共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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地下水资源是我国北方地区水资源的主要组成部分,对地下水资源全面科学的调查和评价,是解决水资源问题的基础性工作.农安县缺水由来已久,其中水质性缺水、资源性缺水和工程性缺水并存.近年来,由于过量开采地下水,局部地区出现了降落漏斗、含水层疏干、地下水水质恶化等环境地质问题.本文用回归分析法计算了研究区地下水允许开采量,分析地... 相似文献
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地下水资源是陕西实施西部大开发战略的重要保证 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
陕西在西部大开发中具有重要地位和良好前景。陕西是一个缺水省份,但存在着地下水赋存的良好地质-水文地质条件,地下水资源是陕西实施西部大开发战略的重要保证。面对西部大开发的新形势,依法加大陕西地下水资源勘查开发力度,把地下水资源勘查开发同其它基础建设要放在同等重要位置。组建专业委员会研讨地下水资源勘查开发问题。 相似文献
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加强新疆地下水资源勘查开发与生态环境保护 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
新疆地处内陆腹地,地形封闭,干旱少雨,生态环境非常脆弱,加之人类活动的影响,荒漠化对人类生存空间的影响日益严重,保护生态环境是实施西部大开发面临的首要任务,地下水资源勘查开发尤为重要。 1 新疆地下水资源状况 水资源是干旱地区生态环境保护和建设的基础,合理开发利用水资源是生态环境保护和建设的前提。由于新疆地质环境条件复杂和水资源在时空分布上极不均衡,水资源短缺不仅表现为“工程性缺水”,还广泛存在“水质性缺水”和“资源性缺水”。上游过度引水改变了流域自然生态环境,中下游生态环境用水难以保证, 结果造成… 相似文献
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河北省武安市属于资源型缺水地区,供需矛盾突出,地下水超采严重,水资源短缺已成为制约全市经济发展的主要因素。结合水资源利用现状进行分析,探索解决当前水资源问题的对策,提出了强化水资源管理、加大水资源开发力度、合理调配水资源、加强节水工作、开发雨洪资源等可持续利用战略。 相似文献
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贵州省水文地质工作思考 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
贵州省特殊的岩溶地质环境导致了严重的工程性缺水、频繁的极端气候引起了大范围的干旱灾害,强烈的人为工程活动导致了突发性的水源干涸和污染、工业强省和城镇化带动战略实施对水资源提出了更高的要求。尽管近年省内地下水勘查和应急找水打井取得了较大的进展,但是岩溶山区农村饮水安全问题仍旧严重、城镇应急水源亟待建设、工业园区和城镇建设需要大量的水源支撑、供水水源污染的形势仍然严峻。虽然省内丰富的岩溶地下水资源可以成为地表水供水的重要补充,但目前地下水勘查程度、找水和开发关键技术的相关研究尚难以支撑地下水有效开发。本文通过对上述问题的分析,提出了未来一段时期水文地质工作的方向,可供未来我省地下水勘查、缺水区找水以及相关研究工作部署的借鉴。 相似文献
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西部水资源与生态环境建设 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
水不仅是西部经济发展的主要制约因素、山川秀美的重要保证,而且是西部脱贫致富的希望所在,调整能源结构的重要途径。本文在分析我国西部水资源基本态势的基础上,讨论了水资源开发的主要问题,并结合中国工程院“西北地区水资源配置、生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究”项目,探讨了西部水资源与生态环境建设。 相似文献
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The deficiency of water resources is limiting directly and severely the social-economic development and ecological environment
protection in many regions, and has been exacerbated by rapid industrial growth and national and state agriculture production
objectives. Recent national, provincial and local water reform efforts are also focusing on economic efficiency in water allocation.
Mathematical modeling in advance is the requirement for scientific decision-making. Water allocation may have different objectives
and bases, but in market economy and on the condition of national investment, we should mainly pursue the maximization of
economic objectives, except the basic water guarantee for living, ecology and assuring basic production water use. The amount
of allocated water is a multi-dimensional variable and can be optimized in many contexts due to differences in the definition
of industrial structure, the technical level of production among different areas and the marginal revenues of water resources.
Therefore, the problem of water allocation comes down to solving problems of spatial optimization. This paper presents an
equating marginal revenue theory for spatial allocation of water resources: when the marginal revenues of water in all area
have the same value, the economic benefit from water for all the intake areas reaches its maximum. When the local available
water resources and the marginal revenue of water for all sub-areas are given, for different total water supply from outside,
we may calculate the optimized dynamic allocation scheme, the sequence of water allocation starting and the economic benefit
from the water allocation for different sub-areas, as well as the integrated maximum economic benefit from water utilization.
