上海地震台阵的地震定位方法

详细介绍了上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统中的地震定位方法，用台阵的聚束方法得到地震的方位角和视慢度，根据统计得到的视慢度－震中距表推算震中距。并结合了地震台网的定位方法，由单台记录的各类主要震相从J－B走时表得到震中距，然后进行地震定位。该定位方法可对近震、远震进行定位处理，并由深震相得到震源深度。     

地震活动性的层次模型及推导的地震活动经验公式和分维性质

文章从一个简单的地震活动层次模型出发，推导地震活动性中几个经验公式以及地震活动的时、空和震源大小分维性质。研究结果表明：（１）震级和频度关系式即Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ公式中的比例系数ｂ值等于震级和平均震中距关系式中的比例系数ｂ１的２倍，并且ｂ值也等于震级和平均时间间隔关系式中的比例系数ｂ２。（２）平均震中距分维值为２，平均时间间隔分维值为１，震源大小分布的分维值的２ｂ。     

山西地区分区近震走时表的编制与检验

主要以山西太原、大同、临汾３个遥测台网的记录，结合山西省内及邻省部分台站的地震观测资料，用勘探、爆破与测震方法得出山西地区地壳模型结构。用观测走时与理论走时对比，划分出６个区域，计算出＂山西地区近震走时表＂及＂山西南部地区近震走时表＂。检验结果表明，发震时刻、震中位置及深度等各项参数较Ｊ－Ｂ走时表均有极大的提高。经试用确认其适用于山西地区。     

华南地区近震走时表（速度模型）的精度检验

利用１６６次地震资料，通过３种地壳速度模型的对比，按照规定的评判原则，对《华南地区近震走时表》（速度模型）对福建及其邻区的地震定位精度进行了检验．结果表明，华南地区地壳模型（走时表）比Ｊ－Ｂ模型（走时表）更适合于本区地震的定位．     

核旋仪野外比测记录和数据通讯系统研究

本系统包括用ＰＣ－１５００Ａ－ＣＡＳ进行核旋仪野外比测（Ｆ、Ｚ）记录程序（简写ＢＣＪＬ）及记录数据的通讯传送程序（简写ＢＣＴＸ－１）和（ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ）微机通讯接收程序（简写ＢＣＴＸ－２）共３个程序。该３个程序采用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编写。ＢＣＪＬ程序是在１９９２年的核旋仪野外经测（Ｆ、Ｚ）记录程序的基础上，做了进一步的修改。本程序增加了主、副桩组均值限差大于３ｎＴ达４０种情况的超限判断，解决了计算结果数     

新疆南天山环境应力场特征

基于新疆强震固定台和流动观测记录的主要和余震加速度资料，选用了三个分向记录都完整的３７次地震。震级范围为１．８－６．８级，震中距为几至几十公里。根据用位错理论二维断裂力学模式推导的震源峰值、加速度与环境剪应力场关系式计算了新疆南天山环境剪应力值。计算结果表明，新疆南天山环境应力平均值偏高，这与新疆处于特殊构造环境条件有关。     

Analysis of future seismicity of Jing－Jin－Tang region and seven major seismic zones with the extreme－value theory

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｆｕｔｕｒｅｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙｏｆＪｉｎｇ－Ｊｉｎ－Ｔａｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｓｅｖｅｎｍａｊｏｒｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｚｏｎｅｓ　ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ－ｖａｌｕｅｔｈｅｏｒｙＲａｎＺＨＯＵ（周冉）ａｎｄＢａｎｇ－ＨｕｔＬＩＮ（...     

大同—阳高地震和电磁脉冲记录仪使用的回顾

分析了山西省地震局研制的ＤＭＪ－８５Ａ电磁脉冲记录仪记录的实例。表明,电磁脉冲记录在震前有数值大,大数群发、间断出现,随机突变等特征。给出了根据异常的数值、延续时间、异常方向等判断震级、震中距、发震时间的震例。     

一个能产生分形结构的地震活动性模型

本文提出了一个模拟地震活动性的层次结构模型，它所产生的地震活动性是分形的。根据该模型本文导出了Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ统计关系式，并建立了分维数Ｄ与ｂ值间的定量关系。同时还导出了不同震级地震间的平均震中距公式，该公式表明分形几何学在地震预报中有实际应用价值。     

