Faulting processes of the 1956 San Miguel,Baja California,earthquake sequence

Body waveform modeling is used to determine the source processes of three large earthquakes (magnitude 6.8, 6.4, 6.3) occurring between February 9 and 15, 1956 along the San Miguel fault in northern Baja California, Mexico. Results of the modeling suggest that the mainshock on February 9 was responsible for the 20 km of surface faulting observed during the sequence. Although previous researchers have suggested a complex rupture history for the mainshock, uncertainty estimates of source-time function shape indicate single or double source models fit the observed waveforms equally well. The February 15 aftershock, however, appears to have consisted of two events. Locations and focal mechanisms obtained for the three events suggest that the rupture process may have been controlled by cross faults to the main trace of the San Miguel fault. The good correlation between source parameter information and the surficial geology/geometry of the San Miguel fault zone demonstrates the usefulness of waveform modeling studies in unravelling the complexities of historic multi-event earthquake sequences.     

Relocation of the MS5.7 Earthquake Sequence in Songyuan, Jilin Province, 2018 and the Analysis of Its Seismogenic Structure

The 2018,Songyuan,Jilin M_S5. 7 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the FuyuZhaodong fault and the Second Songhua River fault. The moment magnitude of this earthquake is M_W5. 3,the centroid depth by the waveform fitting is 12 km,and it is a strike-slip type event. In this paper,with the seismic phase data provided by the China Earthquake Network, the double-difference location method is used to relocate the earthquake sequence,finally the relocation results of 60 earthquakes are obtained. The results show that the aftershock zone is about 4. 3km long and 3. 1km wide,which is distributed in the NE direction. The depth distribution of the seismic sequence is 9km-10 km. 1-2 days after the main shock,the aftershocks were scattered throughout the aftershock zone,and the largest aftershock occurred in the northeastern part of the aftershock zone. After 3-8 days,the aftershocks mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the aftershock zone. The profile distribution of the earthquake sequence shows that the fault plane dips to the southeast with the dip angle of about 75°. Combined with the regional tectonic setting,focal mechanism solution and intensity distribution,we conclude that the concealed fault of the Fuyu-Zhaodong fault is the seismogenic fault of the Songyuan M_S5. 7 earthquake. This paper also relocates the earthquake sequence of the previous magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017. Combined with the results of the focal mechanism solution,we believe that the two earthquakes have the same seismogenic structure,and the earthquake sequence generally develops to the southwest. The historical seismic activity since 2009 shows that after the magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017,the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the earthquake zone are obviously enhanced,and attention should be paid to the development of seismic activity in the southwest direction of the earthquake zone.     

1999年11月大同地震部分余震的定位及震源机制反演

北京时间1999年11月1日21时25分在山西省大同县的堡村、西团堡村一带,即39°57′N,113°52′E发生了MS5.6的地震,随后发生一系列余震。本文使用近场观测资料对这次地震的部分余震进行了精确定位和震源机制解的测定。野外观测时间是从1999年11月7日到11月18日,精确定位结果显示此次余震活动分布于近东西走向的六棱山北麓断裂和北东走向的大王隐伏断裂及北西走向团堡断裂交汇带上,地理位置在六棱山东段的秋林村至大王村段约10km处。震源机制解的结果表明此部分余震的运动形态主要为倾滑断层。但是断层走向并不完全一致,余震的震源机制解反映了处于多个断层交汇处的复杂的构造应力状态。     

The M<Subscript>W</Subscript> 4.5 Vallorcine (French Alps) earthquake of 8 September 2005 and its complex aftershock sequence

On 8 September 2005 a moderate M_W 4.5 earthquake occurred in the north-western Alps midway between Chamonix (France) and Martigny (Switzerland). The focal mechanism corresponds to a right-lateral strike-slip on a N60°E fault plane. The foreshock–mainshock–aftershock sequence is investigated on the basis of data recorded by a temporary network of 28 stations deployed for 1 month just after the mainshock, and data from permanent, regional seismic networks. Absolute and relative locations of more than 400 events are obtained with a mean uncertainty of approximately 0.2 km. Small foreshocks, the mainshock, and early and late aftershocks are located relative to the main aftershock set. The seismic sequence exhibits a surprisingly complex structure, with at least five clusters on distinct fault planes. The main elongated cluster agrees with the location of the mainshock, its hypocenter being 4.3 km below sea level. We discuss the relationship between the right-lateral fault beneath the Loriaz peak (the source of the Vallorcine event), the nearby normal Remuaz fault, and the regional seismotectonic stress field.     

