四川东部和重庆地区三叠纪海相红层分布及时代

在综合分析四川东部和重庆地区的三叠纪地层资料的基础上,本文着重对研究区三叠纪海相红层的分布格局和沉积特征进行了分析和对比。在四川东部和重庆地区三叠纪海相地层中初步识别出5组12段海相红层,分别是:飞仙关组(大冶组)红层(印度阶)、嘉陵江组红层(奥列尼克阶)、雷口坡组(巴东组)红层(安尼阶)、天井山组红层(拉丁阶)和马鞍塘组红层(卡尼阶),并将这些红层与相邻地区(湖北中西部和贵州)三叠纪海相红层进行了对比。分析表明研究区所有海相红层均属于滨海-浅海陆棚相红层,四川东部和重庆地区三叠纪海相红层的碎屑物质及Fe_2O_3主要来源于康滇古陆和龙门山等高地。同时,文中还探讨了四川东部和重庆地区三叠纪海相红层纵向分布与古气候、古纬度、水深、植被、矿产、岩石颜色、构造运动等之间的关系。上述研究为进一步开展全国乃至全球三叠纪海相红层分布规律研究和时代对比提供基础数据和资料。     

西藏奥陶纪和志留纪海相红层的分布与时代

本文对曾经考察过的西藏自治区主要研究剖面(即:聂拉木、定日、定结和申扎剖面)重新研究,参照国内已知的西藏奥陶纪和志留纪地层资料,对西藏地区奥陶系和志留系的海相红层进行系统研究。在西藏奥陶—志留系中,识别出11层海相红层。其中,在奥陶纪地层中识别出6层海相红层,在志留纪地层中识别出5层海相红层。已识别出的11层海相红层中,除奥陶纪青泥洞组海相红层(XORB1)属于深水大洋红层外,其它10层海相红层均属于浅水-半深水的陆棚红层。依据海相红层及其上下层位所含化石,本文初步讨论了各海相红层的大致时代,并与我国主要地区的同期海相红层进行了对比。     

青海柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪海相红层的分布与时代

参照青海省柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪地层相关文献资料,通过野外地质调查和系统样品分析结果,在柴北缘寒武纪—奥陶纪地层中梳理和识别出了19层海相红层。其中,寒武纪地层中识别出了12层海相红层,奥陶纪地层中识别出了7层海相红层。除奥陶纪石灰沟组海相红层(QORB3,QORB4,QORB5及QORB6)为深水大洋红层外,其余15层海相红层均属浅水—半深水陆棚红层。依据海相红层及其上下层位所含化石,本文初步论述了各海相红层的大致时代,并与我国主要块体的同期海相红层进行对比。上述研究对进一步开展全国乃至全球寒武纪、奥陶纪海相红层分布及对比提供了基础数据和资料。此外,通过国内同期红层的对比,本文还讨论了河北唐山寒武纪海相红层的分布及中国南方中奥陶世大坪期—达瑞威尔期早期海相红层广布事件。     

论大槽子组和碳山坪组的地质时代

<正> 大槽子剖面位于云南省宁蒗县城以南约25km处,是原云南省第二区域地质测量队于70年代发现和测制的,并对泥盆纪地层作了划分、对比和命名。由下而上分别是大瓜坪组、大槽子组、碳山坪组、烂泥箐组和干沟组,其中将大瓜坪组划归早泥盆世晚期,大槽子组和碳山坪组分别与艾菲尔阶和吉维特阶对比,烂泥箐组和干沟组分别与弗拉阶和法门阶对应。大槽子剖面地处泥盆系青藏区和华南区交界处(王钰等1982),且地层发育较     

北京西山寒武纪海相红层的分布与时代

本文参照北京西山及国内外寒武系相关地层资料，在古生物学和地层学研究的基础上，对北京西山寒武纪海相红层进行了初步研究。在西山寒武纪地层中，共识别出14层(套)海相红层，分别为：早寒武世下苇甸组1层B∈RB1(沧浪铺期)；早—中寒武世早期3层B∈RB2、B∈RB3及B∈RB4(馒头期—毛庄期)；中寒武世中期3层B∈RB5、B∈RB6及B∈RB7(徐庄期)；中寒武世晚期1层B∈RB8(张夏期)；晚寒武世早期2层B∈RB9、B∈RB10(崮山期)；晚寒武世中期3层B∈RB11、B∈RB12、B∈RB13(长山期)：晚寒武世晚期1层B∈RB14(凤山期)。所有14层海相红层形成于陆表海浅水环境，它们均属陆棚红层。红层分布模式说明，它们的形成与其附近的古陆有关。依据海相红层及其上下层位中所含的三叶虫化石，本文初步论述了各海相红层的大致时代，并与其他地区的同期海相红层进行了对比。此外，本文还讨论了山西东部寒武纪海相红层的层序和全球早寒武世沧浪铺期海相红层的广布事件。     

