河南卢氏盆地黄村断裂土壤氡气测量及断裂活动性分析

本文是为了确定在卢氏盆地内被第四系覆盖的黄村断裂的位置、断裂性质,分析黄村断裂与其北侧的乔家窑地热异常的关系。断裂构造是深部氡气汇集和迁移的主要通道,氡气沿断裂向上迁移,在地表浅部形成氡异常。土壤氡气异常可揭示隐伏断裂构造的位置、产状和活动性。黄村断裂通过卢氏乔家窑一带,为第四系沉积物所覆盖。沿垂直断裂走向方向布置4条测线。应用瞬时土壤测氡仪进行了野外现场测量,测试了土壤氡气浓度,确定土壤氡气异常,分析黄村断裂位置、产状和活动性。结果表明:黄村断裂带上方土壤氡气具有异常显示,异常位置与断层位置具有较好的一致性。沿QJ12测线,从南向北,土壤氡气异常形态为低-高-较高-较低-低的峰值形态。在断层带上方氡气峰值异常高于背景值的1.5倍以上,异常峰多数为2个测点以上组成。土壤氡气变化特征表明黄村断裂具有较强的活动性。利用土壤氡气异常分析了黄村断裂深部结构特征,给出了主断裂面与次级断裂面产状和位置。结合土壤氡气异常,分析了乔家地热形成机理。初步研究结果表明,豫西基底构造具有多期活动性,活化区域内的压扭性断裂,可转变为局部张性断裂,控制水热、成矿物质的迁移和富集。     

地球化学测汞方法应用讨论

对多年来国内外测汞方法应用提出了新的看法,为测汞方法指出发展方向.认为汞气主要来源于构造断裂带,汞异常与各种类型矿体(汞矿体除外)并不一定有直接联系,矿体产生的汞异常只占无矿构造断裂带产生的汞异常的极少部分.认为测汞能够应用于地质工作中所有与构造断裂有关的领域.     

聊考断裂活动性综合分析研究

在了解聊考断裂带地质背景、历史地震状况、地质构造状况等资料的基础上,进行区域布格重力异常和鲁西地区航磁异常的研究分析,并将结果与浅层地震调查探测、土壤氡汞气联合测试结果对比分析,得出构造带隐伏断裂的存在并具有活动性。     

城市活动断裂带的土壤氡、汞气评价方法

活断层的勘探是城市发展中的一项重要任务。根据氡、汞断层气在断层上形成的机制,分析了断层气上氡、汞异常形态特征。根据长春市两条已知断层实例,分析了断层上土壤氡气、汞气异常的特征,可用该特征来确定断层的位置、产状以及推测断层的规模,探讨了盖层的性质对异常形成的影响。它们可为活断层勘探、评价提供有益的参考。     

龙泉山断裂带隐伏断层氡气特征及其活动性分析

龙泉山断裂构造带作为龙门山推覆带的前陆隆起,严格控制了成都平原东边界,其活动性历来受到人们的关注。通过对龙泉山断裂带的氡气进行测量,可以有效地判断隐伏断层的位置及其活动性。测量结果显示,龙泉山断裂带北段东坡活动性强于西坡,主断层的活动性明显强于边缘隐伏断层,4条断层的活动性由强到弱依次为合兴场断层红花塘断层龙泉驿断层松林场断层。龙泉山断裂带同一条断层在地表由多个破碎带组成,其氡气异常特征与断层活动性和破碎带特征呈正相关性,即断层活动性越强,氡气异常特征越显著。龙泉山断裂带氡气平均异常浓度是背景值的9.6倍,将各异常带峰值浓度与背景值进行对比分析,大致归纳出了龙泉山地区隐伏断层活动性的相对判别标准。     

断裂带土壤气测量方法在断层活动性研究中的应用——以嘉峪关断层为例

为了判断甘肃省嘉峪关断层监测点气氡浓度2015年6月以来的高值异常变化是否反映了嘉峪关断层活动的增强,本文基于土壤气跨断层分布规律,应用跨断层测量方法,通过多组分相关性分析及理论建模,综合分析了嘉峪关断层监测点气氡浓度高值异常变化与断层活动的关系。结果显示：监测点断层气中氡浓度快速增加期间,CO₂、CH₄和H₂的浓度没有增加,气氡与CO₂、CH₄浓度的变化不具正相关关系,表明监测点增加的氡气来源深部较浅,不代表断层活动的增强。监测点两侧跨断层测量结果表明,地表环境未改变一侧的氡气浓度符合断层气分布规律,地表环境发生改变一侧的氡气浓度不符合断层气分布规律,并且地表环境的改变时间与监测点气氡浓度异常变化时间同步。因此监测点气氡浓度的高值异常是由地表环境的改变引起的,嘉峪关断层的活动并没有增强。该方法为用断裂带土壤气体测量方法研究断层活动性的可靠性提供了思路。     

