OJ287双黑洞轨道计算:3.5阶后牛顿近似

大质量双黑洞OJ287是一个强引力辐射源.为了探测其引力波信号,需要知道波形,而这主要是由轨道运动所决定.为此,从广义相对论3.5阶后牛顿近似的运动方程出发对OJ287的轨道进行仔细研究,取大黑洞位置固定作为近似,给出了后牛顿近似下3.5阶的次黑洞轨道解,比他人2.5阶的工作高了一阶.次黑洞撞击吸积盘面到光学爆发存在时间延迟,这对于确定轨道参数有很大影响.利用径向距离与爆发时间关系的线性模型,对最近7次爆发时刻的观测值拟合,给出了更精确的OJ287双黑洞的轨道参数及其运动轨道.分析了计算结果,研究运动特征,并且发现了两个新性质:次黑洞进动在初期增加,在晚期接近并和时,进动达到最大值,然后减小并越过0而趋于负值.尚不能确定晚期的这个行为是否由3.5阶近似不够准确所造成.运动方程中耗散性的辐射项,后牛顿2.5阶和3.5阶的系数具有相反的符号.这意味着3.5阶项反而是从外界吸收能量.但2.5阶与3.5阶之和仍然是向外辐射引力波的,体系能量变化率为负.这个工作的计算结果可以用来更精确地计算OJ287的引力辐射.     

彗木相撞中的惯性引力波

苏梅克-列维9号彗星(SL9)与木星相撞后，在木星上观测到的以常速度(～450m／s)向外扩展的圆环意味着这是碰撞在木星大气中引起的线性波动．我们选取：非旋转、无粘性、密度分层、不可压缩的木星大气模型，而且木星大气以水平速度U=b az运动；给出初始扰动压力P(r；0)作为碰撞的初始条件，用流体力学方程组求解了彗木相撞中的惯性引力波．结果表明：当木星大气以速度U=U0(～170m／s)运动时，彗星碎片的大部分能量都用来产生内波，同时还得到彗星碎片的撞击深度H与水平相速Vp的关系式．当木星大气以速度为U=b az运动时，木星大气的扰动能量不再是在动能和势能间均分。     

GPS/LEO掩星技术中Abel积分变换的奇点问题

在GPS／LEO无线电掩星反演地球大气技术中，Abel积分是反演地球大气折射指数的最常用的方法，Abel积分存在积分奇点的问题，根据这一问题讨论了解决奇异积分的几种不同的积分方法，并提出了一种直接求Abel积分变换的解析解．通过数值积分模拟计算，对比了各种不同积分方法引入了的计算误差。     

吸积盘整体结构的统一描述

在考虑径向对流和不同光学厚度的基础上，我们采用一般的辐射致冷假设；在统一的框架内考察了吸积盘的整体结构．对α模型，我们发现在不同的盘区存在不同的整体结构．在吸积率较低时，存在三种类型解：光学厚的局部辐射致冷解；光学薄的局部致冷解；光学薄的对流致冷解．这些解在盘内较大范围内都存在且互不交叉．但在吸积率较高和粘滞系数较大时，两种局部致冷解会相互交叉，而对流为主的解在所有盘区都稳定存在．另一方面，在吸积率较高和粘滞系数较小时，两种光学薄解会相互交叉，而光学厚和局部致冷为主的解在所有盘区都存在．     

天文学报第46卷（2005）总目次

宇宙学 宇宙微波背景辐射极化的近似解析公式...........……张杨 长守暴时域功率密度谱与光度的强相关..................…… ..........................……杨宇宋黎明申荣锋 三轴椭球模型下的52效应星系团计数...................…… 初始谱指数为一1的非线性重谱(BisPectrum)...……侯永辉 郝蓄赵文(l) 黎卓 沈国鹏 景益鹏 昌雨生 虞骏 赵东海 (117) (353) (364) 星团与星协 球状星团M79的自行测定和轨道运动..........……王家骥陈力陈鼎(207) 恒星的形成、结构与演化，恒星大气 恒星黑子对恒星视星等颜色和视锉丰度的影响.......…     