陕西镇巴火焰溪法门阶牙形刺研究

陕西镇巴火焰溪剖面部于大巴山西段，临近川陕交界，交通便利。那里晚泥盆世地层出露完好，层序清楚，化石丰富。本文就该剖面法门阶牙形刺动物群、泥盆系石炭系的界线进行了研讨，建立了该区法门阶的两个浅水相牙形刺生物组合带。     

湘中锡矿山地区泥盆纪—早石炭世地层系统

通过剖面研究,笔者建立了木区泥盆纪—早石炭世地层系统。论证了世界锑都赋矿层位七甲江灰岩时代为晚泥盆世佘田桥中期。锡矿山组底界从长龙界页岩中通过,并以Yunna-nellina hanburyi, Icriodus costatus出现划归锡矿山组下段。底栖相邵东组产牙形刺Bispathodus cf.costatus带,孢粉Retispora lepidophyta-Vallatisporites pusillites组合带等无疑应置于法门阶上部。据此,重新厘定了标准地点锡矿山阶(法门阶)包括锡矿山组下段、锡矿山组上段和邵东组三部分。盂公坳组底底部产孢粉Vallatisporites vallatus, Retusotriletes incohatus, Hymenozonotriletes explantus等,从而论证本组之底则为湘中及华南底栖相下石炭统岩关阶之底。大塘阶底界显然以Kueichouphyllum sinense, Thysanophyllum及其共生的(虫廷)类Dainella—Eostaffella组合出现和有孔虫Plectogyra, Mediocris, Climacammina, Archaediscus极大繁盛为划分标志。     

新疆东准噶尔二台地区上泥盆统卡西翁组生物化石的发现及其意义

在东准噶尔二台地区纳尔曼德山一带一套海相火山岩建造夹少量陆源碎屑岩地层中首次发现晚泥盆世菊石类Kosmoclymeniacf.tabulata Sun et Shen.(板状宇宙海神石(相似种)),为晚泥盆世顶部法门阶顶部层位的标志性化石,从而为厘定上泥盆统卡西翁组提供了重要的生物依据。     

泥盆系法门阶四分已成定局

<正> 法门阶亚阶的划分是国际地层委员会泥盆系分会近年来讨论的重点(王成源,1994、2003)。德国早已组建了晚泥盆世亚阶划分的工作组,提出了德国的法门阶的划分方案。他们一致认为法门阶应当三分,即以早Palmatolepis marginifera带的底界为中法门阶的底界,早Palmatolepis expansa带的底界为晚法门亚阶的底界。比利时学者(Streel et al.,2002)极力主张法门阶四分,建立最晚法门亚阶,     

湘中上泥盆统锡矿山组上段介形类化石

锡矿山组上段(欧家冲段),由陆相沉积和海相夹层所组成,上覆地层为杜内阶邵东段,下伏地层为法门阶锡矿山组下段(马牯脑灰岩段)。笔者在邵东县锡矿山组上段采到大量的介形类化石并进行了详细研究。这些介形类包括6属、7种(6新种)和3个未定种,其中卡咪尔介十分丰富和壳体较小的丰满巴什基利亚介,它们生活在淡化泻湖里。本文描述的标本包括下列六个新种:近宽卵形卡咪尔介、斑点卡咪尔阶、后脊卡咪尔介、丰满巴什基利亚介、短巴什基利亚介、美丽克罗登介。前三种和中国湖北西部上泥盆统写经寺组宽卵形卡咪尔介对比,多数介形类属于泥盆系,少数属于杜内阶邵东段。笔者认为锡矿山组上段介形类属晚泥盆世法门期晚时。     

The Devonian–Lower Carboniferous succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia

A new stratigraphic nomenclature is proposed for the approximately 600 m thick, mainly clastic transitional sequence between the underlying Mempelam Limestone and overlying Kubang Pasu/Singa Formation in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. This sequence represents shallow marine deposits of the continental margin of the Sibumasu Terrane during the Middle Palaeozoic (Devonian–Carboniferous). It is separated into several formations. The Timah Tasoh Formation is an approximately 76 m sequence consisting of 40 m of laminated tentaculitid shales at the base, containing Monograptus yukonensis Jackson and Lenz and Nowakia (Turkestanella) acuaria Alberti, giving an Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian) age, and about 36 m of rhythmically interbedded, light coloured argillo-arenites. The Chepor Formation is about 90 m thick and consists mainly of thick red mudstone interbedded with sandstone beds, of Middle to Late Devonian age. A new limestone unit is recognized and named the Sanai Limestone, which contains conodonts of Famennian age. The Binjal Formation consists of red and white mudstone interbedded with sandstone beds showing Bouma sequences. The Telaga Jatoh Formation is 9 m thick and consists mainly of radiolarian chert. The Wang Kelian Formation is composed of thick red mudstone beds interbedded with silty sandstone, and contain fossils indicative of an Early Carboniferous (Visean) age. The succession was deposited on the outer shelf, with depositional environments vertically fluctuating from prodelta to basinal marine. The Devonian–Carboniferous boundary is exposed at Hutan Aji and Kampung Guar Jentik, and indicates a major regressive event during the latest Devonian.     

湖北武汉地区志留系下红层的古鱼类化石及其生物古地理意义*

依据在湖北武汉古姆山志留系浅海红层中新发现的古鱼类化石,确证了兰多维列统特列奇阶下部红层——志留系下红层在鄂东南地区广泛存在,并在前人工作基础上对武汉地区原坟头组进行了重新厘定,将其一分为二,上部仍为坟头组,下部则称清水组。新厘定后的坟头组以黄绿色、灰绿色、灰黄色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩为主,富含腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫和遗迹化石; 清水组下部以紫红色、红褐色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主,夹少量石英砂岩,上部以紫红色、黄绿色石英砂岩为主,夹泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩。在清水组上部新发现的鱼类化石包括盔甲鱼类锅顶山汉阳鱼(Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis)、意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis inexpectatus)、后棘江夏鱼(Jiangxialepis retrospina)及软骨鱼类中华棘鱼(Sinacanthus)、新中华棘鱼(Neosinacanthus)。这些新发现的古鱼均为张家界脊椎动物群温塘鱼类化石组合中的成员,其中,后棘江夏鱼可以跟产自江西武宁地区下红层清水组中的九江江夏鱼(J. jiujiangensis)直接对比,二者同属于真盔甲鱼目曙鱼科江夏鱼属,而曙鱼科成员则可以作为志留系下红层的标志性分子。根据鱼群面貌和地层层序,武汉地区的志留系下红层可以与皖、苏地区的侯家塘组、浙西北地区的唐家坞组、赣西北地区的清水组、湘西北地区的溶溪组以及新疆塔里木地区的塔塔埃尔塔格组进行很好的对比,其时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。华南板块志留系下红层的分布特征表明, 在特列奇期早期,上、下扬子海之间存在一狭长的浅海区域,这为盔甲鱼类在湖北武汉和江西武宁两地之间的扩散与交流提供了便利条件和可能。     

Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the mid- to upper Palaeozoic succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia

The stratigraphy of the Devonian to Permian succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia is revised. The Timah Tasoh Formation consists of black mudstone containing graptolites and tentaculitids indicating a Pragian or earliest Emsian age. The Sanai Limestone overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation at Sanai Hill B and contains conodonts indicating a Late Devonian (Frasnian to possibly early Famennian) age. In other places, Late Tournaisian chert of the Telaga Jatoh Formation overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation. The overlying Kubang Pasu Formation is predominantly composed of mudstone and sandstone, and can be divided into 3 subunits, from oldest to youngest: (1) Chepor Member; (2) Undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation; (3) Uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation. The ammonoid Praedaraelites tuntungensis sp. nov. is reported and described from the Chepor Member of Bukit Tuntung, Pauh. The genus indicates a Late Viséan age for part of the subunit. Dropstones and diamictites from the Chepor Member indicate a glacial marine depositional environment. The Carbo-Permian, undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation consists of similar interbedded mudstone and sandstone. The uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation of Kungurian age consists of coarsening upward cycles of clastics, representing a shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced shoreline. The Permian Chuping Limestone also represents shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced deposits. A Mid-Palaeozoic Unconformity separating Early–Late Devonian rocks from overlying Late Devonian–Carboniferous deposits probably marks initiation of rifting on Sibumasu, which eventually led to the separation of Sibumasu from Australian Gondwana during the late Sakmarian (Early Permian).     

