场地相关设计反应谱特征周期的统计分析

利用近年来的工程场地地震安全性评价和地震小区划工作的成果，对上述工作中得到的场地相关反应谱的特征周期取值进行统计分析，并收集现有的强震记录计算其反应谱，将上述两个结果同两个版本的抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89和GB50011-2001)中的规定进行比较。发现上述两本规范中的特征周期取值在不同程度上小于实际场地情况的统计平均值。其中，虽然GB50011-2001规范相对于GBJ11-89规范更加接近实际场地的情况，但仍然在一些情况下取值偏小。     

不同版本规范设计的底框砌体结构地震易损性对比

历次地震震害表明,底框砌体结构在遭遇大地震时破坏严重。本文比较了《GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范》和《GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范》中关于该类结构的抗震设计要求。参考某地一个实际底框砌体结构建筑设计资料,分别按上述两版本规范设计了2个具有代表性的底框砌体结构。采用层间剪切模型基于IDA方法对结构进行了地震易损性分析,对比分析结果表明:按两版本规范设计的底框砌体结构的破坏均出现在过渡层;在设防地震作用下,按《89规范》设计的结构达到中等破坏的概率最大,使用功能受到影响,按《01规范》设计的结构达到轻微破坏状态的概率最大,使用功能基本无影响;在罕遇地震作用下,按《01规范》设计的结构发生严重破坏和毁坏的概率比按《89规范》设计的结构明显降低,抗震能力明显提高。本文提供的结果可丰富底框砌体结构地震易损性数据,为区域地震风险评估、震害预测等研究提供更加精细的易损性模型。     

我国现行抗震设计规范中场地评定方法的比较和评述

目前，我国抗震设计规范中采用的场地评定方法主要有两种：一是建筑抗震设计规范（ＧＢＪ１１－８９）采用的场地分类的方法，一是构筑物抗震设计规范（ＧＢ５０１９１－９３）和电力设施抗震设计规范采用的场地指数法。前者是把场地影响按照场地分类指标划分成若干场地类别，因此，确定的地震荷载是不连续的，跳跃变化的。后者是一种以模糊推论的综合评判方法导出的场地指数为指标进行连续评定的新方法，在这种方法里，场地性质的差     

DISCUSSION ON THE SPECTRA SHAPE OF SEISMIC MARGIN EARTHQUAKE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN CHINA

Fukushima nuclear accident caused widespread concern of earthquake initiated severe accident. Under this background, China nuclear utilities carried out research and application of seismic margin assessment(SMA)approach to evaluate the seismic margin of the existing nuclear power plants(NPP)by different spectra shape of seismic margin earthquake(SME). By reviewing the method used to determine SME of operational NPP in central and eastern United States(CEUS), this paper analyzed the seismic hazard characteristic of China NPP sites, contrasted the design basis ground motion between NPP in CEUS and China, and suggested giving priority to evaluating the seismic margin of operational NPP that adopted the improved second generation technology for the urgency and importance of assessment on the actual seismic capacity of NPP. Comparing RG1.60 spectrum to normalized site-specific SL-2 level acceleration spectra, we found that some normalized spectra overtook the RG1.60's in high frequency range, so it is not always adequate to scale RG1.60 spectrum to evaluate the seismic margin for sites of the improved second generation NPP. We selected a sample site whose site-specific SL-2 level ground motion is close to the standard design of improved second generation NPP(0.2g scaled RG1.60 spectrum)to determine the seismic margin earthquake by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method of the sample site. Compared to the given PGA(0.3g)scaled scenario earthquake ground motions and the uniform hazard response spectrum(UHRS), whose PGA is 0.3g to PGA(0.3g)scaled standard spectra(median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum and RG1.60 spectrum), the results demonstrated that uniform hazard response spectrum and scaled scenario earthquake ground motions are both significantly higher than the PGA scaled median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum, and all the three spectra are enveloped by PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum. Then, this paper suggests adopting the uniform hazard response spectrum or scenario earthquake ground motions to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond site SL-2 ground motion; and to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond standard design, we recommend to use PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum.     