天水地区主要活动断裂特征与氡气测试成果分析

断层氡气释放强度、范围、成分等的变化可以用来分析评价活动断层的相对活动性。研究了天水地区主要活动断裂的基本特征,并对这些断裂进行了氡气测试与分析。结果表明:西秦岭北缘断裂带的活动性为强—极强;礼县—罗家堡断裂的活动性为强;礼县—积石峡断裂的活动性为强—中等;清水断裂活动性为中等。该结果与活断层的活动强度较吻合,说明氡气测试成果可以作为一种断裂活动性的评价方法。      

天水地区主要活动断裂特征与氧气测试成果分析

断层氡气释放强度、范围、成分等的变化可以用来分析评价活动断层的相对活动性。研究了天水地区主要活动断裂的基本特征,并对这些断裂进行了氡气测试与分析。结果表明：西秦岭北缘断裂带的活动性为强-极强;礼县-罗家堡断裂的活动性为强;礼县一积石峡断裂的活动性为强-中等;清水断裂活动性为中等。该结果与活断层的活动强度较吻合,说明氡气测试成果可以作为一种断裂活动性的评价方法。     

汞元素的石油地质意义

油气中都含有汞元素组分,汞的物理化学性质决定其可以从油气藏中向上垂向运移,根据采样介质类型及样品预处理的手段不同,地表中汞的分析方法可分为壤气、热释汞及土壤总汞分析方法。壤气汞、热释汞及土壤总汞指标都有着很好的示油气意义,同时也有着示断裂带的地质意义。     

川滇块体东边界大凉山断裂带中段断层氡气特征及活动性探讨

通过对大凉山断裂带中段普雄河断裂、甘洛-汉源断裂、洪溪-美姑断裂进行野外的氡气测量,分析讨论各断裂带的氡气特征、相对活动性强弱以及与现代地震的发震关系。研究结果表明:(1)3条断裂均表现出氡气多峰异常的特征,指示其为多条断层或隐伏断层组成的构造带。其中,普雄河断裂带由6条断层组成、甘洛-汉源断裂带由3条主要断层组成、洪溪-美姑断裂由3条断层组成;与野外及地形地貌有着较好的对应性;(2)3条断裂带内各断层氡气最大峰背比介于3.89～16.30;异常平均峰背比介于3.11～7.09;异常平均值/异常下限值介于1.82～4.15,相对活动性判别表明,虽然普雄河断裂带最宽,次级断层最为发育,但甘洛-汉源断裂的活动性却更强,表明中生代以来的控盆作用更明显;(3)与区内已有发震断层资料对比总结出,当断层氡气异常平均峰背比介于4.67～5.12、异常平均值与异常下限值比介于2.73～3.00时,断层具有发生5.0级中强震的能力。而甘洛-汉源断裂带中侯波日哈断层、瓦依拉达断层氡气异常平均峰背比介于5.52～7.09、异常平均值与异常下限值比介于3.23～4.15,因此具有发生大于5.0级中强震的可能,也为监测区内活动断层的地震活动性提供了新的资料。     

龙门山地区关口断裂形成与演化分析

根据大量野外露头剖面资料与钻井数据,系统分析了关口断裂形成过程与演化特征。认为关口断裂在印支早、中期为张性大力构造背景下形成的同沉积正断层,在晚三叠世卡尼克期为生长性正断层;印支晚期构造事件中该断裂改变为逆冲断层。关口断裂活动性较强,其中在燕山晚期活动性最强。关口断裂在喜马拉雅期有多期次的、长时期的强烈活动;并且目前仍是一条活动性的断层。     