星系团的引力透镜效应及宇宙微波背景辐射的各向异性

本文研究了Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ随机分布的星系团作为引力透镜天体,其横向本动速度引起的运动引力透镜效应对宇宙背景辐射（ＣＢＲ）温度涨落各向异性的影响．对星系团的密度结构及其引力透镜效应,我们采用Ｈｅｒｎｑｕｉｓｔ模型,并在此基础上,利用星系团的统计理论,在冷暗物质及等曲率重子扰动模型框架下,计算了运动引力透镜效应对ＣＢＲ温度涨落各向异性的贡献．     

倾斜冷暗物质谱与宇宙中可观测结构

为了缓解标准冷暗物质模型在解释一些观测现象时所遇到的困难，本文考察了倾斜冷暗物质谱模型。在ＢＢＫＳ原初扰动场统计理论的基础上，本文根据天体质量函数的计算公式和背景－天体相互作用的估计方法，计算了星系群和星系团的质量函数，并与最新观测质量函数作了对比，又分析和计算了在各种空洞尺度上天体密度的变化。计算结果表明，倾斜冷暗物质谱模型在与ＣＯＢＥ卫星观测结果相容的前提下，能在上述两个方面缓解标准冷暗物质模型所遇到的困难。     

重构Ly-α线丛的功率谱约束对数正态(LN)模型参数

选择3个类星体Keck观测样本,使用Gauss化方法重构宇宙质量密度扰动场,并计算相应的小波功率谱．同时,设定对数正态(LN)模型中的形状因子Γ和平滑因子r为自由参数,并通过数值模拟生成模拟样本,与观测样本的统计结果做拟合,来确定Γ和r．结合观测的辐射流量功率谱和数值模拟的结果可以唯一确定Γ的值,最后得到Γ≈0．50,r≈0．0g．类星体的辐射流量是非Gauss的,使用传统的Gauss化方法无法消除非Gauss特征．但是观测样本和数值模拟样本的偏斜谱、峰度谱以及尺度-尺度相关等非Gauss特征的表征量在研究的尺度(>100kpc)上表现一致,这就支持了拟合的结果．     

非绝热过程对太阳p模振动的影响

本文讨论了与非绝热性有关的辐射损失和对流转移对太阳ｐ模振动的影响．在非绝热情况下，ｐ模的本征频率增加了虚部σ（１）ｉ和σ（２）ｉ．本文试图探讨一种渐进方法研究非绝热效应对太阳ｐ模振动的影响．在渐进近似失效的太阳外大气层，利用表面相移的相关关系给出了非绝热振动方程的严格解．对低、中间频率的振动模，通过渐进解和表面解在外大气层的拟合，得到表面相移只是频率的函数．与绝热振动相比，考虑非绝热效应有可能改善太阳５分钟振动的理论频率和观测频率之间存在的偏差．     

宇宙常数和星系团

在Ｘ射线观测提高了星系团质量和半径测量精度的新形势下，本文讨论了宇宙常数不等于零的平坦宇宙冷暗物质结构形成模型，利用球对称扰动区在宇宙常数不为零时的动力学方程的解，估计了星系团形成红移与宇宙常数是否为零的关系，计算了星系团质量函数随红移的演化．计算表明，红移为零时星系团的数密度基本上由谱参数Γ决定．若假定星系团质量只有２０％的不确定性，可限定Γ的适用范围约为０．１５－０．３２．高红移星系团的数密度观测不仅有可能对宇宙常数是否为零作出鉴别，而且当精度够高时还能对宇宙物质密度的大小作出限制     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

Born–Infeld type phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω _φ ∼−1, Ω _φ =1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.      

A Comparison of Several Image Locating Algorithms in Astronomical Instruments

In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively.