高架连续梁桥动力计算研究

箱形截面是大跨度连续梁桥优先采用的截面形式,选择合适的箱梁动力分析模型是正确进行高架连续梁桥动力计算的基础。根据桥梁工程中常用的梯形截面箱梁桥的结构特点,应用薄壁梁段有限元方法,考虑箱梁横向弯扭耦合、扭转变形、畸变、桥墩变形和盆式橡胶支座等对箱梁桥动力性能垢影响,提出了高架连续梯形截面箱梁桥的动力计算模型,对某大型高架连续箱梁桥的振动特性进行了计算,所得结果对了解该桥的动态特性、建立桥梁的健康档案具有重要作用。     

南京江心洲大桥主桥的地震反应谱分析

以南京江心洲大桥主桥为研究对象,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了该独塔自锚式悬索桥的三维有限元模型,采用子空间迭代法对该桥模型进行了自振特性的分析,在其中考虑了几何非线性的影响。对该桥模型进行模态分析。在此基础上运用反应谱法计算了该桥的纵向、横向、竖向、纵向＋竖向以及横向＋竖向的地震响应,并针对其主要截面位置进行分析。结果表明,横向地震下的塔底应力比纵向、竖向输入下大,竖向地震作用下主梁地震应力要比横向、纵向地震作用下的大,塔顶位移在纵向＋竖向地震动输入时的位移值最大等。研究结果对同类桥型的工程抗震研究具有参考意义。     

预应力混凝土连续弯箱梁桥动力特性分析与试验研究

通过某预应力混凝土连续弯箱梁桥的有限元分析,并借助脉动试验和跑车试验,对预应力混凝土连续弯箱梁桥的动力特性进行研究.结果表明,该桥自振频率略高于理论计算值,结构动力刚度满足设计要求.为研究弯曲程度对连续弯箱梁桥动力特性的影响,对圆心角从0°到76°的弯桥进行计算,结果表明,随着圆心角的增大,该桥纵向频率逐渐增大,而横向频率逐渐减小.     

利用倾角传感器测试桥梁挠度的实用方法研究

考虑到桥梁的挠度与截面转角具有对应关系,提出了利用倾角传感器测试桥梁挠度的实用方法。该方法利用结构有限元模型计算单位荷载在不同位置作用时的挠度曲线,以此挠度曲线作为基准位移模式,而真实挠度为基准位移模式的线性组合;组合系数的确定采用对倾角测试数据进行最小二乘拟合的方法,有效地减少了测试误差的影响。通过有限元仿真和九江大桥实测分析结果表明,该方法精度满足工程要求,计算速度快,适合在线挠度监测。     

钢结构高温响应影响因素的研究

根据考虑几何和材料非线性及温度沿杆件截面高度线性分布等因素对钢结构常温和高温响应影响的基本方程,用自行编制的计算程序对单层双跨钢框架进行结构非线性温度响应研究,分析了弯曲应变、屈强比、梁柱刚度比、初始弹性模量等因素对结构响应的影响,并研究了温度步长、保护层厚度对结构耐火时间的影响。由计算结果发现,弯曲应变、初始弹性模量、梁柱线刚度比对梁跨中挠度及边柱柱顶水平位移影响较大,而对柱顶竖向位移影响不明显;当结构有防火保护层时,时间步长对结构耐火时间的影响不大,而保护层厚度对结构耐火时间的影响较明显。     

大型高架桥横向地震反应分析

提出了大型高架桥梯形截面薄壁箱梁地震反应分析模型。该模型可以考虑箱梁弯曲，扭转，畸变等多种因素，还能考虑箱梁结构的横向弯扭耦合振动等结构自身特性和桥墩变形，盆式橡胶支座等局部构件作用，建立了大型高架桥在地震波输入下的动力方程，计算了郑州紫荆山高架桥分别在4种典型地震波作用下的地震过程反应，计算给出了该桥的地震反应规律。论证了郑州紫荆山高架桥在地震作用下横向变形的可靠性，为该桥的抗震设计提供参考。     