伊通盆地断裂体系特征及其演化历史

综合利用最新的地震、航磁、钻井等资料,对伊通盆地断裂体系进行了重新认识,并对断裂演化及其油气成藏的控制作用进行了综合分析.伊通盆地主要是受西北缘走滑断裂控制的新生代走滑-伸展盆地;断裂的性质、特征及演化极其复杂,按断裂特征及规模可划分为3个级别.一级断裂为西北缘和东南缘控盆边界断裂;二级断裂为早期张扭作用形成的呈雁列展布的马鞍山断裂,2号、3号、4号断裂和晚期压扭作用形成的西北缘逆冲断裂;三级断裂为盆地演化过程中形成的众多次级断裂.伊通盆地断裂演化特征与太平洋板块的俯冲作用、印度板块和欧亚大陆碰撞作用以及盆缘大黑山地垒和那丹哈达岭地体挤压位置与隆升强度密切相关,断裂演化经历了古近纪成盆期的右旋张扭作用阶段和新近纪反转期的右旋压扭及基底隆升作用阶段;新近纪反转期压扭作用形成的西北缘断褶带具有良好的油气勘探潜力.     

Fault-Growth Pattern of the South Margin Normal Fault of the Yuguang Basin in Northwest Beijing and its Influencing Factors

Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, digital elevation model 3-D analysis, field geologic field investigation, trenching engineering, and ground-penetrating radar, synthetic research on the evolution of the Yuguang Basin South Margin Fault (YBSMF) in northwest Beijing was carried out. We found that the propagation and growth of faults most often occurred often at two locations: the fault overlapping zone and the uneven or rough fault segment. Through detailed observation and analysis of all cropouts of faults along the YBSMF from zone a to zone i, we identified three major factors that dominate or affect fault propagation and growth. First, the irregularity of fault geometry determine the propagation and growth of the fault, and therefore, the faults always propagate and grow at such irregular fault segments. The fault finally cuts off and eliminates its irregularity, making the fault geometry and fault plane smoother than before, which contributes to the slipping movement of the half-graben block in the basin. Second, the scale of the irregularity of the fault geometry affects the result of fault propagation and growth, that is, the degree of the cutting off of fault irregularity. The degree of cutting off decreases as irregularity scale increases. Third, the maximum possible slip displacement of the fault segment influences the duration of fault propagation and growth. The duration at the central segments with a large slip displacement is longer than that at the end segments with a smaller slippage value.     

走滑断层研究进展及启示

自走滑断层概念提出之后,走滑断层在地质科学研究上的重要性逐渐体现出来,并在几何学、运动学、动力学及其构造意义等方面取得了重要的认识,使得走滑断层的研究得到快速的发展,但其分类及其成因机制分析还存在一定的局限性。在走滑断层相关文献调研的基础上,文章对走滑断层原理、概念和相关术语发展历程进行了归纳总结,同时也对走滑断层的位移特征、识别标志、力学性质、走滑派生或伴生构造、走滑盆地特征、走滑断层分类及走滑断层实例等研究成果进行了系统性研究分析。在此基础上,结合走滑断层的力学机制,提出走滑断层新分类方式,并运用新的分类方式进一步对美国西海岸圣安德列斯断层、新西兰的阿尔卑斯断层和中国著名的郯庐断裂带以及阿尔金断裂带等典型断层进行简要分析。      

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Relationship between the Pre-existing Active Kunlun Fault and Co-seismic Surface Ruptures Produced by the 2001 Mw 7．8 Central Kunlun Earthquake，China

Field investigations allow to constrain the co-seismic surface rupture zone of ～400km with a strike-slip up to 16．3 m associated with the 2001Mw 7．8 Central Kunlun earthquake that occurred along the western segment of the Kunlun fault,northern Tibet．The co-seismic rupture structures are almost duplicated on the pre-existing fault traces of the Kunlun fault．The deformational characteristics of the co-seismic surface ruptures reveal that the earthquake had a nearly pure strike-slip mechanism．Theg eologic and topographice vidence clearly shows that spatial distributions of the co-seismic surface ruptures are re-stricted by the pre-existing geological structures of the Kunlun fault．     

