香炉碗子金矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因探讨

通过对香炉碗子金矿床中稀土元素特征及硫,铅,氢,氧同位素地球化学研究表明,矿床中矿石与主要赋矿围岩次火山隐爆角砾岩,靠细岩,变辉绿岩的稀土元素配分模式和特征值相近,围岩提供了成矿物质来源,矿石硫同位素组成显示出硫主要来自深源岩浆原,矿石铅同位素组成显示出铅来源单一,来自上地幔或下地壳;氢氧同位素组成显示出成矿流体除岩浆水外,还有大气降水加入,成矿与燕山期次火山活动密切相关,成因应属浅成次火山热液型     

海南岛中三叠世造山后伸展作用:双峰式侵入岩的年代学及地球化学制约

在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对海南岛兴隆双峰式侵入岩进行了岩石学、年代学、地球化学方面的研究,并初步探讨其构造意义.呈双峰式的辉绿岩体与花岗岩体分别由独立的基性岩浆和酸性岩浆形成,在两者接触之处发生了局部的岩浆机械混合;辉绿岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(238±2)Ma,花岗岩的为(234±2)Ma,两者形成于同一构造岩浆作用事件;侵入岩的Si2O含量呈双峰式,微量元素特征表明它们形成于造山后伸展环境,其Sr-Nd同位素组成具有EMⅡ型富集地幔特征,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响.兴隆侵入岩的形成指示海南岛中三叠世处于造山后伸展的构造环境,其形成与岩石圈伸展减薄背景下玄武质岩浆的底侵作用有关.     

广东五华白石嶂钼矿区矿床地质特征

白石嶂钼矿区归属于环太平洋钼成矿带华南褶皱系钨-铜-钼成矿省,成矿于中生代燕山期。矿床赋存于燕山二期细粒二云母花岗岩株南东端西侧与上三叠-下侏罗统地层的接触带,白石嶂断裂（F19）与杨塘断裂的交汇部位。本文从区域地质背景入手,着重研究了地层、构造、岩浆岩与成矿的关系;并对矿床的成矿专属性作了初步探讨。文章对围岩及其蚀变特征与矿体/矿石赋存特征、矿体规模之间的关系作了较深入的分析;并在分析成矿物质来源、总结矿化富集规律的基础上,结合粤东地区钼矿成矿特征,总结出本区控矿地质条件与成矿规律,为粤东地区该类矿床的寻找提供理论上的参考。     

中国西南低温成矿域铊矿床生物成矿初步研究

从生物成矿研究现状, 铊矿床地质概况着手, 通过中国西南低温成矿域中铊矿床实例, 讨论铊富集成矿的地质背景和生物成矿机制. 在铊矿床生物成矿研究中, 着重从生物富集与铊有相关性, 岩矿石中微古动物富集铊, 富铊矿石中生物化石铸型, 生物硫参与成矿和铊矿石中富生物成因有机碳几个方面进行讨论. 铊矿床经历了同生生物富集和后成热液改造二个成矿阶段, 由于后成热液改造作用强烈, 使同生生物富集矿石中生物残留无几, 故使矿床呈现出热液改造矿床的面貌.     

浙江大桥坞铀矿床铅、氢、氧同位素研究

浙江大桥坞矿床是赣杭火山岩铀成矿带重要的铀矿床之一。本文通过对大桥坞铀矿床铅、氢和氧同位素及前人资料的综合研究,探讨了矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源。结果表明花岗斑岩、凝灰岩、辉绿岩、矿石中黄铁矿、蚀变围岩中黄铁矿的Ph同位素组成变化较小,可能指示它们具有相似的源区。在铅同位素构造环境判别图解中,铅同位素投影点分布范围较广,但多数集中于地幔和造山带演化线之间,偏向造山带,反映了铅的来源与岩浆活动有关。氢、氧同位素组成显示,成矿流体主要来自大气降水。成矿物质来源于壳幔混合源。     

南岭及邻区中生代含锡花岗岩的多样性:显著的矿物特征差异

南岭及邻区分布一系列与中生代花岗岩有关的锡矿床,这些岩石可以是含角闪石黑云母花岗岩,或是(黄玉)钠长石-(铁)锂云母花岗岩,其岩石化学特征指示它们分别对应于准铝质和过铝质花岗岩.细致的矿物学研究表明它们具有完全不同的矿物学特征.准铝质含锡花岗岩的矿物学特征表现为:(1)角闪石、黑云母、条纹长石等组成特征性的造岩矿物组合:(2)标志性副矿物榍石、磁铁矿等显示其原始岩浆具有较高的氧逸度;(3)含锡矿物为锡石、黑云母、榍石等;(4)锡石的成分比较纯,微量元素含量低.过铝质含锡花岗岩的矿物学特征主要表现为:(1)铁锂云母-锂云母、钾长石、钠长石为典型造岩矿物;(2)富铝矿物黄玉是较常见的副矿物,与花岗岩铝过饱和特征相符;(3)锡石是重要的锡矿物,且富含Nb、Ta.造成两类含锡花岗岩显著矿物学差异的原因可能包括熔体的氧逸度、挥发组分和岩浆分异程度的差异.氧化型准铝质花岗岩熔体中锡以四价为主,这导致锡容易富集在含钛的造岩矿物或副矿物中,在岩浆结晶分异阶段形成富锡矿物;这些富锡矿物可成为含锡花岗岩的标志性矿物.相对还原的过铝质花岗岩熔体中锡以二价为主,不易进入造岩矿物和副矿物,常常在岩浆结晶分异阶段形成岩浆成因的锡石;因此,岩浆成因锡石成为这类花岗岩的重要成矿和找矿标志.岩浆性质和锡在两类花岗岩岩浆中地球化学行为的差异,导致形成的矿床类型有所不同.准铝质花岗岩主要形成岩体浸染型、绿泥石-石英脉型、云英岩型、矽卡岩型等矿床,而过铝质花岗岩除形成云英岩型、矽卡岩型、石英脉型等矿床外,更易形成岩体浸染型锡矿化.     

西藏日土县材玛铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

通过对西藏日土县材玛铁矿床的调查研究表明,南羌塘拗陷带的材玛铁矿床成矿地质条件较好.经地表槽探揭露和深部钻探工程控制,发现其矿体为似层状;矿体品位和厚度沿走向和倾向变化较小;容矿岩石主要为矽卡岩、矽卡岩化灰岩;矿石类型简单,主要为磁铁矿矿石.矿化富集与侵入于上三叠统地层的燕山晚期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩密切相关;矿体产出部位严格受碳酸盐岩层位及其层间破碎带的控制,属接触交代型矿床.其形成与燕山晚期岩浆活动关系密切,空间分布严格受岩浆岩和断裂的控制.花岗岩类岩体与上三叠统地层的接触带和层间破碎带是寻找铁矿的有利部位,外围地区具有寻找相同类型铁矿床的远景.     

江西修水县梅子坑钼矿床地质特征及成因初探

梅子坑钼矿位于九岭钨钼成矿带,为中型石英脉型钼矿床。矿区内地层和岩浆岩钼元素含量分别是克拉克值的43倍和21倍。矿体赋存于双桥山群修水组浅变质岩系中及北西向断裂控制的裂隙密集带中;矿石主要类型为石英脉型,矿石有益组分为辉钼矿,形成于石英-黄铁矿-辉钼矿-黄铜矿早期矿化阶段。矿床可能与隐伏的燕山期细粒花岗岩、花岗斑岩岩脉有成因关系,属与燕山期岩浆活动有关的中-高温热液矿床。北西向断裂密集带,硅化、云英岩化、黄铁矿化围岩蚀变,燕山期花岗岩类及双桥山群浅变质岩系,是其主要找矿标志。     

