基于双线性插值的三维横向各向同性介质初至波射线追踪

给出了基于旅行时双线性插值(LTI)的三维横向各向同性(VTI)介质中的地震初至波旅行时计算及射线追踪方法,通过三维均匀及水平层状VTI介质模型的试算,证实了该方法的准确性及适应性.该方法可用于三维VTI介质中的深度偏移及层析成像.     

110kV及以上变电站地震易损性研究

本文提出了根据变电站内高压电气设备和房屋建筑的地震破坏状态计算变电站震害指数的方法,统计了2008年汶川8.0级大地震中成都、绵阳、德阳、广元、阿坝地区国家电网的121座110kV及以上变电站的震害情况,通过震害指数进行了震害等级评价。采用对数正态分布的累积函数,拟合了变电站基于峰值加速度的地震易损性曲线。计算结果表明:当地震烈度在Ⅶ度及以下时,变电站和输电线路只有基本完好和轻微破坏状态,不发生中等及以上等级的破坏;当地震烈度为Ⅷ度时,有变电站开始出现严重破坏状态;当烈度达到Ⅸ度时,有少量变电站发生严重破坏,多数为中等破坏;当烈度为X度及以上时,多数变电站达到严重破坏和毁坏。     

温度对铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁抗震性能的影响分析

为了研究温度对铅芯橡胶支座（LRB）隔震桥梁抗震性能的影响,以一座七跨连续梁桥为对象,考虑LRB在夏季和冬季不同温度下的力学特性,利用OpenSees对桥梁抗震性能进行研究。通过对不同温度下墩柱、支座及桥梁系统的地震易损性分析,获得了温度对铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明:（1）与夏季相比,冬季低温降低了桥墩的延性及LRB的剪切变形和耗能能力,使地震作用时墩顶位移和支座变形均小于夏季,降低了LRB的减震效果;（2）冬季低温增大了地震作用时桥墩、LRB及桥梁系统在各个破坏状态的损伤概率,在中等及严重破坏状态时损伤概率相比夏季分别增加了8%和15%。在寒冷地区进行LRB隔震桥梁设计时,应考虑低温导致的LRB隔震效果降低对桥梁抗震性能的影响。     

时频分析方法在形变数据中的应用研究

时频分析是分析非线性非平稳信号的有力工具。本文在小波变换、S变换和Hilbert-Huang变换基础上,通过设计仿真数据及运用地形变数据,分析了形变数据处理中三种方法各自的优劣、适用范围及需要改进的地方;运用三种方法分别对汶川地震前后的宽频带及整时采样数据进行分析,得到了不同时频方法在分析震前异常时的结果。     

汶川地震中强震动相对持时的空间变化特性研究

使用70％和90％能量持时定义,计算了汶川Ms8.0大地震中获取的来自109个台站强震动加速度记录的相对持时,并以此在竖向及两个水平向上分别进行了回归统计分析,得到了地震动持时的空间变化关系,给出了适合汶川地震地震动的持时定义.对比分析了上盘和下盘2个区域持时空间变化特征,进一步计算了地震动竖向持时与两个水平向持时的比...     

多层地壳模型近地震波走时表计算方法及程序设计

本文讨论了计算区域地震波走时表的方法,整理出完整的多层地壳模型四类近地震波时距方程式,详细讨论了理论时距方程及其数值解法,取得了拟合观测时距曲线的方法和经验,设计出理论时距方程求解、拟合观测时距曲线及编表的比较完整的计算程序。     

地震信号分数阶Gabor变换谱分解方法及应用

本文将分数阶Gabor变换(FrGT)引入到地震信号的分析与处理中,即利用新近兴起的分数域时频分析技术及其良好的局部时频能量聚集特性,进行地震信号的分数域谱分解及特征分析.论文在基本Gobor变换原理基础上推导了FrGT的公式及紧支撑时频带宽积下的最优阶次确定方法,建立了FrGT的一般流程,并进行了信号的数值仿真和性能...     

考虑地震动持时的液化场地-桩基振动台试验设计

振动台试验中地震动输入是一个关键因素,地震动持时压缩是1-G振动台试验设计中的重要环节,地震动持时压缩后,地震动特性发生改变,对地基-结构体系动力响应产生显著影响。为了研究振动台试验中地震动输入特性,特别是地震动持时压缩对可液化场地-结构体系地震非线性动力响应的影响,本论文较系统地阐述了振动台试验的整体设计思路,其中重点阐述了相似比设计思路及持时压缩方法、模型地基及结构制备、叠层剪切型模型箱性能、传感器布设及新型传感技术、持时压缩后地震动特性的变化、数据处理方法。成套方案设计思路为振动台试验提供了完备、科学的方法。     

