下扬子区上石炭统船山组碳酸盐台地层序与相对海平面变化控制:以句容剖面为例

江苏句容地区的上石炭统船山组碳酸盐沉积发育泥晶灰岩、细晶灰岩、生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、泥晶生物碎屑灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩和含生物屑核形石灰岩6种岩性,可区分出潮坪、开阔台地、台盆、浅滩和生物礁5种相类型。这套碳酸盐沉积序列由S1、S2和S3三个层序构成,其中S1为Ⅰ型层序,S2和S3为Ⅱ型层序。依据岩性、沉积相、古生物与元素地球化学特征编制出的相对海平面变化曲线,反映船山组经历了3次海平面相对上升和下降。相对海平面升降控制了层序的发育,层序S1由滨海砾岩-潮坪结晶灰岩(低水位体系域)、台盆相含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-泥晶灰岩(海侵体系域)和浅滩相含生物屑核形石灰岩(高水位体系域)构成;层序S2由生物礁相泥晶生物碎屑灰岩与开阔台地相生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-泥晶灰岩(海侵体系域)和开阔台地相含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩(高水位体系域)构成;层序S3由开阔台地相泥晶灰岩(海侵体系域)和浅滩相含生物屑核形石灰岩-潮坪相结晶灰岩-块状灰岩(高水位体系域)构成。下扬子区船山组是在构造相对稳定背景下发育的一套以开阔台地为主局部有滩有盆出现的碳酸盐沉积。开阔台地和台盆环境中沉积的灰岩是良好的生油层位,礁滩环境中的灰岩具备良好的储集性能。     

塔中地区晚奥陶世镶边台地沉积演化

通过大量岩芯、薄片、测井、地震等资料的对比分析,建立了塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组层序地层格架,并研究了沉积相演化、分布规律。晚奥陶世塔中地区为开阔台地、台地边缘组成的沉积型镶边台地。良里塔格组层序可划分出海侵体系域、高位体系域,共10个准层序组。前者包括准层序组1～4,为退积、加积准层序组,岩性以泥晶灰岩类为主、夹颗粒灰岩,局部发育生物灰岩。后者包括准层序组5～10,为加积、进积准层序组,岩性为颗粒灰岩、生物礁灰岩夹泥晶灰岩。海侵体系域时期,沉积范围逐步覆盖研究区,开阔台地与台地边缘的沉积范围相对稳定,开阔台地以滩间海、台内洼地等低能沉积亚相为主,台地边缘丘、滩沉积范围逐步扩大,出现镶边沉积特征。高位体系域时期,台地边缘沉积范围基本具有继承性,发育2～7期礁（丘）-滩的沉积旋回,形成礁滩复合体镶边特征;开阔台地大范围内为较低能滩间海沉积,局部发育2～4期丘（礁）-滩沉积旋回。该时期,台地边缘与开阔台地沉积地貌出现明显的高低分异,镶边台地成熟、定型。     

陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组层序沉积有机相特征及其烃源岩分布

沉积有机相是具有相似沉积环境、生物组合、成岩环境、氧化-还原条件以及相近有机质特征的地层单元,其分布受沉积盆地中层序地层格架所控制。因此,层序沉积有机相分析可成为确定和预测烃源岩分布的一种有效工具。本文采用层序地层分析与沉积有机相分析相结合的方法,将陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组划分为三个层序,并探讨了每个层序中沉积有机相的分布特征。研究表明,沉积有机相在层序地层格架中的分布呈显出一定的规律性,在盆地西部及南部的较深水层序中,沉积有利相类型主要为开阔台地C相,在垂向上变化不大,有机碳含量为 0.0 8%～ 0.1 8%。在盆地中部浅水层序中,海侵体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为开阔台地C相及局限台地D相,有机碳含量为 0.1 2 %～ 0.2 5 %,而高位体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为局限台地D相和蒸发台地E相,有机碳含量为 0.1 7%～ 0.49%,反映出盆地中部浅水层序中的高位体系域是烃源岩分布的最有利地带。     

邵阳盆地二叠纪层序地层初步研究

邵阳盆地是湘中陆表海盆的一部分，二叠纪地层发育完整，微相类型齐全，基本程序类型总体上有局限碳酸盐台地变浅旋回型、较深水台盆相硅泥质沉积的韵律式非旋回型及三角洲相碎屑岩类中的向上变粗或变细型3大类。纵向堆积结构，识别出了陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域、凝缩段及高水位体系域，进而归并出Ⅲ级层序4个。论述了层序格架及横向变化特征，指出沉积锰矿与早期高水位体系域、煤矿与陆架边缘体系域相关联。     

雪峰古陆边缘上石炭统露头层序地层

雪峰古陆边缘沅陵地区的上石炭统岩性特殊,以灰岩为主平白云质灰岩、砾屑灰岩与砾岩、砂岩相互成层,交替出现,因此,相对海平面升降变化在这种类型沉积中表现明显,利用层序地层的研究。上石炭统为１个三级层序,底部以Ｉ型层序与震旦系留茶坡组硅质岩接触;顶部仍以Ｉ型层序边界与下二叠统黔阳组成邻。包括低水位体系域、海进体系域和高水位体系域;依据准层序的叠是分为两个准层序组,即海进体系域和高水位体系域。     

