利用测井信息评价盐湖相烃源岩

盐湖相烃源岩富含膏、盐质成分,使其测井响应特征发生极大改变,给测井评价烃源岩带来困难。基于实测数据,分析了盐湖相烃源岩中普遍发育的纯泥岩、含膏(盐)泥岩和膏(盐)质泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应模式,发现纯泥岩和含膏(盐)泥岩TOC与AC和LogRt呈正比,与DEN呈反比,膏(盐)质泥岩TOC与DEN呈正比,与LogRt呈反比,并基于此建立了盐湖相烃源岩测井评价方法,即首先利用ΔGR区分岩性,再针对不同岩性建立TOC评价模型,最后根据实测S₁+S₂和TOC建立相关关系,就可以求取烃源岩的TOC和S₁+S₂。利用该方法对东营凹陷沙四下亚段烃源岩性质和展布进行分析,发现预测TOC与实测TOC吻合程度高,具有一定推广价值。     

中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究

为了研究中国西南岩溶洞穴植物区系与生物多样性特征, 作者曾两次对云南昆明地区12个岩溶洞穴进行了野外考察和苔藓植物标本采集工作。其中含昆明市石灰岩洞穴1个, 石林县石灰岩洞穴5个和宜良县白云岩洞穴6个。根据采自12个岩溶洞穴洞口带的164件苔藓植物标本研究, 本文首次报道昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物10科18属25种。昆明地区洞穴中分布较多的苔藓植物科有丛藓科( Po ttiaceae) 5属8种,凤尾藓科( Fi ssidentaceae ) 1属4种,柳叶藓科( Amblystegiaceae ) 3 属3 种和青藓(Brachytheciaceae ) 2属3种。溶洞中较常见的4种苔藓植物种类是萤光苔类植物光苔Cyathodiumcavernarum Kunze ( 见于6个溶洞中) , 小凤尾藓Fissidens bryoides Hedw ( 见于4个溶洞中) , 橙色净口藓Gymnostonum calcareum Nees et Ho rsch (见于3 个溶洞中)和长叶扭口藓Tortella tortuosa( Hedw ) Limp ( 见于3个溶洞中)。野外观察表明,受洞穴弱光环境生态因子的限制, 昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物主要生长于洞穴洞口0～ 26m带范围内; 2种丛集型藓类植物, 橙色净口藓Gymnostonumcalcareum Nees et Horsch, 和钩喙净口藓G.recurvirost re Hedw 参与洞口带钟乳石或石笋钙华沉积。      

Analysis on the deployment of mining research supported by the grant program of Deep Resources Exploration and Mining

The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM) grant program, within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants, is a pillar to implement China's science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation. To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining, a section of mining, covering the research of basic theories, general technologies and application demonstration, was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of "whole chain design, integrated implementation". In the aspect of basic research, DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory, such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock, deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory. For the general and key technologies, DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting, excavation, rock breaking, mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines. For the demonstration application, taking green, safe and efficient as the starting point, DREAM aimed at the green, safe and high efficiency mining, and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining. Since 2016, 10 RD projects have been funded, and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved. It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China.     

Principles of Probabilistic Regional Mineral Resource Estimation

Five principal sources of uncertainty in quantitative mineral resource estimation are listed and illustrated by means of a simple example (mosaic model) and a case history study for large copper deposits in the Abitibi area of the Canadian Shield. Abitibi copper potential originally was estimated on the basis of 1968 estimates of production and reserves totalling 3.12 Mt Cu. This prognostication now could be evaluated on the basis of 2008 copper production and reserves totalling 9.50 Mt Cu. An earlier hindsight study performed on the basis of 1977 data (totalling 5.23 Mt Cu) showed seven new discoveries occurring either in the immediate vicinities of known deposits or on broad regional copper anomalies predicted from the 1968 inputs. By 1977, the global geographic distribution pattern of large copper deposits in the Abitibi area had stabilized. During the next 30 years, new copper was essentially found close to existing deposits, much of it deeper down in the Earth's crust. In this paper, uncertainties associated with copper ore tonnage are analyzed by comparison of 2008 data with 1968 data using (a) log-log plots of size versus rank, and (b) lognormal QQ-plots. Straight lines fitted by least squares on these plots show that 1968 slopes provide good estimates of 2008 slopes but 1968 intercepts are much less than 2008 intercepts. In each linear log-weight versus log-rank plot, the slope is related to fractal dimension of a Pareto frequency distribution, and in a lognormal QQ-plot it is determined by logarithmic variance. The difference between 2008 and 1968 intercepts represents the increase in copper ore production and reserves from 1968 to 2008. The Pareto model fits actual copper and massive sulphides increase over the past 40 years better than the lognormal frequency distribution model for 10 km×10 km cells on favorable environments in the Abitibi area.      