丽江-小金河断裂盐源段断裂带规模、断裂带结构及其历史活动性

2008年汶川地震促使人们思考青藏高原东南缘走向和规模与龙门山断裂带相近的丽江- 小金河断裂的活动历史,但受限于地质条件制约断裂尤其是其北段相关研究极其薄弱。基岩断裂带的物质组成与结构特征是断层长期活动的产物,蕴含丰富的历史活动信息。本文以丽江- 小金河断裂盐源段多个天然剖面为研究对象,通过详细的断裂带宏观结构调查、断层岩显微构造及XRD分析发现：① 断层破碎带以一套厚度>20 m的破裂面密集带为特征,优势破裂面走向为NE20°~30°,推测为丽江- 小金河断裂长期活动形成的张剪性破裂;② 断层带核部以断层角砾岩和断层泥为主,灰岩角砾岩黏土矿物含量~2%,以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主,粉砂岩断层泥黏土矿物含量~52%,以坡缕石和绿泥石为主,石英含量36%,缺失长石类矿物。断裂带宏观结构和断层岩微观结构特征均表现为角砾呈棱角状,砾径差异极大且呈零散状分布,符合快速滑动特征,指示断层滑移方式为黏滑。此外,核部断层岩带统计厚5~8 m,这一规模相对于龙门山映秀- 北川断裂带核部180~280 m和安县- 灌县断裂带核部40~50 m显著偏小,表明前者自形成以来的活动性远低于后者,两者的地震行为并不能简单类比。结合断裂在宏观结构特征、断层岩成分与种类以及所反映的滑动方式与隆升剥蚀量的差异,认为丽江- 小金河断裂更可能是鲜水河断裂切断锦屏山- 龙门山构造带之后形成的,晚新生代与龙门山断裂带具有不同的活动历史。     

河北东北部兴隆煤田区逆冲构造的特征及其区域构造意义

兴隆煤田及邻区的逆冲构造系基底卷入变形的厚皮逆冲构造,并具有典型的断坪-断坡式几何学结构.断层上盘逆冲方向指向NNW,沿着主干逆冲断层发生的倾向位移量约为13.1 km,逆冲断层及相关褶皱变形所造成的局部表层地壳缩短率约32.3%.对兴隆逆冲构造的几何学结构、运动学性质及其地层效应的分析表明,在申家胡同到黄土梁近东西向一线以南的区域,寻找到因逆冲断层作用导致的隐伏煤田的可能性是极小的.主干逆冲断层上、下盘地层大面积陡立乃至倒转的特征,更容易用断展褶皱,尤其是三角形剪切断展褶皱模型做出合理解释.该逆冲构造主要逆冲断层的上、下盘盖层岩系不整合于基底结晶变质岩系之上,地层序列发育完整而且可以一一对应,不存在沿着相对软弱层发育的大规模逆冲断层之断坪,因此,将该逆冲构造作为区域上承德逆冲构造的根带是不合适的.     

Salinia revisited: a crystalline nappe sequence lying above the Nacimiento fault and dispersed along the San Andreas fault system,central California