应变前兆出现的时间与地震震级和震中距的关系

研究了在以前得到的应变前兆出现时间与地震震级和震中距的关系式中确定固定系数的方法。同时还确定了应变前兆锋沿地表的传播速度。     

多层介质中利用sPn与Pn到时差确定震源深度的研究

为利用sPn与Pn波的走时差测定震源深度,进一步提高地震震源深度的测定精度,推导多层介质下sPn与Pn波的走时差与震源深度的关系,发现走时差与震中距无关,只与震源深度及区域地壳速度模型有关。震源在同一层中,走时差曲线的斜率不变,而当震源位于不同层中时,sPn-Pn走时差曲线的斜率不同,并呈分段直线的走时差曲线形态。地壳速度结构纵向越不均匀,多层和单层介质下利用sPn-Pn走时差计算的震源深度误差就越大,走时曲线的各分段直线斜率相差越大;探讨地壳中sPn与Pn波传播路径相同但波速不同的单层地壳速度模型,发现单层介质下波速越大,测定的震源深度越大;对于同一地区相同的地壳分层结构,测得的震源深度随着泊松比的增大而减小。基于前人给出的中国五个典型块体多层平均地壳模型,给出sPn-Pn走时差与震源深度计算公式速查表。     

几种常用地方震相对天然地震震源深度测定的误差解析分析及数值对比

本文从误差解析公式及数值模拟计算两种途径讨论了利用常用地方震相Pg,Sg,PmP,Pn,sPL测定震源深度的误差问题,结果表明,两种途径获取的误差值相当。对于上地壳的地震而言,当直达波走时误差处于0.1 s的量级时,若要将误差控制在3 km左右,则应选用震中距为30 km以内的台站;当走时误差处于0.2 s的量级时,若要控制同等误差,则应选用震中距为20 km以内的台站;如果地震位于下地壳,震中距可适当放宽,然而当震中距更大或走时误差更大时,震源深度的误差则近乎成倍增长。PmP,Pn,sPL对上地壳的震源深度测定误差要小于下地壳,同时对误差的控制较好,不会随震中距的增大而快速增大,震中距处于90 km范围以内且走时误差小于0.1 s时的深度误差基本均能控制在3.5 km以内。此外,本文还通过“棋盘格”的方式定量地分析了速度扰动对走时的影响,并以首都圈地区台网布局为基础,分析了加入首波对震源深度测定的改善效果。这两项数值对比结果均表明,在2%的速度扰动下,只要下地壳和莫霍面的速度参数不同时出现过大或过小现象,加入首波后对震源深度的测定误差则基本能控制在3 km以内,且一致性明显地高于单独使用直达波。      

Determination Method of Focal Depth of Local Earthquake Using the Travel-time Difference between Pn and sPn

In this paper,we derived the relationships between the travel time difference of sPn and Pn and the local earthquake focal depth.In these equations,the travel time difference of sPn and Pn is not related to the epicentral distance,but depends only on the regional crustal mode and the focal depth.According to the equations,we provided a simple and accurate method to determine local earthquake focal depth by using the travel time difference between phase sPn and Pn.This method has been used to determine the f...     

用sPn与Pn波走时差测定近震震源深度的方法

本文推导了sPn与Pn波走时差与震源深度的关系。 方程中sPn与Pn波的走时差与震中距无关, 只与区域地壳模型和震源深度有关。 根据该方程, 提出用近震震相sPn与Pn的走时差来测定地震深度的简便、 准确方法。 运用本方法对2008年8月30日和8月31日发生在四川省攀枝花和会理交界处的M_S6.1、 M_S5.6两次地震的震源深度进行了测定, 并与中国地震台网中心的结果进行了对比, 所测得的结果准确、 可靠。     

Theoretical Error Analysis of the Accuracy of Focal Depth Determination of Near Earthquakes

Focal depth is one of the most difficult seismic parameters to determine accurately in seismology. The focal depths estimated by various methods are uncertain to a considerable degree,which affects the understanding of the source process. The influence of various factors on focal depth is non-linear. The influence of epicentral distance,arrival time residual and velocity model (crust model) on focal depth is analyzed based on travel time formula of near earthquakes in this paper. When wave propagation velocity is constant, the error of focal depth increases with the increase of epicentral distance or the distance to station and the travel time residual. When the travel time residual is constant,the error of focal depth increases with the increase of the epicentral distance and the velocity of seismic wave. The study also shows that the location error perhaps becomes bigger for shallower earthquakes when the velocity is known and the travel time residual is constant. The horizontal error caused by location accuracy increases with the increase of the epicentral distance,the travel time residual and the velocity of seismic waves,thus the error of focal depth will increase with these factors. On the other hand,the errors of focal depth will lead to change of the origin time,therefore resultant outcomes will all change.     