结合波形互相关的双差定位方法在2008年汶川地震余震序列中的应用

选取了汶川地震主震后的2008年5月12日——2009年8月31日, 震级为3.0le;MSle;5.0的余震4240次．利用波形互相关方法得到其P波到时,用双差定位方法对其进行定位,最终得到了2441次重新定位的结果．统计定位误差（两倍标准偏差）在E-W方向为0.4 km,N-S方向为0.4 km,垂直方向为0.7 km．定位结果表明,汶川地震的余震深度集中在10——20 km,震中分布与龙门山中央断裂带的走向关系密切．沿龙门山断裂的地震分布具有明显的分段性,西南段呈水平带状分布,东北段接近垂直分布,且在北川附近存在深度突变．这与龙门山断裂的地震在西南段多表现为逆冲,东北段多表现为走滑的现象相吻合．在深度剖面上地震的空间分布存在分立的特征,通过对比前人在此地区浅层的地震剖面资料, 发现地震空间分布与已探知的浅部断层有较好的对应关系．      

2020年云南东川ML4.2地震序列精定位研究

利用云南东川地区10个宽频带流动台站的连续波形数据,采用基于深度学习的自动震相拾取方法和震相关联技术,对2020年东川M_L4.2地震序列分别进行绝对定位和相对定位,获得了该地震序列的高精度地震定位结果,得到东川M_L4.2地震序列的212个余震事件,约为中国地震台网目录给出的余震数目的5倍,丰富了M_L≤3.0余震;精定位结果表明东川M_L4.2主震震源深度为5.19 km,余震震源深度集中在3~6 km,余震序列分布长轴呈NNE向展布;此次地震发生在小江断裂带西支,发震构造与乌龙拉分盆地的构造演化有关。     

2014年11月22日康定M6.3级地震序列发震构造分析

2014年11月22日在NW向鲜水河断裂带中南段四川康定县发生M6.3级地震,11月25日在该地震震中东南约10km处再次发生M5.8级地震.基于中国国家数字地震台网和四川区域数字地震台网资料,采用多阶段定位方法对本次康定M6.3级地震序列进行了重新定位;利用gCAP(generalized Cut And Paste)矩张量反演方法获得了M6.3和M5.8级地震的震源机制解与矩心深度,分析了本次地震序列的发震构造,并结合历史强震破裂时空分布和2001年以来小震重新定位结果,对鲜水河断裂带中段强震危险性进行了初步探讨.获得的主要结果如下:(1)M6.3级主震震中位于101.69°E、30.27°N,震源初始破裂深度约10km,矩心深度9km;M5.8级地震震中位于101.73°E、30.18°N,初始破裂深度约11km,矩心深度9km.gCAP矩张量反演结果揭示这两次地震双力偶分量占主导,M6.3级地震的最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向143°/倾角82°/滑动角-9°,节面Ⅱ走向234°/倾角81°/滑动角-172°.M5.8级地震最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向151°/倾角83°/滑动角-6°,节面Ⅱ走向242°/倾角84°/滑动角-173°.依据余震分布长轴展布与断裂走向,判定节面Ⅰ为发震断层面,M6.3和M5.8级地震均为带有微小正断分量的左旋走滑型地震.(2)序列中重新定位的459个地震平均震源深度约9km,地震主要集中分布在6~11km深度区间,余震基本发生在M6.3和M5.8级地震震源上部.依据余震密集区展布范围,推测本次康定地震的震源体尺度长约30km、宽约4km、深度范围约6km.M6.3级主震震源附近的余震稀疏区可能是一个较大的凹凸体(asperity),在主震中能量得以充分释放.(3)最初3天的余震主要分布在M6.3级地震NW侧;而M5.8级地震之后的余震主要集中在其震中附近.M6.3级地震以及最初3天的绝大部分余震发生在倾角约82°近直立的NW走向色拉哈断裂上;M5.8级地震与其后的多数余震发生在倾角约83°近直立的NW走向折多塘断裂北端走向向北偏转部位,M5.8级地震可能是M6.3级地震触发相邻的折多塘断裂活动所致.(4)康定M6.3与M5.8级地震发生在鲜水河断裂带乾宁与康定之间的色拉哈强震破裂空段,本次地震破裂尺度较小,尚不足以填补该强震空段.色拉哈段以及相邻的乾宁段7级地震平静时间均已超过其平均复发周期估值,未来几年存在发生7级地震的危险.康定M6.3级地震序列基本填补了震前存在于塔公与康定之间的深部小震空区,未来强震发生在塔公至松林口段深部小震稀疏区内的可能性很大.     