Application of 3D Static Modelling in Reservoir Characterization: A Case Study from the Qishn Formation in Sharyoof Oil Field, Masila Basin, Yemen

Three-dimensional(3 D)static modelling techniques are applied to the characterization of the Qishn Formation(Fm.)in the Sharyoof oil field locating within the Masila basin,southeastern Yemen.The present study was initiated by the seismic structural interpretation,followed by building a 3 D structural framework,in addition to analysing well log data and from these,3 D facies and petrophysical models are constructed.In the Sharyoof oil field,the Qishn Fm.exhibits depth values within the range of 400-780 m below sea level,with a general increase towards the SSE.A set of high dip angle normal faults with a general ENE-WSW trend dissect the rocks.The strata are also folded as a main anticline with an axis that is parallel to the fault trend,formed as a result of basement uplift.According to the facies models,the Qishn Fm.comprises 43.83% limestone,21.53% shale,21.26% sandstone,13.21% siltstone and 0.17% dolomite.The Qishn Carbonates Member has low porosity values making it a potential seal for the underlying reservoirs whereas the Upper Qishn Clastics SI A and C have good reservoir quality and SIB has fair reservoir quality.The Upper Qishn Clastics S2 and S3 also have fair reservoir quality,while the Lower Qishn Clastics zone has good reservoir quality.The water saturation decreases towards the west and east and increases towards north and south.The total original oil in-place(OOIP)of the Upper Qishn clastics is 106 million STB within the SI A,SIC and S2 zones.Drilling of development wells is recommended in the eastern study area,where good trapping configuration is exhibited in addition to the presence of a potential seal(Upper Qishn Carbonates Member)and reservoir(Qishn Clastics Member)with high porosity and low water saturation.     

印度共和国地质构造与区域成矿

印度共和国位于南亚次大陆中部,陆地面积297.32万km2(不包括印控克什米尔地区与锡金),北部为喜马拉雅高山区,海拔平均为5500m;中部是印度河-恒河-布拉马普特河(在中国境内称雅鲁藏布江)平原,平均海拔100~200m,是印度经济最发达、人口最稠密地区;南部是印度半岛高原区,西高东低,     

多年冻土环境对寒区天然气管线稳定性的影响

Field investigations of several gas mains in different geosystems were carried out in Noviy Urengoy region (Eastern Siberia) in September, 2003. There were on ground pipelines covered with peat or sand. In case of small rivers pipelines were elevated by pile support on the shores. Because pipelines were applied in cryolithozone that means special secure methods used in pipeline systems functioning and operating. There are multiple sites of natural landscapes destructed or totally destroyed during building and exploiting of the pipelines. That causes negative cryogenic processes development. The most dangerous one is the heaving, that reaches up to several meters in humid landscapes. The complex thermoerosion, thermokarst and heaving occur very often at one site. The heaving of piles leads to pipe deformations and the emergency situations to occur. It is possible to predict negative cryogenic processes development and so far to reduce an emergency risk.     

Magmatic and hydrothermal zircon growth during multiple orogenic cycles in an evolving mantle wedge

The Hongseong area of the Hongseong-Imjingang Belt in the central-western Korean Peninsula forms part of a subduction-collision system that is correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Belt in China. Several serpentinized ultramafic bodies carrying blocks of metamorphosed mafic rocks occur in this area. Here we investigate zircon grains in serpentinites from Bibong(BB) and Wonnojeon(WNJ), and high-pressure(HP) mafic granulite from Baekdong(BD) localities based on U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf analyses. The zircons from BD HP mafic granulite show distinct age peaks at 838 Ma, 617 Ma and 410 Ma, with minor peaks at1867 Ma, 1326 Ma and 167 Ma. The Neoproterozoic age peaks in these rocks as well as in the serpentinites suggest subduction-related melt-fluid interaction in the mantle wedge at this time. The older zircon grains ranging in age from the Early to Middle Paleoproterozoic might represent detrital grains from the basement rocks transferred to the wedge mantle through sediment subduction. The BD HP mafic granulite shows a Middle Paleozoic age peak(Devonian; 410 Ma). The 242-245 Ma age peaks in the compiled age data of zircon grains serpentinites from BB and WNJ correspond to a major Triassic event that further added melts and fluids into the ancient mantle wedge to crystallize new zircons. In the chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram, the magmatic zircon grains from the studied rocks show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with sharply negative Eu and Pr anomalies and positive Ce and Sm anomalies. The REE patterns of hydrothermal zircons show LREE enrichment, and relatively flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Zircon Hf signature from the WNJ serpentinite show negative εHf(t)(-18.5 and-23.5) values indicating an enriched mantle source with TDM in the range of 1614 Ma and1862 Ma. Zircons from the BD HP mafic granulite also show slightly negative εHf(t)(average-4.3) and TDM in the range of 1365-1935 Ma. Our study provides evidence for multiple zircon growth in an evolving mantle wedge that witnessed melt and fluid interaction during different orogenic cycles.     