A deterministic method for designing near field and far field earthquakes

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利用区域数字强震动台网加速度记录合成场地设计地震波

利用福建数字强震动台网历年各类典型加速度记录的相位谱拟合所在场地设计反应谱,获得具有本地区不同场地、不同分向天然地震记录的非平稳性特征又满足抗震设防要求的场地设计地震波,同时提供了具体的应用算例及可供福建地区建筑结构时程分析时选用的输入地震波。     

Comparison of seismic actions and structural design requirements in Chinese code GB 50011 and international standard ISO 3010

This paper presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010: 2001(E), emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements, seismic actions and analytical approaches. Similarities include: earthquake return period, conceptual design, site classification, structural strength and ductility requirements, deformation limits, response spectra, seismic analysis procedures, isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements. Differences exist in the following areas: seismic levels, earthquake loading, mode damping factors and structural control.     

Influence of long period seismic waves induced by the Taiwan large earthquake on Shanghai area

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Probability-consistent spectrum and code spectrum

IntroductionInChina,thecombinationofseismicdesigncodewithzoningmapofseismicintensityorgroundmotionparametersisusuallyadoptedtodeterminetheseismicfortificationcriterionforthegeneralindustryandcivilbuildings.Thepresentproceduresareasfollows.Accordingtothepro-jectlocation,thedesignbasicaccelerationofgroundmotionandthedesigncharacteristicperiodofresponsespectrumareobtainedfromthezoningmapofseismicgroundmotionparameters(GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople…     

厦门市某商住大厦场地地震时程分析

根据地勘测和地震危险性分析资料，采用波传播方法，提供了厦门市某商住大厦结构动力时程分析所需要的场地地震动输入，并根据我国建筑抗震设计规范关于地震区高层建筑抗震设计的要求，做了场地分析的初步尝试。     

场地分类新方法的研究

本文分析了现行“建筑抗震设计规范”（GBJ11－89）中的场地分类方法并指出其中的不足。根据对大量的实际场地的理论计算,发现场地传递函数的幅值谱有一定的规律性,以此为根据提出了一种新的场地分类方法,为场地分类方法的研究提供一个新的思路。     

轻轨铁路站桥结构体系抗震分析与隔震研究

本文结合地处高烈度地震区的天津轻轨工程，对轻轨铁路站桥结构体系进行抗震分析，并探索减轻其地震灾害、提高其抗震能力的隔震措施。研究结果表明，按照现行有关抗震设计规范规定的反应谱值设计的站桥结构体系的抗震安全性存在不足，设计必须按工程建设场地地震危险性评价给定的反应谱值对站桥结构体系进行时程分析，才能保证轻轨铁路的抗震安全性。通过在车站建筑与高架桥梁之间的连接部位安装新近研制的SMA复合橡胶支座隔震装置，可以有效地提高轻轨铁路站桥结构体系的抗震能力。     

特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期取值研究

特征周期是抗震设计反应谱的重要参数,开展特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期的研究,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。对美国、日本等世界范围内的1448条Ⅲ类场地水平向强震记录进行了统计分析,结果表明震级、震中距对特征周期有较大影响;强震记录特征周期的80%分位数结果约为0.9s。对全国近年来已通过评审的312个Ⅲ类场地的地震安全性评价结果进行了统计分析,70%分位数的特征周期为0.9s。结合相关规范的对比分析,建议特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱的特征周期取0.9s,可有效保证特高压电气设备的地震安全。     

一致概率谱与规范谱ht

在重大工程的地震安全性评价工作中，根据概率法地震危险性分析得到的一致概率反应谱，与建筑抗震设计规范给出的设计反应谱常常不一致，有时甚至会有较大的差异．一致概率反应谱低于相应的规范反应谱时，可能会产生重大工程抗震设防标准低于一般工业与民用建筑抗震设防标准的问题．本文利用理想简化的潜在震源，对一致概率谱与规范设计反应谱之间的关系进行了讨论．分析结果表明，对于较为普遍的主要受直下型地震和近震潜源影响的地区，在长周期部分，一致概率谱总体小于规范谱．规范谱长周期部分值得深入研究，且应尽可能与区划工作的概率法相结合．由于地震安全性评价工作存在较大的不确定性，故重大工程的抗震设防标准，据地震安全性评价结果将长周期部分降至规范谱（一般工民建）之下宜慎重．      

Comparison of DSHA-based response spectrum with design response spectrum of building code of Pakistan (BCP-SP-2007) for a site in Muzaffargarh area,Pakistan

