns is taken into account by using a phenomenological model. Fragility curves in terms of an efficient intensity measure for different failure modes of structural components demonstrate the inevitable collapse of the tank mainly due to insufficient shear strength of the support columns. A seismic isolation system based on concave sliding bearings, which has been demonstrated a superior solution to seismically protect elevated tanks, is then designed and introduced into the numerical model, accounting for its non-linear behaviour. Finally, a vulnerability analysis for the isolated tank is performed, which proves a high effectiveness of the isolation system in reducing the probability of failure within an expected range of earthquake intensity levels.     

基于专利角度的防震减灾领域技术研发态势分析

防震减灾事业发展需要高科技的支撑,从专利角度对防震减灾领域技术研发情况进行分析,有助于准确把握该领域技术全球发展态势。基于incoPat全球专利数据库对国际领域内防震减灾专利进行研究,揭示全球防震减灾领域技术的研究现状、研究热点及研发布局。结果显示：全球范围内对于防震减灾领域技术的研发一直在持续增加,2004年之后快速增长;中国在专利总量和增长率方面远超其他国家,美国专利质量整体最高;高价值专利主要包括振动传感器和加速度计、地震预警系统和报警器、抗震墙和抗震结构、隔震支座、电梯控制装置、地震应急指挥系统、地震应急处置和逃生装置、救灾机器人等。     

Lessons from the seismic behavior of a steel grid roof structure heavily damaged in Lushan earthquake

The seismic behavior of a school gymnasium, whose steel grid roof was heavily damaged during the Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake in 2013, is simulated through nonlinear dynamic analysis. The simulated damage is compared with field observations to validate the numerical model, based on which a parametric study was performed to provide insight into the failure process and damage patterns of steel grids. The results suggest that the grid damage is strongly related to roofsubstructure interactions. These include not only the substructure's amplification of the vibration, but the uncoordinated displacement of the substructure's columns which support the grid also play an equally important role. In particular, the latter effect may significantly alter the internal force distribution in the steel grid and lead to unexpected buckling of members that are proportioned as tension-only members. While such interactions are generally not accounted for in the design practice for grid structures in China, similar seismic damage may be expected for other existing grid roofs in future earthquakes. As is also demonstrated in this study, seismic isolation of the roof is a promising solution to protect grid roof structures by mitigating the detrimental effects of roof-substructure interactions.     

云南漾濞6.4级地震建筑结构震害特征调查分析

本文整理了云南大理州"5.21"6.4级地震震害调研与科考过程的部分成果。穿斗木架构结构和框架结构是云南大理州在低矮建筑和多高层建筑中广泛应用的两种结构形式。该研究基于震害调查结果,描述了地震过程中穿斗木架构结构和框架结构破坏的宏观现象,总结了两种典型结构的破坏形式,对震害成因进行了探讨。在此次震害调查过程中,科考人员还通过智能手机对结构基频进行了快速评估。在震后,研究人员对智能手机智能测振应用软件进行了更新,结合应用需求加入了测振地点和路线的地图信息,为震害调查与记录提供了便利。基于漾濞县震害科考与调研结果,为云南省穿斗木架构建筑及框架建筑的抗震方法与策略提出了建议,为震后建筑结构快速评价提供了新手段。     

强震下拱式体系桥梁震害特征及抗震研究

以汶川地震中拱式体系桥梁震害为主线,总结主拱圈、横向连接系和其它附属构件及减隔震设计拱桥的破坏情况,对国内外拱桥的震害特征及原因进行了剖析。以目前应用数量占优的钢管混凝土肋拱桥为具体背景,对拱式体系桥梁的抗震理论、抗震试验和减隔震设计进行了评述。分析认为拱式体系桥梁竖向和纵桥向抗震存在一定的安全储备,但横桥向存在明显的抗震薄弱环节。针对钢管混凝土肋拱桥横桥向振动及倒塌特点,就目前在拱式体系桥梁中引入防屈曲支撑代替横撑以形成耗能减震结构提出了建议及具体可行设计方式。     

Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Many highway bridges were severely damaged or completely collapsed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.A field investigation was carried out in the strongly affected areas and over 320 bridges were examined. Damage to some representative highway bridges is briefly described and a preliminary analysis of the probable causes of the damage is presented in this paper. The most common damage included shear-flexural failure of the pier columns, expansion joint failure, shear key failure, and girder sliding in the transversal or longitudinal directions due to weak connections between girder and bearings. Lessons learned from this earthquake are described and recommendations related to the design of curved and skewed bridges, design of bearings and devices to prevent girder collapse, and ductility of bridge piers are presented.Suggestions for future seismic design and retrofitting techniques for bridges in moderate to severe earthquake areas are also proposed.     

Shake-table tests and numerical simulation of an innovative isolation system for highway bridges

Damage investigation of small to medium-span highway bridges in Wenchuan earthquake revealed that typical damage of these bridges included: sliding between laminated-rubber bearings and bridge girders, concrete shear keys failure, excessive girder displacements and even span collapse. However, the bearing sliding could actually act as a seismic isolation for piers, and hence, damage to piers for these bridges was minor during the earthquake. Based on this concept, an innovative solation system for highway bridges with laminated-rubber bearings is developed. The system is comprised of typical laminated-rubber bearings and steel dampers. Bearing sliding is allowed during an earthquake to limit the seismic forces transmitting to piers, and steel dampers are applied to restrict the bearing displacements through hysteretic energy dissipation. As a major part of this research, a quarter-scale, two-span bridge model was constructed and tested on the shake tables to evaluate the performance of this isolation system. The bridge model was subjected to a Northridge and an artificial ground motion in transverse direction. Moreover, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the bridge model. Besides the test bridge model, a benchmark model with the superstructure fixed to the substructure in transverse direction was also included in the numerical analyses. Both the experimental and the numerical results showed high effectiveness of this proposed isolation system in the bridge model. The system was found to effectively control the pier-girder relative displacements, and simultaneously, protect the piers from severe damage. Numerical analyses also validated that the existing finite element methods are adequate to estimate the seismic response of bridges with this isolation system.