The October 11, 1999 and November 08, 2006 Beni Suef Earthquakes

Two felt moderate-sized earthquakes with local magnitudes of 4.9 on October 11, 1999 and 4.3 on November 08, 2006 occurred southeast of Beni Suef and Cairo cities. Being well recorded by the digital Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) and some regional broadband stations, they provided us with a unique opportunity to study the tectonic process and present-day stress field acting on the northern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. In this study, we analyze the main shocks of these earthquakes and present 15 well recorded aftershocks (0.9 ≤ ML ≤ 3.3) which have small errors on both horizontal and vertical axes. The relocation analysis using the double difference algorithm clearly reveals a NW trending fault for the 1999 earthquake. The spatial distribution of its aftershocks indicates a propagation of rupture from the SW towards the NW along a fault length ~5 km dipping nearly ~40°SW. We also determined the focal mechanisms of the two main shocks by two methods (polarities and amplitudes ratios of P, S_V and S_H and regional waveform inversion). Our results indicate a normal faulting mechanism with a slight shear component for the first event, while pure normal faulting for the second one. The spatial distribution of the 1999 aftershocks sequence along with the retrieved focal mechanism confirmed the NW plane as the true fault plane. While for the 2006 event, the few aftershocks do not reveal any fault geometry; its focal mechanism indicated a pure normal fault nearly trending WNW-ESE that corresponds more likely to the extension of the 1999 earthquake fault. The seismicity distribution between the two earthquake sequences reveals a noticeable gap that may be a site of a future event. The NNE-SSW extensional stress indicated by the mechanisms of these events is in agreement with the regional stress field and the rifting of the northern Red Sea in its northern branches (Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba). The source parameters (seismic moment, moment magnitude, fault radius, stress drop and displacement across the fault) were also estimated and compared based on both the regional waveform inversion and the displacement spectra and interpreted in the context of the tectonic setting. The obtained results imply a reactivation of the pre-exiting NW-SE faults as a result of extensional deformation from the northern Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rifts.     

Aftershocks of the San Marcos earthquake of April 25, 1989 (M S =6.9) and some implications for the Acapulco-San Marcos,Mexico, seismic potential

Aftershock activity following the April 25, 1989 (M _S =6.9) earthquake near San Marcos, Guerrero, Mexico, was monitored by a temporary network installed twelve hours after the mainshock and remaining in operation for one week. Of the 350 events recorded by this temporary array, 103 were selected for further analysis in order to determine spatial characteristics of the aftershock activity. An aftershock area of approximately 780 km² is delimited by the best quality locations. The area of highest aftershock density lies inside an area delimited by the aftershocks of the latest large event in the region in 1957 (M _S =7.5) and it partially overlaps the zone of maximum intensity of the earlier 1907 (M _S =7.7) shock. Aftershocks also appear to cluster close to the mainshock hypocenter. This clustering agrees with the zone of maximum slip during the mainshock, as previously determined from strong motion records. A low angle Benioff zone is defined by the aftershock hypocenters with a slight tendency for the slab to follow a subhorizontal trajectory after a 110 km distance from the trench axis, a feature which has been observed in the neighboring Guerrero Gap. A composite focal mechanism for events close to the mainshock which also coincides with the zone of largest aftershock density, indicates a thrust fault similar to the mainshock fault plane solution.The San Marcos event took place in an area which could be considered as a mature seismic gap. Due to the manner in which strain release has been observed to previously occur, the occurrence of a major event, overlapping both the neighboring Guerrero Gap and the San Marcos Gap segments of the Mexican thrust, cannot be overlooked.     