混凝土箱梁桥零号块水化热过程分析研究

结合黄沙港大桥工程实际,以箱室内外温度测试数据作为边界条件,根据混凝土水化过程的热传导方程,应用有限元分析程序ANSYS,对浇筑期间预应力混凝土连续箱梁零号块结构的温度场进行了仿真分析,并将仿真计算结果与混凝土连续箱梁的实测结果进行了比较。然后,应用ANSYS软件,采用增量法,动态模拟浇筑过程中水化热温度场变化引起的结构应力变化,得到了施工过程中应力场的时间和空间分布规律。分析表明,由于顶板和底板厚度较薄、内外温差较大,温度引起的残余应力也相对较大,而腹板最终的残余应力较小。因此,应该通过覆盖保温材料,控制厚度较薄的底板和顶板的内外温差,以改善内部混凝土后期受力状况,同时要注意控制预应力张拉时间和张拉力的大小。     

高温下受弯钢梁的弹塑性弯扭屈曲分析

基于弹塑性理论,通过建立钢梁截面的弯矩曲率关系作弯矩作用平面内的弹塑性分析等几个步骤,对火灾高温作用下受弯简支钢梁在弹塑性阶段的弯扭屈曲性能变化进行了分析,给出了钢梁的临界屈曲弯矩的计算表达式。通过算例分析了钢梁弹塑性阶段临界屈曲弯矩随温度的变化,并利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟了钢梁在火灾燃烧不同时刻的竖向变形。结果表明,随着温度的升高,钢梁弹塑性阶段的临界弯矩呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而其竖向变形则逐渐增大,文中对这2个变量在不同温度条件下的具体变化情况分别进行了详细的分析和描述。     

波形钢腹板连续梁的动力特性研究

目前波形钢腹板箱梁桥的动力学研究主要以简支箱梁为主,对连续箱梁的研究很少.为此,设计制作了波形钢腹板预应力混凝土连续箱梁的模型试验梁,并建立ANSYS有限元模型对其动力特性进行了分析.为验证理论分析的正确性,采用DHDAS动态信号测试分析系统对其动力特性进行了实测,根据实测数据识别出各阶竖向弯曲振动的模态及振动频率.模型试验梁的有限元分析结果与实测结果的差别较小.因此,实践中采用所提有限元建模方法可以获得较高的精度.同时还研究了不同位置的横隔板对波形钢腹板预应力混凝土连续箱梁动力特性的影响,结果表明:支座横隔板对箱梁动力特性的影响最大,而中横隔板对箱梁的动力特性基本上没有影响.因此在实际工程中,可以适当减少中横隔板的数量,以合理节省桥梁建设成本.     

斜拉管线桥的竖向地震反应分析

在我国四川，为了使管线跨越涪江，建造了一个斜拉管线桥，本文给出了斜拉管线桥在竖向地震作用下的计算模型，在该计算模型中，桥塔视为轴向刚性，缆索看作为单向弹簧。本文还导出了缆索竖向抗拉刚度的计算公式，利用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方程，建立了斜拉管线桥体建立在竖向地震作用下的运动微分方程，使用反应谱方法，对斜拉管线桥体系进行了竖向地震反应分析。     

四川盆地钻孔温度测量及现今地热特征

基于四川盆地9口钻孔的稳态测温资料和297块岩石样品的热导率数据,报道了9个高质量的大地热流数据,提出了沉积地层岩石热导率系列柱.结合前人的数据资料,绘制了地温梯度和大地热流等值线图.四川盆地沉积地层的岩石热导率变化主要由岩性控制,与现今埋藏深度没有明显的相关性.盆地的地温梯度为17.7～33.3℃/km,平均值为22...     

Correlation-based temperature and emissivity separation algorithm

Based on analyzing the relationship between the atmospheric downward radiance and surface emis- sivity, this paper proposes a correlation criterion to optimize surface temperature during the process of temperature and emissivity separation from thermal infrared hyperspectral data, and puts forward the correlation-based temperature and emissivity separation algorithm (CBTES). The algorithm uses the correlation between the atmospheric downward radiance and surface emissivity to optimize surface temperature, and obtains surface emissivity with this temperature. The accuracy of CBTES was evalu- ated by the simulated thermal infrared hyperspectral data. The simulated results show that the CBTES can achieve high accuracy of temperature and emissivity inversion. CBTES has been compared with the iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation (ISSTES), and the comparison results show that they have relative accuracy. Besides, CBTES is insensitive to the instrumental random noise and the change of atmospheric downward radiance during the measurements. As regards the noniso- thermal pixel, its radiometric temperature changes slowly with the wavenumber when its emissivity is defined as r-emissivity. The CBTES can be used to derive the equivalent temperature of nonisothermal pixel in a narrow spectral region when we assumed that the radiometric temperature is invariable in the narrow spectral region. The derived equivalent temperatures in multi-spectral regions in 714―1250 cm?1 can characterize the change trend of nonisothermal pixel's radiometric temperature.     