塔河油田上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩沉积地球化学特征与台地演化

塔河油田上奥陶统良里塔格组下段以泥微晶灰岩、瘤状灰岩为主,上段以鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩、砂砾屑灰岩为主,纵向上构成了一个向上水体变浅的沉积序列。根据层序地层学研究结果,将良里塔格组划分为一个三级层序,细分为两个体系域。通过对各体系域地层单元的岩相学和地球化学分析研究,恢复了各时期的古地理面貌及沉积相带的空间展布。最终研究结果表明良里塔格组沉积相带具有开阔台地、台地边缘和斜坡3种类型,平面上由北向南顺序展布,走向近东西。微量元素分析进一步佐证和完善了该区沉积相带分析,V、Ni和Cr微量元素的含量显示从浅水到深水总体呈增加之势,Ce异常曲线对沉积环境也有良好反映,而台地边缘相的Sr/Ba比值表现出异常高值。     

羌塘盆地生物礁岩特征与沉积模式

在三叠纪-白垩纪，特提斯海域内发育有大量的生物礁岩，羌塘盆地内亦广泛发育。生物礁沉积序列可划分为4类：(1)浅滩相生屑灰岩、核形石灰岩→生物礁岩→开阔台地相泥晶灰岩→斜坡相角砾岩；(2)开阔台地相灰岩→生物礁岩→局限台地相白云质灰岩；(3)浅滩相生屑灰岩→滨岸相碎屑岩；(4)潮坪相粉砂岩、泥灰岩→潮坪砂坝生屑灰岩→生物礁岩→潮坪砂坝生屑灰岩→潮坪相泥灰岩。生物礁岩可分为骨架岩、障积岩与粘结岩3种成因类型。成岩作用有重结晶、胶结、压实、压溶与破裂、溶蚀作用等。主要孔隙类型包括原生孔隙、裂隙与溶蚀孔、缝三类。晚三叠世造礁生物主要为珊瑚和藻类；中晚侏罗世以珊瑚礁与海绵礁为主。生物礁岩以海进体系为主，高位体系域也有发育，低位体系域中少见。可分为珊瑚礁、海绵礁、藻礁和层孔虫礁。南羌塘坳陷西部以珊瑚礁为主，东部以海绵礁为主；北羌塘坳陷西部为藻类珊瑚礁、层孔虫礁，台地内部有珊瑚礁、海绵礁。按古地理位置可分为台地边缘礁和台地内部礁，前者分布规模大，在地震剖面上也有明显的反映，有可能成为重要的油气储层。生物礁的发育状况全球海平面升降所控制。     

普光气田飞仙关组沉积相与层序地层

普光气田飞仙关组属碳酸盐台地相,可细分为开阔台地、局限台地、蒸发台地和台盆等四个亚相.其中开阔台地相发育的鲕粒灰岩和生物碎屑灰岩为主要的储集层.该组地层可划分为2个Ⅲ级层序,界面平整,上下整合接触,在工区范围内展布较好.高位体系域沉积环境为高能鲕滩、介壳滩及生物礁,而海侵体系域初期则可形成处于蒸发环境的云坪.     

层序地层框架下的鲕粒滩形成样式:以北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系第三统为例

华北地台寒武系第三统,大致包括毛庄组、徐庄组、张夏组和崮山组,在其中上部大面积发育鲕粒滩相灰岩,从而不符合标准的威尔逊碳酸盐相带中"台地边缘颗粒滩相"的概念。在北京西郊下苇甸剖面,基于沉积相序列的层序地层划分表明,这些鲕粒滩相地层,常常构成层序的晚期高水位体系域或强迫型海退体系域,表现出层序地层框架下特别的鲕粒滩形成样式,成为相对快速沉降背景下的相对海平面缓慢下降的沉积响应,从而不符合标准的层序地层学模式,因为在标准的层序地层学模式中沉积作用主要发生在相对海平面上升和停滞阶段,而且在海平面下降期将形成一个连续的侵蚀作用不整合面。再者,与海侵作用期的陆棚相钙质泥岩和深缓坡相条带状泥晶灰岩、及其所代表的泥质碳酸盐沉积物主导的浅海陆架型台地相对应,强迫型海退过程之中发育的大面积分布的鲕粒滩,代表着寒武纪类型多样的碳酸盐台地类型中的一种新的碳酸盐台地类型,即鲕粒砂所主导的浅海碳酸盐陆架为特征的一种特别的碳酸盐台地,即浅海陆架被颗粒质的鲕粒沉积物大面积覆盖,向海一侧为缓坡、向陆一侧为潮坪。所以说,北京西郊下苇甸剖面的寒武系第三统,鲕粒滩的层序地层位置所代表的特别的形成样式,以及所蕴含的寒武纪碳酸盐台地的类型,将为更大区域的追索和对比、以及华北地台第三世的古地理重建提供重要的线索和思考途径。     

云南思茅盆地二叠纪层序格架与生储盖研究

根据层序界面的特点、凝缩段的组成,思茅盆地二叠系可分为2个Ⅱ级层序、9个Ⅲ级层序.在此基础上,探讨了层序格架与油气生储盖的关系可分为2个二级层序界面为一构造侵蚀不整合层序界面,是极好的储集场所.此时西部盆地中沉积物已经变质,与生储盖关系不大;而东部地区以开阔碳酸盐台地为主,低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域以形成储集层为主.第2个二级层序由海侵-高位体系域所构成.海侵体系域由龙潭组下部所组成,在普洱西部崖子以西为深水盆地（含斜坡）环境,以东为浅海环境,邻近东部古陆区为滨海环境.无论盆地或浅海,岩性以深灰-灰黑色泥岩为主,生烃性能极好.高位体系域可以分为早期高位体系域和晚期高位体系域.早期高位体系域由龙潭组上部层位组成,西为浅海相砂岩、火山岩等,可作储层;东为滨海平原,下部以深灰、灰黑色泥岩为主,是很好的生油岩,上部以砂岩为主夹火山岩,可作为储集层.晚期高位体系域西部为长兴组灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩,可作为储层之用.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with