Dynamics of fault growth — A physical basis for aftershock sequences

The scale invariant inclusion theory of failure is applied to the problem of aftershock sequences. In the inclusion theory, a macrocrack, or void of low aspect ratio, the length of which depends upon the magnitude of the impending mainshock, forms within the inclusion zone of the impending earthquake. The fault zone that precedes the inclusion zone represents that part of the macrocrack that has closed. It is shown that bifurcation (branching) of the macrocrack and its associated fault must occur within the focal region of the inclusion during the growth phase of the earthquake. The bifurcation process produces extensive faulting of the material that comprises the focal region.A prediction of the inclusion theory is that each fault within the focal region will terminate within a zone of concentrated dilatancy that may or may not be in an unstable state. When the zone is unstable, an aftershock will occur. It is shown that these inclusion zones will, on the average, occur near the boundaries of the focal region. Failure of these unstable zones leads to additional failures within the interior portions of the focal region. These failures represent lock point failures along the fault(s) and will, in general, exhibit few or no additional aftershocks.The bifurcation model of aftershock sequences leads to five results: (1) The aftershock sequence will exhibit an inverse hyperbolic time decay law when the stresses that are applied at distances far removed from the hypocenter remain constant during the sequence and when there isno interaction between the brittle lithosphere (where aftershocks occur) and the underlying asthenosphere. (2) The mean magnitude of any group of aftershocks within the sequence will be approximately constant in time. (3) The aftershocks will, in general, have focal mechanisms identical to that of the mainshock. (4) Large seismic events that occur throughout the aftershock zone will be independent of one another when the aftershocks are sufficiently far apart (two-three fault lengths) and when the applied tectonic stresses remain constant during the sequence. (5) The bifurcation model predicts that theb-value of the aftershock sequence will be 1.0 when both the Utsu relationship between aftershock area and mainshock magnitude and the Gutenburg Richter frequency-magnitude relationship are satisfied.     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震余震危险性概率分析

本文介绍了余震危险性概率分析的概念,完整列出其相关公式的解析表达式并阐述了余震危险性概率分析的具体方法。以2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震为例,首先,求得该地震余震序列的相关参数,结果显示:九寨沟M_S7.0地震余震序列理论最大余震震级约为M_L5.3;b值约为0.784 1,明显低于中国西南地区同类型的其它地震,表明九寨沟地震余震区应力水平相对较高;p值约为1.109 7,明显高于中国西南地区同类型的其它地震,表明九寨沟地震余震序列随时间衰减较快。其次,计算此次地震余震与主震释放能量的比例关系,结果显示:在九寨沟M_S7.0地震事件中,截止到10月22日约99.69%的能量为主震所释放,0.31%的能量为余震所释放。最后,利用九寨沟M_S7.0余震序列参数结果并结合衰减关系,分别计算了主震后0—1天、1—10天、10—30天和90—100天内不同断层距内不同水平的峰值加速度和峰值速度的超越概率,结果显示:随着断层距增加,在相同时间间隔内超越概率的值呈下降趋势;在震后第一天内余震危险性最高,随着震后时间增加,相应的超越概率值呈现出明显下降趋势,表明九寨沟M_S7.0地震余震危险性主要来自早期余震。本文的相关成果可以为震后地震危险性分析提供参考,并为短时间内应急救援及灾后重建提供辅助决策意见。      

汶川地震序列早期特征及成因探讨

地震序列的特征和震型判定工作有助于抗震救灾工作的开展,对其发生成因的研究是解决地震预报难题必须面对的科学问题。汶川8．0级地震序列的初步研究表明：①余震沿龙门山断裂带分布于宽100km,长约330km的带状区域内,并侧向于主震震中的北侧;②序列发展初期有2个快速衰减过程;③序列类型为主震一余震型,最大强余震6．4级;④序列的空间演化过程,强余震震源机制结果和地震精确定位结果分析表明,序列具有分段特征;⑤8．0级地震的发震构造是龙门山断裂带,发震构造在剖面上呈现出“犁形”或“铲形”。地球物理勘探和壳、幔结构反演结果表明,自青藏高原穿越龙门山到四川盆地存在地幔阶梯,上地幔阶梯的阻挡作用使得物质东移速率减慢,并蕴积了汶川8．0级地震所需能量。地震的产生正是东西向应力平衡被打破的结果,余震沿龙门山断裂的分布是高原地壳在印度板块的推挤作用下向北北东方向的运动得以继续的表现。整个龙门山断裂带都参与了活动,龙门山断裂带北端作为断裂带的止裂端与南段同期活动。     

The 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake Sequence, Baja California, Mexico and Southernmost California, USA: Active Seismotectonics along the Mexican Pacific Margin

