四川盆地东部下寒武统龙王庙组碳、氧同位素组成及古环境意义

在野外沉积特征研究、室内薄片观察的基础上,对四川盆地东部龙王庙组22个碳酸盐岩样品的碳、氧同位素进行测试,在充分论证样品的有效性后,分析研究区龙王庙组碳、氧同位素特征,进而探讨龙王庙组沉积期的古气候及古海洋环境。样品实验数据显示δ13C值分布在-1.533‰~2.619‰,平均为0.046‰;δ18O值分布在-9.916‰~-3.580‰,平均为-7.746‰;碳、氧同位素整体变化趋势与扬子地台其他区域基本相同。古海洋环境恢复表明,龙王庙组沉积期四川盆地东部整体处于海相环境,海水盐度呈先降低、后增高、复又降低的多段式变化;海水温度主要分布在20~30℃,属于温暖或炎热的亚热带气候;在海平面缓慢波动性下降、陆架暴露、生物灭绝的沉积环境影响下,龙王庙组δ13C值具有负漂移的演化趋势。龙王庙组沉积中期的水体深度最浅,古盐度最高,是白云岩最为有利的发育阶段。     

川东南地区洗象池组碳氧同位素特征、古海洋环境及其与储集层的关系

本文在野外剖面调查的基础上,结合薄片观察,对川东南地区三汇剖面寒武系洗象池组237块碳酸盐岩样品进行了系统的碳氧同位素组成研究,结果表明,δ~(18)O值主要分布在-8‰～-6‰,平均为-7.63‰;δ~(13)C值介于-5.53‰～3.44‰之间。利用碳氧同位素数值计算古盐度及古温度结果表明,绝大多数Z值高于120‰,且δ~(13)C值大于-2‰,古海水温度主要集中在19～25℃,说明整体为海水-咸化海水沉积环境与温暖或炎热的亚热带气候。认为洗象池组沉积期海平面变化有五个阶段:早期缓慢上升与下降,中期快速海侵,中后期缓慢海退,后期动荡,末期海退。三汇剖面洗象池组储集层岩性主要为颗粒云岩及晶粒云岩,储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、粒间孔与晶间孔为主。多期的海平面的下降,对应碳同位素多旋回负漂,从而发育向上变浅的多旋回韵律性地层,形成纵向上的多套储集层,洗象池组储集层的形成与演化受海平面变化控制,主要发育在古地貌较高处与滩体向上变浅旋回的上部。另外,依据δ~(13)C值显著的正漂移,明确了芙蓉统地层的底界,为四川盆地寒武系地层的划分提供了证据。     

浙江江山灯影组碳、氧同位素特征

通过测试分析了浙江江山灯影组碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素特征。结果显示δ^13C值在-2．11‰～2．71‰之间，底、顶部表现为负异常，主体部分比较平稳，变化频率不大。呈微弱的降低趋势；δ^18O值在-3．52‰～-8．76‰之间变化，整体比较平稳，从底到顶呈略降低的变化趋势。浙江江山碳、氧同位素的特征与国内外同期地层非常相似，具有全球可对比性，反映浙江江山地区在灯影初期海平面短暂下降，随后海洋环境相对稳定，直到灯影末期，与全球古环境发生强烈变化一样，本区海洋环境也发生了强烈变化。     

四川盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

四川盆地古生代海相地层沉积厚度巨大。奥陶系碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成:δ^(13)C_(PDB)值分布区间为0.17‰~-6.20‰,δ^(18)O_(PDB)值分布区间为-4.98‰~-11.07‰,δ^(18)O_(PDB)与δ^(13)C_(PDB)两者不存在明显的线性关系。碳氧同位素对比表明,四川盆地下奥陶统碳氧同位素值与全球下奥陶统的碳氧同位素分布区间基本一致,并且碳同位素值曲线识别了具有全球对比特征的TSICE正漂事件,显示奥陶系碳同位素曲线具有全球可对比性。同时,四川盆地奥陶系桐梓组中期δ^(13)C_(PDB)平均值从-1.62‰负漂为-4.87‰,发生了显著的负漂移事件,分析认为在四川盆地早奥陶世早期由西向东的海退事件导致海洋生产力急速下降是造成δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的负漂移主要原因。桐梓组中上部δ^(18)O_(PDB)大幅度负向偏移,表明桐梓组中期有一个短时期温度升高、盐度降低的过程。研究揭示奥陶系碳氧同位素可以有效的辅助该区的地层划分对比,并且四川盆地早奥陶世发生过显著的海退事件。     

攀西宁南地区上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段C、O同位素特征和震旦系/寒武系界线的划分

对上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段的C、O同位素组成进行了分析,并根据δ13C值在剖面上的变化特征,讨论了该地区震旦系/寒武系的界线。结果表明,麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值在-3.19‰～2.86‰之间,平均值为0.10‰;δ18O值在-10.75‰～-5.17‰之间,平均值为-7.82‰。在剖面上δ13C值出现了有规律的变化,剖面下部2～21层,δ13C值均为正值,在0.04‰～1.68‰之间,平均值为0.92‰;上部23～32层,δ13C值均为负值,在-3.19‰～-1.42‰之间,平均值为-2.13‰,δ13C值存在一个显著的负漂移,变化高达4‰。麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值的变化特征与国内外同期地层非常相似,具有全球可对比性,可作为震旦系/寒武系划分的地球化学标志。     