Advanced reliability analysis of slopes in spatially variable soils using multivariate adaptive regression splines

This study aims to extend the multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)-Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method for reliability analysis of slopes in spatially variable soils. This approach is used to explore the influences of the multiscale spatial variability of soil properties on the probability of failure(P_f) of the slopes. In the proposed approach, the relationship between the factor of safety and the soil strength parameters characterized with spatial variability is approximated by the MARS, with the aid of Karhunen-Loeve expansion. MCS is subsequently performed on the established MARS model to evaluate Pf.Finally, a nominally homogeneous cohesive-frictional slope and a heterogeneous cohesive slope, which are both characterized with different spatial variabilities, are utilized to illustrate the proposed approach.Results showed that the proposed approach can estimate the P_f of the slopes efficiently in spatially variable soils with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, the approach is relatively robust to the influence of different statistics of soil properties, thereby making it an effective and practical tool for addressing slope reliability problems concerning time-consuming deterministic stability models with low levels of P_f.Furthermore, disregarding the multiscale spatial variability of soil properties can overestimate or underestimate the P_f. Although the difference is small in general, the multiscale spatial variability of the soil properties must still be considered in the reliability analysis of heterogeneous slopes, especially for those highly related to cost effective and accurate designs.     

Analysis on the law of occurrence of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou City of Henan Province,China

In this paper,through data collection and field investigation,the development and utilization status of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou urban area was discussed.Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions,rock and soil structure characteristics and field test research,the spatial distribution characteristics of rock and soil in the study area were summarized.The study shows that Zhoukou City is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai,and the loose deposits of river alluvial genesis range 0-200 m.These loose deposits and groundwater stored in their pores are the main carriers of shallow geothermal energy.In the central part of the Yinghe River in the middle of the study area,the aquifer thickness is within 200 m,the particle size is coarser,the water-bearing degree and recharge capacity is better.On this basis,the paper uses AHP to evaluate the suitability of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization to guide the rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources.     

河南省地热资源概况

以河南省出露、揭露的地热异常点为基础，结合构造、地球物理特征、地下水活动特征和热储特点等，对省内具有一定规模的可利用的地热资源进行了类型划分，总体划分出5个大区30个亚区。     

辽北—吉南地区太古宙绿岩带

辽北－吉南地区出露南有现任中类型绿岩带,清原型绿岩带原原岩建造为连续分异的火山－沉积岩系组成,主要由下部拉斑玄武岩,少量钙碱性玄武岩和中上部的钙碱系列安山岩－英安岩一流纹岩和沉积岩所构成,其形成的古构造环境为类似于现代岛弧的大陆边缘活动带,其中赋存有丰富的块状硫化物矿床,其次为铁矿和金矿,夹皮沟型绿岩带的原岩建造为相对分异的火山－沉积岩组合,主要由下部的拉斑玄武岩,少量钙碱性弱武岩和中上部的长英质     

山西地下水环境剖析

讨论了湖相沉积咸水区、石炭系地层分布区地下水埋藏特征，以及开采现状对地下水环境造成的危害，提出了保护水环境，保护人类生存环境的措施。     

喀斯特地质灾害的形成条件及其环境背景

贵州喀斯特环境地质灾害类型多样、分布广泛、突发性强,其发生、发育过程不但具有明显的季节性,且具有同步叠加、连续发生及交替出现等特点;地质灾害的危害程度、暴发频率也在逐年增大.其形成过程主要受岩性、地貌、灾害性降水和人类经济活动等条件影响.地球内动力地质作用决定了喀斯特地质灾害的环境背景,如广布的碳酸盐岩和陡峻的地貌特征等,特别是挽近期的构造运动对近、现代地质灾害具有明显的控制作用;人为活动改变了岩(土)体的平衡状态而导致环境地质灾害发生.     

