利用GNSS资料研究新源-和静MS6.6地震前后地壳形变与地震关系

利用2009-2011年三期GNSS观测资料,获得新源—和静6.6级地震前后震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,分析得出:(1)研究区整体呈挤压缩短趋势,南部区域运动速率总体高于北部,而中部区域运动速率高于东西两侧,这与区域构造特点有关。新源—和静MS6.6地震之后,研究区西北部区域的应力场能量得到较大的吸收和释放。(2)从研究区应变分析中可以看出,沿断层出现的主应变率正负交替区域与地震的发生有一定关系。从面膨胀等值线图可以看出,两个面收缩区之间区域是地震发生的重要区域。剪应变区域变化可以反映出地震的破裂方向。     

基于GPS的精河M_S6.6地震前地壳变形动态特征研究

利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,获得精河6.6级地震前震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,并结合区域构造背景分析该区域变形动态特征。结果表明:震前震中附近区域速度场速率逐渐增大,发震断裂两盘构造运动速率不均,震中附近区域GPS测点的速率和运动方向存在差异,反应了地壳应变能量积累。震中区域主压应变率变化反映出应力调整过程,沿断层走向的张压转换的形变高梯度带、最大剪应变梯度带可为地震预测提供参考。     

基于GPS技术研究新疆巴楚—伽师6.8级地震的地壳形变特征

利用多期流动GPS观测成果及乌什、塔什库尔干GPS站连续观测资料结果,对2003年2月24日巴楚-伽师6.8级地震前后的地壳形变特征进行了讨论.认为震前震中附近各点以15～20 mm左右的速率向NNW或NNE方向运动并在震中及邻近地区产生高剪应变值集中区,震后震中附近各点运动速率却减为几毫米;震前出现的高剪应变值集中区震后消失.同时乌什、塔什库尔干GPS连续观测站时间序列在震前2～3月也表现出大幅度突跳.     

基于GPS技术的2016年呼图壁M_S6.2地震形变特征研究

利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,通过结合区域构造背景分析呼图壁MS6.2地震震中及附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率动态变化特征。结果表明,呼图壁地震前发震构造南部区域地壳速率高于北部区域运动速率,造成发震构造两盘运动速率不同,地壳能量积蓄。呼图壁地震释放了区域积蓄的应变能量,由于区域构造因素,影响范围较小。震前震中附近区域处于压缩环境,易于聚集应变能量;震时震中区出现面膨胀等值线密集高梯度带,是地壳应变能量交换和释放剧烈区域。震中区最大剪应变变化不大,反映呼图壁地震逆冲性质,最大剪应变高值区对地震危险性有预示作用。     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震震前变形特征分析

2022年1月8日1时45分27秒青海海北藏族自治州门源县发生 M_S6.9地震,基于大地测量资料详细分析震源区的构造运动、应变演化以及深部变形特征,对于发震机理及震后危险性分析具有重要的意义。本文利用1991—2016、2017—2020期中国大陆地区GNSS速度场,分析了青藏高原东北缘各断裂带的运动学特征、门源地震震中和周边区域的地壳应变及其动态演化特征;结合剖面投影和非线性拟合算法,定量计算了托莱山、冷龙岭断裂的滑动速率和闭锁深度,得到以下认识:①青藏高原东北缘不同断裂带的运动学特征差异较大,整体以地壳缩短运动为主,局部区域伴随旋转运动; ②震中位于面膨胀率和最大剪应变率高值区的边缘,与前人关于强震地点的认识基本一致; ③区域应变参数的时空演化过程显示,震中附近应变特征整体变化不大,表明断层可能处在孕震晚期阶段; ④托莱山断裂带具有较高的滑动速率和闭锁深度,结合库仑应力的研究结果认为,该断裂未来一段时间的地震危险性仍值得关注。     