具彩色斑纹颅形贝在广西桂林下石炭统黄金组中的发现:兼论颅形贝属的地质地理分布

文中描述了产自广西桂林地区下石炭统黄金组下部的颅形贝属一新种,桂林颅形贝(Cranaena guilinensis)。新种以平直的前结合缘和背壳上发育中槽为特征。在4枚标本上发现保存有放射状的彩色条带,表明该种当时生活在温暖海域的浅水环境。对该属70个种的地质地理分布和生物多样性变化的初步分析表明,该属可能起源于早泥盆世欧美大陆西北缘的老世界区,之后的地理分布和生物多样性发展以北美地区为中心,经历了中泥盆世—晚泥盆世早期和早石炭世2次比较明显的辐射演化、迁移扩散高峰和晚泥盆世晚期的1次严重衰退。第1次高峰是中泥盆世—晚泥盆世早期,该属的生物多样性达到巅峰,生物地理分布范围扩大到欧美大陆之外的西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块和华南板块等;第2次高峰是早石炭世,该属的生物多样性虽不及前一次,但获得了最广泛的地理分布,不仅在北方大陆有分布,而且已进入到冈瓦纳大陆边缘。晚泥盆世晚期该属的1次严重衰退显然与F/F灭绝事件有关。早石炭世之后,该属进入衰退阶段,最终在二叠纪初灭绝。     

再论华南志留系红层的时代

牙形刺P.eopennatus带的确立和P.celloni带、P.amorphognathoides带的细分,使华南Llandovery统的划分和对比发生了变化,以往归入P.celloni带的地层,极大多数都要归属到P.eopennatus带,层位变低。依据牙形刺生物地层的分析,溶溪组（下红层）的时代可能为埃隆期晚期,...     

Biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposits in the Arctic region of West Siberia (Implications of Foraminifers)

Benthic foraminifers from borehole sections recovered by drilling in the Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia, characterize the Ceratobulimina cretacea Beds (the upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian) and the Spiroplectammina variabilis-Gaudryina rugosa spinulosa and Spiroplectammina kasanzevi-Bulimina rosenkrantzi regional zones of the lower and upper Maastrichtian, respectively. The Danian Stage is missing from the sections, which include marine deposits of the Selandian Stage attributed to the Ceratolamarckina tuberculata Beds. Foraminiferal assemblages of the beds include the Siberian endemic species associated with Paleocene foraminifers of the Midway-type fauna of subglobal distribution range. Occurrence of the latter suggests that warm-water surface currents from the North Atlantic reached southern areas of the Kara Sea.     

Two rare taxa from the type area of the Devonian,south-west England

The rarity of certain taxa in the type Devonian, south-west England, may be real, but it is probably, in part, an artefact of preservation. In part this is a product of Variscan deformation, but disarticulation of multi-element skeletons into minute plates must also be a contributory factor. Echinoids are rare from these deposits and were hitherto limited to the Upper Devonian. A single radiole (=spine) from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Lummaton Shell Beds, Torquay Limestone Formation, is referred to echinoid sp. indet. Although stromatoporoids are common in these same beds, true sponges were hitherto unknown. In the same rock specimen, a moderately well preserved siliceous spicule is referred to octactinellid sp. indet.     

Local Bryozoan biostratigraphic zones of the Eifelian stage (Middle Devonian) of the western Altai-Sayan Folded Area

Bryozoan assemblages from the lower part of the Middle Devonian of the western Altai-Sayan Folded Area are studied because of the recent discovery of Eifelian ammonoids (Cabrieroceras crispiforme Zone) in the Safonovo Formation, which had been previously dated as Givetian. The bryozoan collection (21 species) was sampled from six sections of the Mamontovo Regional Substage (“Horizon”) of the Eifelian Stage, seven sections of the Safonovo formation of Salair, and one section of the upper part of the Melnichnaya Formation of Rudnyi Altai. Two groups of bryozoans with different species composition are recognized, one of which occurs in the Malaya Salairka Beds of the Mamontovo Horizon, whereas the other occurs in the Safonovo Formation immediately below the Cabrieroceras crispiforme Zone. Two local biostratigraphic zones are recognized on the basis of these groups (Eridotrypella distributa and Leptotrypa spinosa zones), characterizing the lower and upper parts of the Eifelian Stage of the western Altai-Sayan Folded Area.