云南南秧田与福建丁家山白钨矿成分特征对比研究

通过云南麻栗坡南秧田矿段和福建尤溪丁家山矿区两地白钨矿的成分特征对比研究,寻找异同点并反演形成环境。利用电子探针对两地的白钨矿进行原位分析,发现南秧田矿段中的白钨矿基本不含Mo,而丁家山矿区的白钨矿普遍含Mo,Mo均以类质同象形式置换W,并在丁家山矿区发现由Mo含量变化引起的白钨矿规则成分环带。分析认为,南秧田白钨矿是在中高温氧化条件下形成,且成矿流体中Mo含量很低。而在丁家山矿区发现白钨矿环带结构,表明丁家山白钨矿的形成经历了温度逐渐降低、氧化环境变为还原环境、成矿流体中Mo含量从低到高的变化。     

江西及广东北部侏罗系—白垩系岩石地层格架和地质时代

根据地层发育程度和岩石组合特征,以萍乡-广丰深断裂和三南（全南、龙南、定南） -寻乌深断裂为界,可将江 西及广东北部侏罗系-白垩系划分为北部、中部、南部三个地层分区。根据不整合面和岩石组合特征,以群级岩石地层单 位与火山旋回或沉积旋回相对应为原则,北部地层分区可划分出林山群、火把山群和龟峰群;中部地层分区可划分出林山 群、武夷群、罗塘群和龟峰群;南部地层分区可划分出余田群、武夷群、兴宁群和南雄群。根据岩性岩相特征,以组级岩 石地层单位与沉积岩相或火山岩相组合相对应为原则,林山群可划分为水北组和罗坳组,余田群可划分为水头迳组、菖蒲 组和翰岗组,武夷群划分为双峰岭组、鹅湖岭组和石溪组,兴宁群划分为合水组和优胜组,罗塘群划分为白埠组、周田组 和邓家组,火把山群划分为丘家组、天台山组、冷水坞组和周家店组,龟峰群划分为河口组、塘边组和莲荷组,南雄群划 分为大凤组、主田组和浈水组。根据火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄数据和化石资料,余田群和林山群属相变关系,地质时代属早侏 罗世-中侏罗世早期。武夷群属早白垩世早期,火把山群属早白垩世中期,罗塘群属早白垩世晚期,兴宁群属早白垩世晚 期-晚白垩世早期,龟峰群和南雄群属相变关系,地质时代属晚白垩世中晚期。通过岩性岩相对比,结合火山岩锆石U-Pb 年龄数据,鹰潭冷水坑矿区的火山岩系属早白垩世早期武夷群,广东始兴-江西全南原武夷群火山岩系属晚奥陶世-早志 留世早期龙头寨群。     

云南省楚雄州人民医院

一、工程简介及设计范围 云南省楚雄州人民医院新区医院建设用地位于楚雄市富民新区内,总规划用地面积为18．8036公顷,建设规模为1000-1200床位,净用地163525公顷。     

四川省岩盐矿产资源研究

根据多年从事四川岩盐矿产勘查开发和科研成果积累的资料，对四川岩盐矿产的时空分布、成矿特征、矿床类型、资源藏量及资源优势等诸多方面作一概要的综述，旨在促进四川岩盐矿产勘查开发，推动井矿盐及盐化工业的发展。     

河南南部的燕山运动

燕山运动是我国东部的一次强烈而重要的构造变动,在河南南部形成了一系列坳陷、断陷,堆积了一套特殊的类磨拉石沉积建造,发育强烈的褶皱和断裂,并有大规模的岩浆喷发和侵入活动,蕴含了丰富的矿产。燕山运动可分早、晚两期5幕,各幕强弱表现不同。早期Ⅰ、Ⅱ幕主要发生在大别山一带,以隆升与小规模岩浆侵入活动为主;晚期Ⅲ幕以火山活动局部发育岩浆侵入活动为特征;Ⅳ幕为断裂、岩浆活动发育,是重要的成矿期;Ⅴ幕使盆地由断陷转入坳陷发育阶段,造成白垩系与三叠系之间普遍不整合或假整合接触。分析认为,燕山期发生的太平洋板块与欧亚板块相互作用及印度板块对中国的推挤,使中国东部始终处于一种以挤压为主局部拉伸的构造应力场中。     

安徽省第四纪岩石地层序列

依据《国际地层指南》（1979）和《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》（2001,修订版）,总结多年的研究成果,按照多重地层划分原则,厘定安徽省第四纪地层序列,并结合年代地层和气候地层研究,试与最新的国际地层表（2004）和中国区域年代地层（地质年代）表（2002）对比。安徽省第四纪地层主要发育于淮北平原、江淮波状平原和沿江丘陵平原。平原与山麓、河谷与波状平原、河谷与垅状平原,分别平行地发育两套地层,其沉积环境不同,在剖面上相互交错;而且绝大部分岩石地层单位是穿时的