阿克陶M_S6.7地震前帕米尔东北缘地形变特征的GPS研究

利用2009～2015年4期GPS观测资料,获得阿克陶M_S6. 7地震前震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,结合区域构造背景分析该区域变形动态特征,结果表明:(1)本次地震震前研究区速度场由南向北逐渐减弱,研究区南部帕米尔区域整体运动速率高于北部的南天山区域,以发震构造为界南北部区域的速率大小和方向均有差异。(2)研究区现今应变率场与该区域长期的地质构造背景相一致,震前逐渐增强的压应变为本次地震提供发震背景。研究区剪应变变化趋势优于面膨胀变化趋势。     

基于GPS数据分析渭河盆地现今地壳形变特征

基于2001—2015年流动及连续GPS观测资料,借助多面函数拟合法建立渭河盆地水平速度场模型,并计算球面坐标下的应变特征参数。结合陕西地区地质构造背景,分析渭河盆地水平速度场及应变场分布特征。结果表明:(1)渭河盆地西部GPS速度场受青藏块体及鄂尔多斯块体共同作用明显,西部GPS速度场大于中东部,且GPS速度场有顺时针旋转的运动特征。(2)渭河盆地西部主应力场变化复杂,中部的西安地区主应变差异变化明显,与2009年11月5日高陵M_S4.4地震对应;渭河盆地西部出现最大剪应变及面应变高值区及差异变化高梯度带,在西安附近出现最大剪应变及面应变差异变化梯度带,高陵地震震中位于零值线附近。(3)2001—2010年的主应变、最大剪应变、面应变变化比2011—2015年显著,表明高陵地震发生后,应力场进行了释放调整,近期渭河盆地地震紧迫性相对较低。     

2022年青海门源6.9级地震前岩石圈磁场异常变化分析

基于青海及甘肃部分地区2020—2021年2期流动地磁测点的观测资料,获得该地区的岩石圈磁场异常变化,通过研究岩石圈磁场各个分量的变化特征,系统分析2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震前岩石圈磁场的异常变化特征。结果表明：(1)门源地震前,震中区域岩石圈磁场各个分量具有较为明显的异常显示。具体表现为：震中区域附近岩石圈磁场变化的水平矢量具有方向转向及幅值弱化的异常变化现象;垂直矢量方向出现明显的南向、北向对冲的异常现象;磁偏角在震中附近具有“0”变线和高梯级带分布;总强度和垂直分量在震中附近具有“0”变线分布,并发生弯曲。(2)依据压磁效应分析,冷龙岭断裂北部岩石圈磁场增大,应力变化主要以释放为主,应力变化应处于较低水平;冷龙岭断裂南部岩石圈磁场强度减小,应力变化主要以积累为主,应力变化应处于较高水平。门源地震前,冷龙岭断裂构造应力调整引起的压磁效应可能是造成震中区域岩石圈磁场异常变化的主要原因。     

滇西南地区深浅部构造变形特征

滇西南地区是地震多发区，研究该区的岩石圈深浅部变形特征是认识其孕震环境和地震成因的重要途径。基于自主观测和收集的GNSS观测资料，通过融合给出滇西南地区最新的GNSS速度场。采用多尺度球面小波方法计算应变率张量，分析主应变率、面应变率和最大剪应变率的空间分布特征。结果表明，滇西南地区表现出近NNE—SSW向的挤压和NNW—SSE向的拉张。近EW向断层表现为左旋走滑，近NS向断层表现为右旋走滑，黑河断裂和无量山断裂之间的区域具有明显的面压缩与面膨胀转换，畹町断裂、龙陵—瑞丽断裂东部、南汀河断裂东部、黑河断裂、澜沧断裂和小江断裂跨过红河断裂延伸到孟连、孟兴断裂区域具有较高的剪应变率，最高达到50 nstrain/a。利用1976—2020年的震源机制解，采用区域阻尼应力反演方法反演应力张量，并解算反映主应力相对大小的R值分布，反演结果表明，滇西南地区受到NNE—SSW向的主压应力作用，整体上处于走滑应力状态，而大盈江断裂东部腾冲火山附近的南北向断层存在正断兼斜滑的特点。滇西南地区的主应力大小在空间上具有明显的差异性，南汀河断裂以南是主应力最大的区域，其走滑特征也更加明显。此外，还收集了滇西...     