The El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake sequence started with a few foreshocks in March 2010, and a second sequence of 15 foreshocks of M?>?2 (up to M4.4) that occurred during the 24?h preceding the mainshock. The foreshocks occurred along a north?Csouth trend near the mainshock epicenter. The M _w 7.2 mainshock on April 4 exhibited complex faulting, possibly starting with a ~M6 normal faulting event, followed ~15?s later by the main event, which included simultaneous normal and right-lateral strike-slip faulting. The aftershock zone extends for 120?km from the south end of the Elsinore fault zone north of the US?CMexico border almost to the northern tip of the Gulf of California. The waveform-relocated aftershocks form two abutting clusters, each about 50?km long, as well as a 10?km north?Csouth aftershock zone just north of the epicenter of the mainshock. Even though the Baja California data are included, the magnitude of completeness and the hypocentral errors increase gradually with distance south of the international border. The spatial distribution of large aftershocks is asymmetric with five M5+ aftershocks located to the south of the mainshock, and only one M5.7 aftershock, but numerous smaller aftershocks to the north. Further, the northwest aftershock cluster exhibits complex faulting on both northwest and northeast planes. Thus, the aftershocks also express a complex pattern of stress release along strike. The overall rate of decay of the aftershocks is similar to the rate of decay of a generic California aftershock sequence. In addition, some triggered seismicity was recorded along the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults to the north, but significant northward migration of aftershocks has not occurred. The synthesis of the El Mayor-Cucapah sequence reveals transtensional regional tectonics, including the westward growth of the Mexicali Valley and the transfer of Pacific?CNorth America plate motion from the Gulf of California in the south into the southernmost San Andreas fault system to the north. We propose that the location of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, as well as the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes, may have been controlled by the bends in the plate boundary.     

The Weak-Motion Modeling of the Skyros Island,Aegean Sea,M w = 6.5 Earthquake of July 26, 2001

The earthquake was modeled using regional broad-band stations in Greece (epicentral distances up to 340 km). Inversion of the amplitude spectra of complete waveforms (0.05–0.08 Hz), later confirmed by the forward waveform modeling, provided strike = 150°, dip = 70°, rake = 10°, scalar moment M _o = 4.1e18 Nm, and depth of 8 km. As the aftershock distribution had the same strike, the earthquake was interpreted as a left-lateral strike slip. The fault length was estimated by combining observed mainshock spectra and synthetic spectra of a weak event, representing impulse response of the medium. This gave the fault length estimate of 16 to 24 km. Similar results were obtained by means of a true M _w = 5 aftershock. The waveform modeling (0.05–0.20 Hz) was performed for the 20 × 10 km finite-extent fault, with a homogenous slip of 0.63 m. It showed that the rupture propagation along the 150° strike was predominantly unilateral, from NW to SE.     

A study in the velocity structure of December 5, 1997, M w = 7.8 Kronotskii rupture zone, Kamchatka

The object of the present study was to obtain and investigate the 3D velocity structure of the rupture zone of a large earthquake, to be specific, the great ( _Mw = 7.8) Kronotskii earthquake that occurred in Kamchatka on December 5, 1997. The event was preceded by a foreshock swarm (December 3–5, 1997) and followed by a long aftershock sequence. We investigated the V _P velocity distribution for different time periods: December 3–7, 1997 (when the chief events occurred, viz., the main shock and the larger aftershocks) and for subsequent periods of decaying aftershock activity until December 1998. The velocity distribution in the rupture zone proved to be inhomogeneous. Three regions have been identified: the northeastern (the main shock and foreshocks), the central, and the southwestern, which differ both in the character of seismicity and in velocity. The V _P distribution was found to be time-dependent. The velocity was below the standard values in the foreshock-aftershock area in December 1997, subsequently the velocity increased. These results may indicate the absence of a continuous rupture zone, with the main shock and the two largest aftershocks that occurred in the southwest probably being independent events rupturing a transverse fault during the stress rearrangement following the main shock.     