The building code of any country is considered to be a basic technical guidance document for the seismic design of structures. However, building codes are typically developed for the whole country, without considering site specific models that incorporate detailed site-specific data. Therefore, the adequacy of the design spectrum for building codes may sometimes be questionable. To study the sufficiency of the building codes of Pakistan (BCP-SP-2007), a deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) based spectrum was developed for a site in the Muzaffargarh area, Pakistan, using an updated earthquake catalogue, seismic source model, and a next generation attenuation model (NGA-WEST-2). Further, an International Building Code (IBC-2000) spectrum was developed for the study area to compare the results. The DSHA-based response spectrum resulted in a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.21 g for the Chaudwan fault. The evaluation of BCP-SP-2007 and IBC-2000 spectra provided a critical assessment for analyzing the associated margins. A comparison with the DSHA-based response spectrum showed that the BCP-SP-2007 design spectrum mostly overlapped with the DSHA spectrum unlike IBC-2000. However, special attention is needed for designing buildings in the study area when considering earthquake periods longer than 1 s, and the BCP-SP-2007 spectrum can be enhanced when considering a period range of 0.12–0.64 s. Finally, BCP-SP-2007 is based on a probabilistic approach and its comparison with deterministic results showed the significance of both methods in terms of design.     

The Umbria–Marche case: some suggestions for the Italian seismic zonation

Probabilistic seismic hazard maps, in terms of spectral acceleration and uniform hazard response spectra at given sites, considering local soil conditions, represent a much more complete estimate of the seismic hazard than the traditional maps in terms of peak ground acceleration or macroseismic intensity. This is particularly true when the requests of urban planners and engineers have to be met. The present analysis shows how some hazard parameters, such as the effective peak acceleration and the spectrum intensity, can well synthesise the overall information available from traditional probabilistic studies, but also suggests that soil condition is a first-order ingredient for effective seismic hazard mapping at national level. Three Italian towns, damaged by the 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquake sequence, are considered as example to demonstrate that: (1) soil condition dependent uniform hazard spectra well approximate actual spectra recorded during some events of the seismic sequence; (2) for these localities, the design spectrum of the present Italian seismic code does not seem adequate.

These considerations have induced the Italian scientific community to propose an updating of the national seismic zonation on the basis of several hazard parameters, that are described in this paper.     

保定市设计地震动参数的研究

本文根据保定市及周围地区的地震地质环境，在地震危险性分析的基础上，采用等效线性一维波动方程进行土层的地震反应分析。给出50年超越概率63％、10％、2％基岩和地面的水平向峰值加速度、反应谱（场址基本烈度Ⅶ度）和地震影响系数最大值。该结果为抗震设计提供了可靠依据，具有应用价值。     

竖向地震动加速度反应谱特性

以33次地震中的地表地震动记录为数据基础,考虑场地条件、震级和距离的影响,分别对竖向地震动的加速度规准化反应谱和双规准化反应谱进行了研究。结果表明,规准反应谱明显受到场地条件、震级和震中距的影响,不同场地、距离和震级的平均规准反应谱之间差别显著;相比较而言,不依赖于场地、距离和震级的平均双规准反应谱之间却表现出良好的规律性和一致性。双规准反应谱的统一特性可以为竖向地震动设计谱的预测提供参考依据。     

适用于结构时程分析法的输入地震波

本文对建筑结构抗震设计时程法所需的输入地震波提出一种基于规范反应谱的、与设防烈度、场地条件、设计近震或远震、结构自振特性有关的选择原则和方法。按远、近震和四类场地标定了反应谱、延性谱和积累损伤谱。通过对六幢不同高度的剪切和弯曲型结构模型的弹塑性分析,表明离差很小。建议在进行结构时程法分析时,按地震加速度反应谱特定的分布规律选择4条加速度记录作为输入计算。两个实际的例子表明按上述方法计算的结果与按底部剪力法计算的结果基本相符。     

关于改进我国抗震设计反应谱的探讨

本文回顾了地震反应分析理论发展的三个阶段,指出反应谱理论仍然是许多国家现阶段抗震设计的理论依据,我国规范也主要采用反应谱法进行抗震设计分析。进一步讨论了反应谱与抗震设计反应谱的联系和区别。把我国《建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011—2001)》中有关地震影响系数分别与ISO 3010:2001(E)和美国的建筑抗震设计规范中的地震影响系数做了对比,发现我国规范有些地方考虑得还不够全面,还需要不断地完善。提出在抗震设计中运用地震动参数代替地震烈度来进行计算能更好地反映工程实际情况。