基于GNSS资料分析漾濞MS6.4地震前应变时空演变特征

基于云南省内及邻区2009—2020年GNSS观测数据解算结果,在各个测点时间序列和速度场的基础上,采用克里金插值方法估计区域应变率场;以连续基准站时间序列为约束,获取漾濞M_S6.4地震近场区域的块体应变时间序列。分析发现:漾濞地震发生在前期最大剪应变高值区以及面应变高梯度带的张压转换区,发震的时间处于区域应变积累速率逐渐降低的过程之后。震中近场区域均以NW向断层的右旋走滑应变积累为主,且大多呈现持续增强趋势,与漾濞地震的发震断层走向及其破裂特征一致。震前震区东部块体出现了短期应变趋势转折及反向加速的异常现象,反映了应力-应变积累在接近临界破裂状态时的非线性调整。     

青海门源6.9级地震同震及震前GNSS变形特征分析

北京时间2022年1月8日1点45分,在我国青海省门源县发生了6.9级地震.通过震中附近陆态网络GNSS连续观测数据得到的同震位移场显示,距离震中最近的QHME站同震位移最大,EW向达到20.31 mm,SW向达到-35.45 mm,震中附近五个站的同震位移反映出此次地震的左旋同震破裂特征;GNSS站间基线时间序列结果...     

甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震前后区域地壳形变分析

利用陆态网GNSS连续站及流动站观测数据处理结果,从坐标时间序列、基线时间序列、速度场、形变场等方面分析岷县漳县地震前后青藏高原东北缘地区GPS形变场变化,得出以下结论:岷县漳县地震前GNSS测站时间序列没有明显变化,震前异常不突出;地震引起不同测点不同程度的永久性同震位移,最大值达到16mm;地震前后基线变化不明显,未发现明显的前兆异常;阿拉善及附近的祁连构造带存在顺时针运动的迹象,即运动方向由东侧的南西向逐渐变到西部的北西向,运动大小的范围基本保持在7mm/a之内;区域主压应变优势方向为东北-西南向,最大主压应变区呈带状分布于研究区域南部。     

Analysis of Anomalous Characteristics of Regional Crustal Deformation before the September 16th, 2019 Zhangye MS5.0 Earthquake, Gansu, China

To study the crustal movement in the vicinity of the epicenter before the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake in 2019, the characteristics of crustal deformation before the earthquake are discussed through the GPS velocity field analysis based on the CMONOC data observed from GPS. The baseline time series between two continuous GPS stations and the strain time series of an area among several stations are analyzed in the epicenter area. The resulting time series of baseline azimuth around the epicenter reflects that the energy of the fault in the northern margin of Qilian Mountain is accumulated continuously before 2017. Besides, the movement trend of azimuth slows down after 2017, indicating the stress accumulation on both sides of the seismogenic fault zone has reached a certain degree. The first shear strain and EW-direction linear strain in the epicentral area of the Zhangye M_S5.0 earthquake remain steady after 2017, and the surface strain rate decreases gradually after 2016. It is illustrated that there is an obvious deformation loss at the epicentral region three years before the earthquake, indicating that a certain degree of strain energy is accumulated in this area before the earthquake.     

Horizontal crustal movement before the great Wenchuan earthquake obtained from GPS observations in the regional network