The example of the six southern districts in Hebei province of China illustrates the feasibility of the theory and models.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Dr. B.L. Sukhwal 《GeoJournal》1987,15(3):307-315
The significance of this study has been to give an overall view of the use of water in the arid western United States and to evaluate the key geographical, political, and legal factors that affect the water resource development in the region. This study includes the availability of water resources; usage of water, especially for irrigation, industry, urban, and household consumption; and methods of conservation to meet the growing demands for scarce water resources. The solutions for conservation are interbasin transfers with appropriate apportionment among western states; conserving water through drip irrigation; desalination of saline water; decreasing demand through increasing efficiency; and establishing cooperation among the western states for equitable distribution of water. The western states have to realize that scarce water in the West should be used judiciously and conservation practices have to be followed strictly to meet the future need for water. In recent years, the federal government is becoming hesitant to extend large amount of money for water projects in the West because of growing federal deficits. Water may play an important role in maintaining the standard of living for the fast growing population in the sunbelt and in accelerating the pace of economic development in the western United States.A paper presented at the International Symposium on the Exploration and Utilization of Natural Resources in Arid Areas held under the auspices of the Chinese Academy Science, ISEUNRAA, Xinjiang, Urumqi, China, from August 7–13, 1985. 相似文献
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Review: Safe and sustainable groundwater supply in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Exploitation of groundwater has greatly increased since the 1970s to meet the increased water demand due to fast economic development in China. Correspondingly, the regional groundwater level has declined substantially in many areas of China. Water sources are scarce in northern and northwestern China, and the anthropogenic pollution of groundwater has worsened the situation. Groundwater containing high concentrations of geogenic arsenic, fluoride, iodine, and salinity is widely distributed across China, which has negatively affected safe supply of water for drinking and other purposes. In addition to anthropogenic contamination, the interactions between surface water and groundwater, including seawater intrusion, have caused deterioration of groundwater quality. The ecosystem and geo-environment have been severely affected by the depletion of groundwater resources. Land subsidence due to excessive groundwater withdrawal has been observed in more than 50 cities in China, with a maximum accumulated subsidence of 2–3 m. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems are being degraded due to changes in the water table or poor groundwater quality. This paper reviews these changes in China, which have occurred under the impact of rapid economic development. The effects of economic growth on groundwater systems should be monitored, understood and predicted to better protect and manage groundwater resources for the future. 相似文献
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近年来,气候变化背景下的水资源问题得到日益增加的关注,其研究从水资源短缺、供需平衡等内容转向适应可持续发展的综合研究。基于投入产出理论的水资源研究,从系统循环的角度分析资源的流动性和持续性,能够揭示水资源-经济社会复合系统中各要素的内在数量关系,提出面向可持续发展的水资源价值观和方法论。首先,从模型拓展和实际应用两条主线梳理了国内外基于投入产出理论的水资源相关研究。在模型方面,概括了投入占用产出模型、水资源投入产出模型和区域间投入产出模型的发展和适用性,对比分析了不同区域间投入产出模型的优缺点。在应用方面,分别从不同时空尺度、驱动力因素等方面对虚拟水、水足迹和水资源优化配置三个热点内容进行了整理,并指出:基于投入产出理论的水资源研究基本建立在价值型模型的基础上;区域间投入产出模型已成为分析区域间经济结构、资源流动等环境问题的重要工具。其次,讨论了投入产出模型在冰冻圈水资源管理中的应用,提出基于服务角度的水资源管理模式。最后,展望了投入产出理论在水资源研究中的应用,以期能够为决策者提供额外的信息以便更好的管理水资源。 相似文献
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气候变化下的水资源脆弱性和适应性管理研究成为全球和国家应对气候变化和保障水资源安全重点关注的问题,也是中国可持续发展面对的重大战略问题。介绍了水资源脆弱性和适应性管理的国内外最新研究进展;针对国家重大需求和国际科学前沿问题,综述了气候变化下水资源脆弱性和适应性管理存在的问题与挑战。提出了气候变化下水资源脆弱性与适应性管理理论与方法研究以应对气候变化的无悔为准则,与社会经济可持续发展、成本效益分析、利益相关者的多信息源的分析与综合决策相结合为原则,对适应性管理与脆弱性组成的互联互动系统及其风险与不确定性进行分析的新认识。 相似文献
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中国的水环境与水资源可持续利用若干问题 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文简要分析了我国水环境的状况与趋势,水资源分布与利用的若干特点,并着重分析了降水利用、节水、矿山排水利用、咸水利用以及污水回用对我国北方缺水地区的意义。最后重点讨论了我国北方地表水与地下水联合运用的几种方式,提出人工回灌、优化调控;系统规划,联合运用;井渠结合、合理开发利用水资源的三种持续利用模式。 相似文献
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黑河流域节水生态农业与流域水资源集成管理研究领域 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述了中国内陆河流域面临的水问题和日益激化的用水矛盾,强调了内陆河地区支柱产业——绿洲农业应该坚持节水和生态的方向,流域集成管理是持续农业的基础。长期从事该方面研究的黑河流域是个较好借鉴,同时也提供了深入开展相关研究的基础,为此提出了以黑河流域为背景的四大研究流域:水文、生物、经济系统水循环与水资源形成演变,节水农业的生物学研究与抗旱品种繁育,农业节水新材料研发与工程节水技术集成,水资源合理配置与流域集成管理;并简述了各领域的主要方向。 相似文献
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城市水资源开发是一项庞大的、复杂的系统工程。作者在充分研究全国主要城市地质环境背景和全面分折城市水资源开发现状与存在问题的基础上,首次有针对性地提出了一套技术、经济、行政、立法等城市水资源开发综合战略对策,对解决当前我国城市水资源紧缺和合理开发及科学管理具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献