客运专线桥梁基于性能的抗震设计研究

从基于性能的抗震设计理念出发,给出了客运专线桥梁结构的性能目标及各性能水准下的桥墩地震破损描述,明确并量化了桥墩各抗震性能目标的验算内容。给出了小震不坏及可控制中震损伤的验算方法,简化能力谱法计算位移延性系数,指出了大震时最大位移验算的不足,讨论了桥墩大震时地震损伤指数的计算与验算,通过算例详细介绍了基于性能的抗震设计方法与过程。     

磁铁温度系数及感应系数的测定

測定磁棒磁矩的溫度系数时,用了一个电流綫圈以抵消磁矩变化的影响,因而簡化了計算工作。測定磁棒的綫膨胀系数时,利用現有設备及一个比較簡单的装置,得到了相当准确的結果。測定磁棒感应系数使用的螺綫管（納尔逊法）中磁場的均勻性,在纵方向及横方向都作了核算,因而对它們的影响,能进一步加以估計。綫圈及其他磁强計附加装置也还准确而簡单易制。     

轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙延性的非线性有限元分析

轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙结构作为新型结构在工程界要得到认同并推广使用,必须对该结构的各项性能指标进行系统的试验研究和理论分析。本文应用ADINA有限元软件对轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙延性进行非线性有限元分析,根据不同的高宽比、轴压比、轻钢骨配筋率以及端部配筋模型的计算结果,对该结构体系的延性及其破坏形态进行综合分析,并对轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙轴压比设计提出建议。分析结果表明,高宽比主要控制轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙的破坏形态,轴压比对其结构的延性的影响最为显著,而端部配筋对其延性影响不大。     

Remote and local forcing of a coastal lagoon: The Virginia Coast Reserve

The effects of local and remote wind forcing of water level heights in the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) are examined in order to determine the significant forces governing estuarine motions over subtidal time scales. Recent (1996–2008) data from tide and wind stations in the lagoon, a tide station to the north at Sandy Hook, NJ, and one offshore wind station at the Chesapeake Light Tower are examined. Sea surface height spectrum calculations reveal significant diurnal and semidiurnal tidal effects along with subtidal variations, but a suppressed inertial signal. Sea-surface heights (SSH) with 2–5 day periods at Wachapreague, VA are coherent with those at Sandy Hook and lag them in time, suggesting that southward-propagating continental shelf waves provide subtidal variability within the lagoon. The coherence between lagoon winds and sea surface height, as well as between winds and cross-lagoon sea height gradient, were significant at a relatively small number of frequency and wind direction combinations. The frequencies at which this wind forcing occurs are the tidal and subtidal bands present to the north, so that lagoon winds selectively augment existing SSH signals, but do not generate them. The impact of the wind direction is closely related to the geometry of the lagoon and bounding landmasses. The effect of wind stress is also constrained by geometry in affecting the cross-lagoon water height gradient. Water levels at subtidal frequencies are likely forced by a combination of local wind forcing, remote wind forcing and oceanic forcing modified by the complex topography of the lagoon, shelf, and barrier islands.     

Isolating quartz-dominated OSL signal of rock slice by using pulsed stimulation: Implications for dating burial age of cobbles

Although the OSL signal sourced from quartz is expected to be more stable and bleached more rapidly than the IRSL signal sourced from feldspar in a general sense, the former is much less investigated than the latter for rock surface related luminescence dating. It is mainly due to the difficulty in isolating quartz-dominated OSL signals from rock slices, and the low sensitivity and non-fast component dominated OSL signals for quartz in most of rocks. In merit of the sub-conduction band transition of trapped electrons of feldspar under both green light stimulation and IR stimulation at elevated temperature (Jain and Ankjӕrgaard, 2011), it is expected that the contribution of feldspars to the green light stimulated luminescence could be substantially reduced by a prior IR stimulation at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, more fast-component dominated quartz OSL signal (if there is any) could be obtained by green light stimulation (Bailey et al., 2011). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of using the post-IR pulsed green stimulation, which is performed at 25 °C (PGLSL₂₅) following two IR stimulations (IR₅₀IR₂₂₅), to isolate the quartz-dominated OSL signals from rock slices of granite cobbles for burial dating. The decay characteristics of stimulation curve, characteristic saturation dose and thermal stability of the pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ signal suggest that this signal is quartz-dominated, but still not fast-component dominated. We tentatively validated the equivalent dose (D_e) measurement protocol by dose recovery experiment. The luminescence-depth profiles show that the bleaching depths of pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ signals are slightly smaller than or close to that of the IR₅₀ signals, while they are much shallower for the pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ signals. The pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ procedure enables multiple D_e values determined from luminescence signals, with different bleachabilities and stabilities, from both feldspars and quartz in one measurement, which is of potential for buried age dating of cobbles.     