The semidiurnal temperature wave and peculiarities of the diurnal variations of temperature on mountain summits

Summary On Mount Washington, the monthly average diurnal temperature variation shows, in many cases, significant deviations from the normal type. Theprimary minimum occurs in theevening; asecondary night maximum, mostly followed by a slightsecondary morning minimum is observed. The frequency of occurrence of this anomalous monthly average diurnal march of temperature is about 50 per cent. The same kind of anomalous diurnal temperature variations were found on Obir-Hannwarte (Austria, 2141m=7024ft), on the other side of the Atlantic; this suggests that we deal here with a phenomenon of a general geophysical nature. — In a recent investigation into the diurnal march of temperature on summits, the present writer arrived at the conclusion that the first two harmonic terms represent the diurnal variation with sufficient accuracy. The second term has, moreover, its own physical meaning and represents a more or less independent meteorological element. — If these conclusions are valid, the anomalous diurnal temperature variation is explained by the superposition of the half-day wave upon the whole-day wave if the ratio of the amplitudes of the two harmonic terms,a ₂/a ₁, is greater than 0.4 approximately. Generally, such ratios are found in winter with the sun at low altitudes. In this season,a ₁ is diminished to its smallest values, whilea ₂ is relatively quasi-constant in the course of the year, so thata ₂/a ₁ reaches its greatest values. The anomalous diurnal temperature variation is, however, not confined to the cold season, but only depends on the magnitude of the ratioa ₂/a ₁. This is demonstrated by means of the march of temperature onovercast days of eight July months; they show, on Obir-Hannwarte, a strongly anomalous average diurnal temperature variation with a ratioa ₂/a ₁=1.18 — Conversely, the correctness of the fundamental assumption, mentioned above, concerning the half-day wave appears to be well supported by the fact that the assumption leads to a simple explanation of the anomalous diurnal march of temperature on summits.

---

Zusammenfassung Auf dem Mount Washington zeigt der tägliche Gang der Temperatur häufig wesentliche Abweichungen vom Normalen. DasHauptminimum fällt auf dieAbendstunden; weiters tritt einsekundäres Nachtmaximum auf, das meistens von einem schwachensekundären Morgenminimum gefolgt ist. Die Häufigkeit diesesanomalem mittleren täglichen Gangs der Temperatur ist beiläufig 50% und konnte dieser auch für Obir-Hannwarte (2141 m) auf der andern Seite des Atlantik festgestellt werden, so dass man hier ein allgemein geophysikalisches Phänomen vermuten muss. In einer kürzlich erschienenen Untersuchung über den täglichen Temperaturgang auf Bergen wurde festgestellt, dass dieser mit genügender Genauigkeit durch die zwei ersten harmonischen Glieder dargestellt werden kann. Der zweite Term hat dabei seine eigene physikalische Bedeutung und muss bis zu einem gewissen Grad als unabhängiges meteorologisches Element aufgefasst werden. — Unter dieser Annahme ist der anomale Tagegang der Temperatur erklärt durch Ueberlagerung der Halbtagswelle über die Ganztagswelle, wenn nur das Amplitudenverhältnis der beiden ersten harmonischen Gliedera ₂/a ₁ grösser ist als ca. 0.4. Allgemein werden so grosse Verhältniszahlen im Winter bei tiefen Sonnenständen zustande kommen. Dann sinkta ₁ zu seinen kleinsten Werten herab, währenda ₂ relativ quasi-konstant bleibt, so dassa ₂/a ₁ seine höchsten Werte erreicht. Der anomale tägliche Temperaturgang ist jedoch nicht an die Jahreszeit gebunden, sondern an das Verhältnis vona ₂/a ₁. Als ein Beispiel wurden Temperaturregistrierungen auf dem Obir (Hannwarte) an ganz bewölkten Tagen von 8 Juli Monaten herangezogen. Es ergab sicha ₂/a ₁=1.18, und der anomale mittlere tägliche Temperaturgang zeigte sich wirklich in bester Ausbildung. — Umgekehrt, wird die Richtigkeit der erwähnten Annahmen über die Halbtagswelle der Temperatur dadurch bekräftigt, dass sie zu einer zwanglosen und einfachen Erklärung des anomalen täglichen Temperaturganges auf Gipfeln führt.