如何区分台湾地震和大陆近震

通过对温州地震台具有代表性的 5个典型速报地震记录图的分析 ,展示台湾地震和近似震中距的南黄海、江苏地震的共同点与不同点。两者共同点 :震中距相近 ,波形相似 ,地震波组列丰富。不同点有 :S波周期异常 ,Rg- P到时差不同 ,震相振幅比不同     

VARIATION OF THE TRAVEL TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TELESEISMIC PS CONVERTED WAVE AND PP TRANSMITTED WAVE IN FOCAL REGION BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN MS8.0 EARTHQUAKE

When P waves from distant earthquakes meet a velocity discontinuity in the earth's crust and upper mantle, they give rise to a series of converted PS waves besides PP refracted waves. It is possible to monitor the variation of the physical properties of the medium in the limited formation space above the transition zone of the seismogenic zone by measuring the time difference between the teleseismic PS converted wave and the first arrival P wave, that is, time-variation Δt_PS=t_PS-t_P. The advantage of this method is that the transition point of the teleseismic source with similar source is relatively stable at the transition interface, and the accuracy of the measured relative time is high, and the change of the medium in a small range of the seismogenic zone above the conversion interface can be monitored. This paper studies the variation of the travel time difference Δt_PS in focal region before and after Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake. We select 2001 to 2012 as the research period, use teleseismic waveforms which occurred in the southern region of Sumatra and Hindu Kush area recorded by Sichuan station YZP and JJS. These teleseisms satisfy 5.0 ≤ M ≤ 6.5, and their waveform signal-to-noise ratio is high with clear initial P-wave motion. The epicentral distance of teleseisms is less than 3 degrees. Then we obtain the variation of the travel time difference Δt_PS between teleseismic PS converted wave and PP transmitted wave recorded during the study period in the two stations. The results show that there is a slow increasing trend of Δt_PS before 2006, and an obvious low value process of Δt_PS appeared in the period about 2 years before the Wenchuan earthquake. The maximum decline was about 0.2~0.3s, more than 4~5 times the measurement error. The low value has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the earthquake. The change of arrival time difference indicates that the medium is in different states in different periods of seismogenic process. The sharp decrease in Δt_PS from 2006 to January 2008 may be due to the strong disturbance caused by the stress accumulation of the medium. At this stage, the velocity of P wave and S wave increases with the increase of stress, and the increase of S wave velocity will result in the decrease of Δt_PS. The change of Δt_PS is greatly affected by S wave velocity, so Δt_PS appears to decrease rapidly. Regarding the low value that has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the Wenchuan earthquake, the possible reason is that the release of stress is much higher than the accumulation of stress in meta-instability stage. At this stage, the velocity of S wave decreases and the decrease of S wave causes Δt_PS to increase. Then, the Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred. It is shown that the teleseismic converted wave method in this paper can monitor the variation of medium's wave velocity before large earthquakes, and it has a good prospect in seismic monitoring and worth further experimental study.     

用763长周期地震仪台网测定面波震级

根据成层介质中面波的传播理论,考虑到介质的吸收、地球介质与763地震仪所组成的线性滤波器对面波振幅和周期的影响,并假定面波最大振幅对应于Airy相,则可从理论上导出测定面波震级的量规函数为: 763（△）=3.9+0.16（△/TP）+1/3 Ig△+1/2 lg（sin△）+IgTP （1p为Airy相对应的周期。该量规函数在震中距△=20——160范围内,与IASPEI所推荐的量规函数相一致,与实际观测资料在2——178范围內都拟合得很好。 763（△）推广了IASPEI推荐的量规函数使用的震中距和周期范围,这点对我国特别重要,因为发生在中国而又被中国台网记到的地震,震中距大部分在1——20范围内。 用我国763长周期地震仪台网所观测到的垂直向面波最大振幅、周期资料,测定了103个地震的面波震级MS,763,其台网震级误差为0.14,比SK仪台网的（0.20）要小。与NEIS使用世界标准台网测定的真MSZ相比较,发现MS,763与MSZ之间,在统计上无系统差,即△MS=MS,763——MSZ的均值接近于零,而△MS的标准误差为0.21级。      

论中国地震台网测得的面波震级

文中使用了一个新的量规函数σ₃₀₀（Δ）,它是基于面波传播理论,考虑了面波的几何扩散、非弹性吸收、频散衰减以及面波优势周期随震中距的变化导出的,取全球平均Q=300。在震中距Δ=20°-160°的范围内与IASPEI推荐的面波震级的量规函数σ_IASPEI（Δ）一致,又推广了σ_IASPEI（Δ）的震中距使用范围,从1.0°-179°,以及可使用的面波周期范围（7.5-30s）,因此它更适合我国由中周期宽频带SK仪组成的台网情况。若采用此量规函数σ₃₀₀（Δ）和进行方位角改正,则可使我国台网测出的M_s与国际地震中心（ISC）测出的一致,震级误差降到0.19级,此误差与苏联台网的误差一样。     

编制区域地震波走时表方法探讨

根据区域地震台网的地震观测资料，采用网格的方法划分等区域，将观测走时和理论走时对比，计算出适合本地区的区域走时表。