基于参照点的任意区域检测方法

区域检测,即判定当前点是否位于某个已知的区域之内,这是电子地图处理和计算机图形学以及目标定位中经常遇到的问题.对于任意区域的检测目前尚无很满意的方法,文中给出的基于参照点的检测方法,思路清晰、实现简便,且适用3维空间任意区域的检测.     

基于自适应支撑区域的特征点检测算法

针对已有的特征点检测算法的不足,文章提出了一种基于自适应支撑区域(ROS)的算法,该算法针对目前特征点检测中的支撑区域选择,提出了一种自适应单调检测方法,改变了传统支撑区域选择过于单一的难点,自适应性强;并对于曲率的非极大值抑制易造成误检的问题,给出了三次扫描算法,即分析误检产生机理筛选候选特征点。通过支撑区域的自适应选择和三次扫描,实现了算法的自适应性和鲁棒性,检测精度高。试验结果表明,该算法无需先验参数,运行效率高,算法复杂度低。     

风云气象卫星影像自动精细云检测

抠图技术能够准确细致地检测出前景与背景的差异，但是现有的大多数抠图算法均需事先给出前景与背景的标记，在海量影像处理业务中具有明显的局限性。本文将抠图技术引入风云气象卫星影像云检测中，提出了基于连通区域抠图的自动精细云检测算法。首先对影像的灰度图像进行多种阈值方法二值化，通过投票法集成得到初步二分图；在此基础上计算连通区域，以连通区域的重心为种子点，自动生成连通区域三分图；最后使用闭形式抠图法求解alpha值进而得到精细的云检测结果。将该方法与基于学习和稳健性抠图检测算法进行了对比，试验结果表明，该方法能够较好地检测出多种类型的云，具有更高的准确率。     

一种考虑云检测的遥感影像匹配方法

针对有云遥感影像间常规匹配效果不佳的问题,提出了一种考虑云检测的遥感影像匹配方法,主要包括有云区域的探测、特征点提取和相位匹配三个部分。通过对影像局部区域的高亮度像素的统计,在特征点提取时避开有云区域,最后通过物方空间的相位相关获取同名点对。实验表明本方法在包含大量云团的影像之间能够明显改善匹配效果。     

任意坐标系下的多块规则格网DEM拼接

将高精度影像匹配技术用于具有重叠区域的规则格网DEM同名高程点提取,提出任意坐标系下的多块规则格网DEM高精度无缝拼接方法。方法的特点是可以在任意坐标系下(自由坐标系、绝对坐标系)对存在重叠区域的任意大小、任意数量和任意区域形状的规则格网DEM模块进行拼接,整体性地求解拼接参数,得到无几何错位的高精度DEM。通过实验,证明拼接方法的有效性和实用性。     

激光点云在无人驾驶路径检测中的应用

针对室外自然环境下无人自主地面智能车辆的可通行区域检测问题,提出了一种基于激光点云的道路可通行区域检测算法,包括倾斜检测道路边界和水平探测前方障碍物。道路边界检测主要依据道路区域与非路区域之间存在的高度差异来筛选道路边界特征点,结合通行宽度阈值提取道路边界线;前方障碍物检测则依据扫描点间距离聚类成不同的点云簇,对点云簇进行识别和定位,从而确定障碍物位置和大小。结合道路边界和障碍物信息提取车辆的可通行区域,为无人车路径规划提供依据。试验表明,该算法能够较好地检测出无人车的可通行区域。     

一种改进的三维点集表面重建的区域生长算法

介绍了一种改进的三雏点集表面重建的区域生长算法。提出了一种基于三角形任意一边邻域拓扑关系的邻接三角形定位方法，充分利用了法向信息，采用由粗到精的提取策略，减少了候选表面三角形的数量，显著加快了表面重构的整体效率。提出了相应的局部拓扑一致性检测方法，确保了算法的稳健性，解决了传统算法的重叠面片和表面空洞等问题，并且重构的三角网格表面与被采样的物体表面拓扑差别最小。实验结果表明，本文算法可以重构具有任意拓扑的复杂表面。     

基于时空立方体的人群异常行为检测与定位

针对视频监控系统中人群异常行为检测准确率低的问题，提出了一种基于时空立方体的人群异常行为检测与定位方法。首先利用光流法计算等间距采样的特征点光流场，然后根据光流场计算特征点的运动速度、方向和方向熵3个特征量，并分别将其统计直方图投影到对应的三维立体空间中，构建描述人群行为的时空立方体特征。同时，将图像分成多个子区域，并计算各子区域的时空立方体特征；设计基于最近邻分类和支持向量机的级联分类器，完成人群异常行为的检测与定位。结果表明，该方法比现有方法能更准确地检测视频中的异常人群。     

基于激光点云数据的管道破损定量检测技术

采用管道激光扫描技术可获取管道内表面的点云三维信息,解决了传统管道视频检测方法难以定量化检测的问题。本文针对管道破损缺陷的点云数据特点,利用统计滤波和半径滤波等点云滤波算法,实现了管道破裂处点云删除;基于随机一致性采样(RANSAC)算法实现了管道点云圆柱面投影和管道点云数据二维平面展开;通过网格化筛选和区域生长算法实现了管道点云数据破损缺陷检测及自动化分析。实测数据验证了该方法的可靠性和有效性,可以准确识别管道破损位置,并计算破损面积、纵向长度、环向长度等参数。     

高分辨率遥感影像建筑区域局部几何特征提取

及时准确地获取城市建筑区域的空间分布及其变化信息对于城市规划、空间地理数据库建设及区域社会经济分析具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于多尺度Gabor变换和感知聚类方法即张量投票TV (Tensor Voting)相结合的自适应局部几何不变特征检测方法,并将其应用于高空间分辨率遥感影像建筑区域提取。首先,考虑到高分辨率遥感影像复杂的几何结构特征,使用Gabor滤波器组对影像进行多尺度多方向变换检测奇异性特征。然后,在感知聚类框架下,根据张量投票理论将不同方向子带系数位置编码为相应的二阶对称方向张量,为了突出影像几何特征,对不同尺度、不同方向子带中任意像素位置方向张量使用滤波器响应系数加权并求和完成多尺度特征融合。再次,对张量特征分解得到点结构与线结构显著性图并使用非极大抑制提取相应角点和曲线等局部几何特征,同时生成约束准则筛选角点以确定建筑物坐标。最后,利用概率密度估计结合局部角点特征生成全局概率密度场描述影像中像素从属于建筑目标的概率,并使用最大类间方差法(Otsu)阈值分割自动提取居民地多边形区域。使用分辨率分别为0.49 m、0.98 m的Google Earth及0.8 m的高分二号等影像数据集进行实验,实验结果表明本文方法相对于已有的Harris和HSCD点检测算法,在建筑区域提取质量上(Quality)上分别提高了4.79%,5.96%;1.47%,3.76%和1.91%,4.08%。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。