四川盆地中南部地区洗象池群沉积旋回的碳氧同位素特征及地质意义

摘要：四川盆地中南部地区寒武系洗象池群碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成,根据该地区采集的88个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了中上寒武统碳酸盐岩不同尺度沉积旋回中的碳氧同位素组成、演化及地质意义。研究表明,四川盆地寒武系洗象池群由下至上的地层序列中,碳、氧同位素具有明显的旋回性演化特征：其δ13C值变化于－56‰～3247‰之间,均值为-0979‰,绝大多数的样品都在-2‰～2‰的区间震荡,δ18O值分布于-111‰～-52‰之间,均值为-6934‰,主要集中在－9‰～-6‰的范围内波动。通过对不同尺度沉积旋回碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,认为在体系域尺度沉积旋回中控制碳氧同位素组成特征的主因是海平面变化,在米级旋回中主要受高频海平面变化、古气候、古构造等多方面叠加的影响;通过对碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,首次明确了该地区芙蓉统的底界,为地层的划分对比提供了有力证据;洗象池群早期和中期经历了短暂而快速的海侵后进入缓慢的海退,在晚期缓慢海侵后的快速海退,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。     

华南埃迪卡拉系斜坡相带碳稳定同位素特征

为验证碳稳定同位素特征在不同沉积环境的变化,选择了斜坡相带张家界田坪埃迪卡拉系剖面进行碳同位素的研究,系统采集了110件碳酸盐岩样品,并在中国地质调查局同位素地球化学开放研究实验室通过MAT-251质谱仪完成了碳、氧稳定同位素测试。测试结果显示,张家界田坪埃迪卡拉系剖面所记录的碳稳定同位素曲线,除了陡山沱组底部的负异常外,和任何已知的这一时期的碳同位素曲线均有较大的差异。从陡山沱组二段中下部开始,δ13 C表现为长期稳定的正漂移。大致在4.0‰附近波动,变化幅度在2.0‰~6.0‰之间,这一趋势一直延续至灯影组二段的中部,随后δ13 C逐渐减小,并在灯影组三段中部降至负值。从田坪剖面所处的古地理位置等因素的综合考虑,该剖面陡山沱组碳同位素δ13C值既受控于氧化还原界面的迁移,同时,也叠加了碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响;而灯影组的碳同位素δ13C值则更多地受控于海平面的变化。     

攀西宁南地区上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段C、O同位素特征和震旦系/寒武系界线的划分

对上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段的C、O同位素组成进行了分析,并根据δ13C值在剖面上的变化特征,讨论了该地区震旦系/寒武系的界线。结果表明,麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值在-3.19‰~2.86‰之间,平均值为0.10‰;δ18O值在-10.75‰~-5.17‰之间,平均值为-7.82‰。在剖面上δ13C值出现了有规律的变化,剖面下部2～21层,δ13C值均为正值,在0.04‰~1.68‰之间,平均值为0.92‰;上部23～32层,δ13C值均为负值,在-3.19‰~-1.42‰之间,平均值为-2.13‰,δ13C值存在一个显著的负漂移,变化高达4‰。麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值的变化特征与国内外同期地层非常相似,具有全球可对比性,可作为震旦系/寒武系划分的地球化学标志。     

湘黔地区早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素组成变化及其意义

对扬子地台湘黔地区早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素的组成变化进行野外地质观察与室内分析研究表明:研究区灯影组白云岩主要为碳酸盐台地沉积环境,牛蹄塘组黑色页岩主要为陆棚沉积环境,湖南地区有可能水体更深,过渡到斜坡相沉积区。通过分析,湘黔地区黑色页岩有机碳含量(TOC)为0.05%~12.31%,平均为4.97%。有机碳同位素(1δ3Corg)组成的变化幅度很大,从-29.49‰~-34.41‰(PDB),平均为-31.78‰,最大偏移量为4.3‰。牛蹄塘组黑色页岩的1δ3Corg和TOC含量变化也很大,具有明显的3个升降旋回,代表海平面具有海进海退变化特征。而下伏地层灯影组白云岩1δ3Corg值相对比较高,代表海平面下降。研究区两个典型剖面的有机碳同位素变化曲线反映了该期海平面变化,海洋原始生产率以及上涌洋流的变化情况,揭示湘黔地区早寒武世的古海洋信息。     

辽西凌源雾迷山组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征研究

辽西凌源雾迷山组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素和Mn/Sr比值数据反映了碳酸盐岩的原始沉积特征.δ13CPDB数值范围-2‰～2‰,δ18OPDB数值范围为-10‰～-4‰,其平均值分别为0.15‰,-6.2‰,碳同位素组成具有旋回性变化特征.在雾迷山组一段中上部,δ13C表现出明显的正漂移,可能为藻类的大量繁殖、有机碳增加所引起.δ18O的增加为气候变冷和冰川作用的结果.在δ13C为负值的层段,δ18O数值较高.碳氧同位素组成的这种特征可能与海平面变化有关.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of