四川省马尔康阿拉伯锂辉石矿地质特征及找矿标志

本文通过对马尔康阿拉伯锂辉石矿矿区地质特征、矿石(体)特征和矿床成因的探讨,提出了伟晶岩型锂辉石矿矿床的找矿标志,以期对该地区寻找类似矿床提供参考依据和帮助。     

桂北苗儿山-越城岭地区独石岭钨(铜)矿床研究:对复式岩体多时代差异性成矿的启示

独石岭钨(铜)多金属矿床位于苗儿山-越城岭岩体北东部,为一个大型蚀变岩型+矽卡岩型钨(铜)多金属矿床.矿区坑道内见有两种类型的花岗岩:中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩和中细粒黑云母花岗岩,两类花岗岩在时空上与矿体关系密切,应属于独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩.矿区顶部地表见有中细粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩.本文对矿区坑道内花岗岩及顶部露头花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果表明,矿区坑道内中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为423Ma,中细粒黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为421Ma,而矿区顶部露头花岗岩的成岩年代约为217Ma,表明矿区存在加里东期、印支期两期岩浆活动.对矿区坑道内两类花岗岩岩石地球化学特征研究表明,在主量元素方面:两类花岗岩均属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩;微量元素蛛网图表明,两类花岗岩相对富集Cs、Rb、U、REE,而亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti;稀土元素配分曲线表明,两类花岗岩具有向右倾斜、富集轻稀土,且还具有从中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩到中细粒黑云母花岗岩,ΣREE总体呈降低、其中轻稀土含量降低,重稀土含量略有升高,Eu亏损越来越强烈的趋势.由此表明二者属于同源、不同阶段岩浆演化的产物,与成矿关系密切,属于独石岭钨(铜)矿的成矿母岩.利用钨矿石中的白钨矿,首次对独石岭钨(铜)矿进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年分析,获得成矿年龄为(417±35)Ma,同时还利用蚀变花岗岩型和矽卡岩型矿石中的榍石进行U-Pb定年,其结果为蚀变花岗岩型矿石中的榍石年龄为425~423Ma,而矽卡岩型中榍石年龄约为218Ma.由此表明,独石岭矿区白钨矿主要形成于加里东晚期,但印支期岩浆热液也对其有一定的影响.大型独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩与矿化年龄的确定,证明南岭西段越城岭地区的北端,在加里东期也曾经发生过较强烈的成矿作用,结合南端的牛塘界钨矿,这为进一步在南岭西部寻找加里东期和印支期矿集区,提供了科学依据和典型范例.     

Geochemical evidence for contribution of ore-forming materials from peraluminous granite basement —— Taking Fucheng pluton and No. 6722 uranium deposit in southern Jiangxi Province as examples

Source of ore-forming material is always one of the fundamental subjects in the study of mineral deposits. Recently, in order to probe deep sources of ore-forming materials, many interna-tional and Chinese investigators have paid much attention to the rel…     

Geochemical evidence for contribution of ore-forming materials from peraluminous granite basement

Using the induced fission-track method, mobile uranium leaching and lead isotope analysis, this work obtianed geochemical features of the peraluminous Fucheng granite basement and the host rock (shoshonite) of the No. 6722 uranium deposit in southern Jiangxi Province, (i) Uranium contents of the leucocratic rock-forming minerals (0.18 μg/g for quartz, 0.36 μg/g for feldspar) are lower than the uranium content of the whole rock (4.6 μg/g). Biotite and some accessory mineral inclusions (zircon, monazite and uraninite) are the main uranium carriers of the Fucheng granite pluton. The fissure uranium in altered minerals (hydromica and chlorite) increased evidently, (ii) Leachable rate of mobile uranium in the biotite granite is 10.4⨴; while that in the altered granite increased to 31· · (iii) Caculation based on lead isotopes shows that during alteration the Fucheng granite lost uranium (AU = −37%–−65· · ), whereas the Caotaobei shoshonite gained uranium (AU = +37· ·–+58 · ·). These features suggest that the ore-forming material of the No. 6722 uranium deposit was mainly derived from the altered peraluminous granite basement of Fucheng pluton.     

Natural and technogenic changes in the mode of rock deformation in the uranium deposit in granites

The Antey deposit in the southeastern Transbaikal region is one of the main objects of uranium ore mining. It is localized in the Late Paleozoic granite basement of the Strel’tsovo Caldera formed during the Late Mesozoic tectono-magmatic activation of geological structures in the region. Vein ore bodies of the deposit are controlled by steep near-meridional faults being developed in zones of intense hydrothermal-metasomatic alterations, cataclasis, brecciation, and elevated rock fracturing. The upper parts of the ore bodies are located at a depth of 400 m and their lower parts are traceable up to depths of 1300 m below the surface. The mining activity involves progressively deeper levels of the section, which determines the necessity for the complex assessment of the deposit potential. The mode of rock deformation at the four lower horizons of mines occurring at depths of 500 to 700 m is discussed. It is shown that variations in the mode of deformation are determined by a combination of natural and technogenic factors, which should be taken into consideration in predicting the geomechanic behavior of the rocks for safe mining works.     