由地震分布丛集性给出断层参数的一种新方法

由于大范围内地质构造的复杂性和介质的非均匀性,发震断层面的几何形态一般十分复杂.如果大地震的破裂过程涉及多个断层的活动,则发震断层并非是单一断层平面,而是多个断层面的组合.利用地震空间位置分布丛集性,即震源点成丛位于断层面附近的假设,结合稳健扩充算法和主成分分析给出一种可以重构活断层网络三维空间结构的新方法.该方法每次从震源点集中处开始,利用假设检验扩充子断层面,并得到多个子断层面.接着按震源点属于最近断层面的准则把各子断层面内的震源点进行竞争,并根据一定假设合并和删除一些子断层面,最后用主成分分析确定每个子断层面参数.于是可根据地震事件目录给出一组矩形区域来描述断层面网络结构,其中每个矩形断层面由其位置、走向和倾角确定.通过计算机模拟发现,新方法可成功地重建模拟地震目录的断层面,最后用于南加州1992年6月28日发生的Landers地震部分余震目录中,得到各个子断层面参数与已知地质破裂或隐伏断层相当一致.     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震序列活动特征分析

中强地震序列的主震发生后,短时间内受台站距震中较远、尾波干扰和波形重叠等因素的影响,往往会遗漏大量的地震,而地震目录的完整性会直接影响到震后趋势判定和余震序列特征分析的科学性和可靠性。本文利用基于GPU加速的模板匹配方法对2017年8月1～12日的连续波形进行扫描计算,检测九寨沟M_S7.0地震前后遗漏的地震事件,选取台网目录中信噪比较高的1033个地震事件作为模板,在主震前7天至震后5天期间识别出4854个检测地震事件,为台网可定位目录的3.3倍,除去对台网单台地震事件的修正外,还检测到1797个遗漏地震事件,将完备震级从1.6级降低到1.4级。基于补充了遗漏地震的完整地震目录,对2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震序列活动特征进行分析。结果表明,前震序列在主震前短时间内出现了地震活动的密集增强,b值也显示为低值状态,可能是深部断层发生破裂之前的加速蠕动的结果。随着时间的推移,余震序列的完备震级逐渐下降并趋于稳定,b值存在缓慢升高的趋势,未来较长时期内余震序列仍将处于持续衰减的状态。     

1976年唐山MS7.8地震余震序列持续时间及对地震危险性分析的意义

1976年7月28日唐山MS7.8大地震对唐山及其周边地区造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失. 主震之后约15小时滦县又发生了MS7.1地震; 同年11月15日宁河也发生了MS6.9地震. 唐山MS7.8主震后的余震一直持续至今,使该区域至今保持了与主震前相比具有较高的地震活动性．如何估计余震的持续时间,并进一步将余震从主震目录中去除,一直是地震学中所关注的问题．该文通过对数线性回归和理论计算,从不同角度求取并讨论了1976年唐山MS7.8大地震的余震持续时间．结果表明,由对数线性回归计算得到的余震持续时间约为80 a．而基于Dieterich的余震触发理论所得到的余震持续时间则与区域剪应力变化率有关．区域剪应力变化率可有几种不同方法求得: ① 根据剪应力变化率和静态应力降Delta;tau;e及地震回复周期tr之间的关系求取应力变化率,该方法所得到的余震持续时间约为70——100 a;② Ziv和Rubin对Dieterich的方法进行了修正,给出了通过远场加载速率和断层宽度求取应力变化率, 该方法得到的余震持续时间约为80 a;③ 由背景场地震活动性求取远场剪应力速率, 可以得到该地区二维分布式的余震持续时间,此方法得到的研究区域内余震持续时间为130——160 a．综上,唐山地区余震持续时间约为70——140 a,据此, 该地区现今所发生的地震仍为MS7.8唐山地震所触发的余震．      

2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震介绍

2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震发生在龙门山断裂带南段,震源机制解为逆冲型.震后3天震区已发生3000多次余震,其中M5级余震4次,最大余震是4月21日17时05分芦山、邛崃交界M5.4级地震,余震区长轴约45 km,短轴约20 km.芦山M7.0级地震与2008年5月12日汶川M8.0级地震均位于龙门山断裂带,但汶川地震发生在该断裂带中-北段,两个地震的余震区存在约45 km的间隔,芦山M7.0级地震不是汶川地震的余震,但两者密切相关.     

2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果

使用远场体波资料和有限断层方法快速反演获得了2013年4月12日芦山地震的震源破裂过程模型,并计算了震中区理论烈度分布.结果显示这次地震是发生在龙门山断裂带南端的一次M_w6.7级的逆冲型地震,最大滑动量159 cm,震中区烈度达Ⅷ-IX度(中国地震烈度表).这次地震的震源性质与汶川地震同为逆冲型破裂,主要破裂滑动发生在汶川地震后的库伦应力增加区域,表明汶川地震对这次地震有触发效应,在宏观上可视为汶川地震一次"迟到"的强余震.