几种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求研究

对4种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求进行了初步的实验研究。结果证明,强光照射可以打破菹草繁殖芽的休眠,促使其在夏初萌发,推论菹草繁殖芽的夏季休眠可能与其所处的水底光照不足有关。苦草、黑藻及金鱼藻营养繁殖体的萌发无需光刺激,但当水底相对光照强度小于5％时形成白化苗,不能进行正常的光合作用。沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发期的水底光照条件是决定沉水植物能否再生的关键因素。     

计算地震初至波视出射角方法

在理论上证明了使用地震初至波位移、速度或加速度记录资料在时间域或频率域计算视出射角,使视出射角计算不受位移记录及时间域限制。在干扰信号频率段与有效信号频率段存在差异时分别在时间域和频率域进行了视出射角计算,结果表明在频率域中得到的视出射角基本与理论值相符,与方位角无关;而在时间域中获得的视出射角与理论值波动很大。应用实际地震波记录资料计算了不同台站的视出射角,其结果同样表明在频率域中获得的视出射角比时间域视出射角更加稳定和可信。     

An application of waveform denoising for microseismic data using polarization–linearity and time–frequency thresholding

Noise suppression or signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement is often desired for better processing results from a microseismic dataset. In this paper, a polarization–linearity and time–frequency‐thresholding‐based approach is used for denoising waveforms. A polarization–linearity filter is initially applied to preserve the signal intervals and suppress the noise amplitudes. This is followed by time–frequency thresholding for further signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement in the S transform domain. The parameterisation for both polarization filter and time–frequency thresholding is also discussed. Finally, real microseismic data examples are shown to demonstrate the improvements in processing results when denoised waveforms are considered in the workflow. The results indicate that current denoising approach effectively suppresses the background noise and preserves the vector fidelity of signal waveform. Consequently, the quality of event detection, arrival‐time picking, and hypocenter location improves.     

SEISMIC SIGNAL DETECTION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION*

In the mathematical theory of seismic signal detection and parameter estimation given, the seismic measurements are assumed to consist of a sum of signals corrupted by additive Gaussian white noise uncorrelated to the signals. Each signal is assumed to consist of a signal pulse multiplied by a space-dependent amplitude function and with a space-dependent arrival time. The signal pulse, amplitude, and arrival time are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. For this signal-and-noise model, the maximum likelihood method is equivalent to the method of least squares which will be shown to correspond to using the signal energy as coherency measure. The semblance coefficient is equal to the signal energy divided by the measurement energy. For this signal model we get a more general form of the semblance coefficient which reduces to the usual expression in the case of a constant signal amplitude function. The signal pulse, amplitude, and arrival time can be estimated by a simple iterative algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm on seismic field data is demonstrated.     

Theory and seismic applications of the eigenimage discrete wavelet transform

Discrete wavelet transforms are useful in a number of signal processing applications. To improve the scale resolution, a joint function of time, scale and eigenvalue that describes the energy density or intensity of a signal simultaneously in the wavelet and eigenimage domains is constructed. A hybrid method, which decomposes eigenimages in the wavelet domain, is developed and tested on field data with a variety of noise types. Several illustrative examples examine the ability of wavelet transforms to resolve features at several scales. Successful applications to time‐lapse seismic reservoir monitoring are presented. In reservoir monitoring, the scale‐dependent properties of the eigenstructure of the 4D data covariance matrix enable us to extract the low‐frequency time‐lapse signal that is the result of internal diffusive losses caused by fluid flow.     

伪随机编码源激发下的时域电磁信号合成

将伪随机编码技术引入到人工源电磁法后,可以通过加大发射功率以及应用后续的相关处理技术来达到压制噪声、加大探测深度及提高分辨率的目的,因此引起了越来越多学者的关注及研究,但大多数研究集中在资料处理的相关技术上,对模拟电磁信号关注较少.然而,资料处理工作大多是从电磁信号出发的,模拟伪随机编码源激发下的电磁信号不但可以为资料处理环节提供理论数据,而且可以为检测资料处理的效果提供中间结果,因此,模拟电磁信号工作必不可少.本文根据获得接收信号的物理过程来实现伪随机编码源激发下的电磁信号合成.首先用解析公式获得特定地电结构的大地频率域响应,然后通过余弦变换得到时间域阶跃响应,接下来用阶跃响应的时间导数得到大地脉冲响应,通过将大地脉冲响应与伪随机编码源的褶积得到理想接收信号,最后,用低通滤波器来模拟发射设备和接收设备的频带限制,将之和噪声一起加到理想接收信号上,最终模拟出仿真的合成信号.通过和野外实际接收信号对比发现本文合成信号仿真度较高,可以服务于后续的数据处理环节.     

光隔测试信号发生器的设计与使用

在数字化前兆遥测台网的信号传输链路中,光隔主侧、光隔副侧是一个故障多发点。为维修方便,笔者研制了光隔测试信号发生器,提高了光隔维修质量。