相山矿田铀矿地质研究进展与趋势

相山铀矿是华南最大的产于火山一侵入杂岩体中的热液脉型铀矿田。文章对相山铀矿地质研究的历史进行了简略回顾,重点阐述了铀矿地质研究的新进展,主要有：火山杂岩时代为早白垩世、火山岩浆具有反方向演化特点,成矿作用是一个相对连续的演化过程,铀矿类型归属斑岩型,属于与燕山晚期火山一斑岩作用有关的铀或铀一多金属矿床成矿系列。最后,文章展望了未来的研究方向。     

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.     

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.     

Where fast weathering creates thin regolith and slow weathering creates thick regolith

Weathering disaggregates rock into regolith – the fractured or granular earth material that sustains life on the continental land surface. Here, we investigate what controls the depth of regolith formed on ridges of two rock compositions with similar initial porosities in Virginia (USA). A priori, we predicted that the regolith on diabase would be thicker than on granite because the dominant mineral (feldspar) in the diabase weathers faster than its granitic counterpart. However, weathering advanced 20× deeper into the granite than the diabase. The 20 × ‐thicker regolith is attributed mainly to connected micron‐sized pores, microfractures formed around oxidizing biotite at 20 m depth, and the lower iron (Fe) content in the felsic rock. Such porosity allows pervasive advection and deep oxidation in the granite. These observations may explain why regolith worldwide is thicker on felsic compared to mafic rock under similar conditions. To understand regolith formation will require better understanding of such deep oxidation reactions and how they impact fluid flow during weathering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上地幔高导层与内生金属矿产及油气藏的关系

依据大地电磁测深所发现的上地幔高导层顶面深度可以给出大陆岩石圈-软流圈界面(LAB)的空间发育特征,为认识岩石圈结构及壳幔相互作用等提供重要信息.本文在1996年编制的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图的基础上,补充了1995—2010年大地电磁测深结果和大地热流数据,以1°×1°网度编制了新的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图.我国上地幔高导层顶面深度变化很大,具有南北分带,东西分块的特征,呈东浅、西深、北浅、南深的格局,从最浅的50~60km到最深的230km,平均深度为100~120km.据上地幔高导层顶面分布形态,全国共可划分出27个隆起区.通过与中国已知内生金属矿产和油气田的分布对比,发现我国大陆80%以上中生代内生金属矿床分布在上地幔高导层隆起带或其梯度带上方.中国大陆东部含油气盆地主体对应上地幔隆起区,油气田多位于隆起区上方或其边部的过渡带上;西部主体位于幔坳区,主要油气田对应盆地中心的幔坳向周边幔隆过渡的梯度带上;中部表现为仅盆地腹地对应幔坳,盆地周边对应规模较大的上地幔隆起带,主要油气田位于隆起带.总的来看内生金属矿床一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近造山带一侧,而油气田一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近盆地一侧.软流圈的不断上隆,造成岩石圈减薄、拉张,张性断裂的出现成为地球深部物质和热量向地壳上部运移的有利通道,为内生金属矿产的形成提供了成矿物质和能量保障,也为含油气盆地带来了生烃催化剂、热能和无机成因的石油与天然气.地球深部超临界流体的存在对上地幔高导层的形成、成矿物质运移可能发挥了重要作用.     

Geochemistry of ore-forming fluids and geological significance of the Kuoerzhenkuola gold field in Xinjiang, China

The Kuoerzhenkuola gold field (including the Kuo- erzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai gold deposits), lo- cated 68 km east of Jimunai County in northern Xing- jiang, China, is an important component of the Sawuer gold belt which is the eastward extending part of the Zarma-Sawur gold-copper belt in Kazakhstan. Some studies are concerned with the geology of the gold ores[1―3], the associated volcanic rocks[4], radiogenic isotope[5―8], and the ore-forming environment[8]. Most researchers inferr…