The great Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0 on May 12, 2008, occurred in an area with dense GPS observation stations in the regional network of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). Non-continuous observations were carried out at the 1 000 GPS stations of the regional network in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2007. The horizontal displacements at GPS stations in the regional network before the Wenchuan earthquake show that the main driving tectonic force of the earthquake was the northward pushing of the Indian plate, added at the same time by the pushing of plates on the east and south. In comparison to the displacements in other regions, the horizontal displacements near and around the seismic area is characterized by diverging eastward displacements, that is, the stations to the north of the epicenter moved in the ENE direction while those to the south of epicenter moved in ESE direction with smaller displacements at stations near the epicenter. The accuracy of the estimated strain results is briefly discussed. In order to obtain the anomalous information before the earthquake, the methods of both best fits by trend surface and statistics have been used in the study for finding the future epicentral area from the strain accumulations in the regional network observed from 1999 to 2007 before the Wenchuan earthquake. Besides the epicentral area of the western Kunlun mountain pass earthquake of M8.1 in 2001, the results of best fits by trend surfaces of the strain accumulations from 1999 to 2007 in the regional network show that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the eastern fringe of a large area with relatively large accumulations of the first shear strains and also at the northeastern fringe of a smaller area with significant accumulated areal compressions. The statistics of the accumulations of the strain components demonstrates that they also showed anomalous distribution patterns in this area and its neighborhood with increasing accumulations of both shear strains and areal compressions.     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震GNSS同震形变场及其断层滑动分布

2022年1月8日在青海省海北州门源县发生M_S6.9地震,本次地震是继2016年门源M_S6.4地震后冷龙岭断裂周边发生的又一次强震。确定本次地震的破裂分布对分析该地区震害风险具有重要意义。通过收集震中及周边12个GNSS连续站点和震后加密观测的17个流动站点观测资料,获取了震中100 km范围内29个测站的GNSS静态同震形变场,并以此为约束反演了本次地震同震滑动分布。结果显示,近场GNSS观测到的最大形变量可达1.3 m。反演的最优破裂模型显示该地震主破裂区深度位于0～10 km,滑动破裂出露地表,最大滑动量为4.07 m,地震矩释放能量约1.1×10¹⁹ N·m,对应矩震级M_W6.7。门源地震破裂至地表是造成该地区基础设施破坏的直接原因。     

Analysis of Abnormal Characteristics of Regional Crustal Deformation before the Menyuan MS6.4 Earthquake by GPS Continuous Data

In order to study the characteristics of crustal deformation around the epicenter before the 2016 M_S6.4 Menyuan earthquake, the GPS continuous stations of the period from 2010 to 2016 were selected according to the observation data of the tectonic environment monitoring network in Chinese Mainland. The deformation characteristics of the crust before the earthquake were discussed through inter-station baseline time series analysis and the strain time series analysis in the epicentral region. The results show that a trend turn of the baseline movement state around the epicenter region occurred after 2014, and the movement after 2014 reflects an obvious decreasing trend of compressional deformation. During this period, the stress field energy was in a certain accumulation state. Since the beginning of 2014, the EW-component linear strain and surface strain rate weakened gradually before the earthquake. It shows that there was an obvious deformation deficit at the epicentral area in the past two years, which indicates that the region accumulated a high degree of strain energy before the earthquake. Therefore, there was a significant background change in the area before the earthquake. The results of the study can provide basic research data for understanding the seismogenic process and mechanism of this earthquake.     

GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE IN CANGWU IN 2016

Based on the mobile gravity observation data in 2014-2016 in Guangxi and its adjacent areas, this paper systematically analyzed the changes of regional gravity field and its relation to the M_S5.4 Cangwu, Guangxi earthquake on July 31, 2016, and combined with GPS observation data and seismic geological survey results, discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the changes of regional gravity field and its mechanism. The results show that:(1) Before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake, the gravity anomaly changes near the earthquake area were closely related to the major faults in space, which reflects the crustal deformation and tectonic activities that caused the surface gravity change along the seismogenic fault in the period of 2014-2016; (2) The gravity changes near the epicenter before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake showed an evolution process in which the positive gravity anomaly zone changed to the negative gravity anomaly zone, a gravity gradient belt appeared along NNE direction and the earthquake occurred in its reverse change process; (3) The epicenter of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake located both near the gravity gradient belt and in the zero transition zone of the surface strain gradient and the edge of the high maximum shear strain rate area, the observational fact further proved that the dynamic image of gravitational field and deformation field have important instruction significance to the location prediction of strong earthquakes; (4) in recent years, the gravity dynamic change in northwestern Guangxi presented a four-quadrant distribution pattern, and there is the risk of generating earthquake of magnitude about 5 in the center of the quadrants.