     

长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响

通过实地观测试验，并采用傅里叶分析法进行理论分析，来研究长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响规律及影响深度，为在长春地区利用浅层地温测量方法研究地质问题提供重要参数信息.地温变化幅度随深度作指数衰减，衰减系数与地表温度周期、热扩散率有关.     

Magnetic blocking temperature

Formulae are derived for the 95% and 5% magnetic blocking temperatures in a cooling orogen when the spontaneous magnetization is allowed to vary realistically as a function of temperature. The solution is obtained for an assemblage of identical magnetic moments which can set either exactly parallel to or anti-parallel to a weak applied field.     

A temperature prediction-correction method for estimating surface soil heat flux from soil temperature and moisture data

Surface soil heat flux is a component of surface energy budget and its estimation is needed in land-atmosphere interaction studies. This paper develops a new simple method to estimate soil heat flux from soil temperature and moisture observations. It gives soil temperature profile with the thermal diffusion equation and, then, adjusts the temperature profile with differences between observed and computed soil temperatures. The soil flux is obtained through integrating the soil temperature profile. Compared with previous methods, the new method does not require accurate thermal conductivity. Case studies based on observations, synthetic data, and sensitivity analyses show that the new method is preferable and the results obtained with it are not sensitive to the availability of temperature data in the topsoil. In addition, we pointed out that the soil heat flux measured with a heat-plate can be quite erroneous in magnitude though its phase is accurate.     

Internal waves and temperature fronts on slopes

Time series measurements from an array of temperature miniloggers in a line at constant depth along the sloping boundary of a lake are used to describe the ‘internal surf zone” where internal waves interact with the sloping boundary. More small positive temperature time derivatives are recorded than negative, but there are more large negative values than positive, giving the overall distribution of temperature time derivatives a small negative skewness. This is consistent with the internal wave dynamics; fronts form during the up-slope phase of the motion, bringing cold water up the slope, and the return flow may become unstable, leading to small advecting billows and weak warm fronts. The data are analysed to detect ‘events’, periods in which the temperature derivatives exceed a set threshold. The speed and distance travelled by ‘events’ are described. The motion along the slope may be a consequence of (a) instabilities advected by the flow (b) internal waves propagating along-slope or (c) internal waves approaching the slope from oblique directions. The propagation of several of the observed ‘events’ can only be explained by (c), evidence that the internal surf zone has some, but possibly not all, the characteristics of the conventional ‘surface wave’ surf zone, with waves steepening as they approach the slope at oblique angles.     

Ground-air temperature tracking and multi-year cycles in the subsurface temperature time series at geothermal climate-change observatory

Long-term observations of air, near-surface (soil) and ground temperatures, collected between 1994 and 2011, monitored in the Geothermal Climate Change Observatory at Spo?ilov, Prague (GCCO) are analyzed to better understand the relationship between these quantities and to describe the mechanism of heat transport at the land-atmosphere boundary layer. The 17 years long monitoring series provided a surprisingly small mean ground-air temperature offset of only 0.31 K with no clear annual course and with the offset value changing irregularly even on a daily scale. Such value is substantially lower than similar values (1–2 K and more) found elsewhere, but it may be well characteristic for a mild temperate zones, when all so far available information referred rather to more southern locations. As many other observed geophysical data, temperature time series consist of a systematic pattern (usually a set of identifiable components) contaminated by random noise, which makes the identification of the proper pattern difficult. To identify the existing systematic patterns (cycles) of the temperature-time series at several depth levels in the investigated depth interval 0–40 m, the observed data were processed with the help of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Recurrence Quantification Interval (RQI) analysis. The latter represents recently developed powerful technique to uncover hidden periodicities in a noisy time environment. At low frequency band the RQI may provide far finer resolution than the conventional FFT technique. The results proved considerable similarity for all investigated depth levels. In addition to the annual wave all measured series proved to have a more complex pattern including predominantly 8-year and 11 years long periodicities. The results were compared with similar analysis of the meteorological air temperature series as well as with the results of other similar studies. The potential dynamics explaining the occurrence of the 8-year wave is briefly discussed.