Salinia, as originally defined, is a fault-bounded terrane in westcentral California. As defined, Salinia lies between the Nacimiento fault on the west, and the Northern San Andreas fault (NSAF) and the main trace of the dextral SAF system on the east. This allochthonous terrane was translated from the southern part of the Sierra Nevada batholith and adjacent western Mojave Desert region by Neogene-Quaternary displacement along the SAF system. The Salina crystalline basement formed a westward promontory in the SW Cordilleran Cretaceous batholithic belt, relative to the Sierra Nevada batholith to the north and the Peninsular Ranges batholith to the south, making Salinia batholithic rocks susceptible to capture by the Pacific plate when the San Andreas transform system developed. Proper restoration of offsets on all branches of the San Andreas system is a critical factor in understanding the Salinia problem. When cumulative dextral slip of 171 km (106 mi) along the Hosgri–San Simeon–San Gregorio–Pilarcitos fault zone (S–N), or dextral slip of 200 km (124 mi) along the Hosgri–San Simeon–San Gregorio–Pilarcitos–northern San Andreas fault system, is added to the cumulative dextral slip of 315–322 km (196–200 mi) along the main trace of the SAF north of the San Emigdio–Tehachapi mountains, central California, there is a minimum amount of cumulative dextral slip of 486 km (302 mi) or a maximum amount of cumulative dextral slip of 522 km (324 mi) along the entire SAF system north of the Tehachapi Mountains. When these sums are compared with the offset distance (610–675 km or 379–420 mi) between the batholithic rocks associated with the Navarro structural discontinuity (NSD) in northern California, and those in the ‘tail’ of the southern Sierra Nevada granitic rocks in the San Emigdio–Tehachapi mountains, central California, a minimum deficit of from ～100 km (～62 mi) to a maximum deficit of ～189 km (～118 mi) is needed to restore the crystalline rocks associated with the NSD with the crystalline terranes within the San Emigdio and Tehachapi mountains – the enigma of Salinia. Two principal geologic models compete to explain the enigma (i.e. the discrepancy between measured dextral slip along traces of the SAF system and the amount of separation between the Sierra Nevada batholithic rocks near Point Arena in northern California and the Mesozoic and older crystalline rocks in the San Emigdio and Tehachapi mountains in southern California). (i) One model proposes pre-Neogene (>23 Ma), Late Cretaceous or Maastrichtian (<ca. 71 Ma) to early Palaeocene or Danian (ca. 66 Ma) sinistral slip of 500–600 km (311–373 mi) along the Nacimiento fault and of the western flank of Salinia from the eastern flank of the Peninsular Ranges (sinistral slip but in the opposite sense to later Neogene (<23 Ma) dextral slip along and within the SAF system. (ii) A second model proposes that the crystalline rocks of Salinia comprise a series of 100 km- (60 mi-) scale allochthonous (extensional) nappes that rode southwestward above the Rand schist–Sierra de Salinas (SdS) shear zone subduction extrusion channels. The allochthonous nappes are from NW–SE: (i) Farallon Islands–Santa Cruz Mountains–Montara Mountain, and adjacent batholithic fragments that appear to have been derived from the top of the deep-level Sierra Nevada batholith of the western San Emigdio–Tehachapi mountains; (ii) the Logan Quarry–Loma Prieta Peak fragments that appear to have been derived from the top of a buried detachment fault that forms the basement surface beneath the Maricopa sub-basin of the southernmost Great Valley; (iii) The Pastoria plate–Gabilan Range massif that appears to have been derived from the top of the deep-level SE Sierra Nevada batholith; and (iv) the Santa Lucia–SdS massif, which appears to be lower batholithic crust and underlying extruded schist that were breached westwards from the central to western Mojave Desert region. In this model, lower crustal batholithic blocks underwent ductile stretching above the extrusion channel schists, while mid- to upper-crustal level rocks rode southwestwards and westwards along trenchward dipping detachment faults. Salinian basement rocks of the Santa Lucia Range and the Big Sur area record the most complete geologic history of the displaced terrane. The oldest rocks consist of screens of Palaeozoic marine metasedimentary rocks (the Sur Series), including biotite gneiss and schist, quartzite, granulite gneiss, granofels, and marble. The Sur Series was intruded during Cretaceous high-flux batholithic magmatism by granodiorite, diorite, quartz diorite, and at deepest levels, charnockitic tonalite. Local nonconformable remnants of Campanian–Maastrichtian marine strata lie on the deep-level Salinia basement, and record deposition in an extensional setting. These Cretaceous strata are correlated with the middle to upper Campanian Pigeon Point (PiP) Formation south of San Francisco. The Upper Cretaceous strata, belonging to the Great Valley Sequence, include clasts of the basement rocks and felsic volcanic clasts that in Late Cretaceous time were brought to a coastal region by streams and rivers from Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks in the Mojave Desert. The Rand and SdS schists of southern California were underplated beneath the southern Sierra Nevada batholith and the adjacent Salinia-Mojave region along a shallow segment of the subducting Farallon plate during Late Cretaceous time. The subduction trajectory of these schists concluded with an abrupt extrusion phase. During extrusion, the schists were transported to the SW from deep- to shallow-crustal levels as the low-angle subduction megathrust surface was transformed into a mylonitic low-angle normal fault system (i.e. Rand fault and Salinas shear zone). The upper batholithic plate(s) was(ere) partially coupled to the extrusion flow pattern, which resulted in 100 km-scale westward displacements of the upper plate(s). Structural stacking, temporal and metamorphic facies relations suggest that the Nacimiento (subduction megathrust) fault formed beneath the Rand-SdS extrusion channel. Metamorphic and structural relations in lower plate Franciscan rocks beneath the Nacimiento fault suggest a terminal phase of extrusion as well, during which the overlying Salinia underwent extension and subsidence to marine conditions. Westward extrusion of the subduction-underplated rocks and their upper batholithic plates rendered these Salinia rocks susceptible to subsequent capture by the SAF system. Evidence supporting the conclusion that the Nacimiento fault is principally a megathrust includes: (i) shear planes of the Nacimiento fault zone in the westcentral Coast Ranges locally dip NE at low angles. (ii) Klippen and/or faulted klippen are locally present along the trace of the Nacimiento fault zone from the Big Creek–Vicente Creek region south of Point Sur near Monterey, to east of San Simeon near San Luis Obispo in central California. Allochthonous detachment sheets and windows into their underplated schists comprise a composite Salinia terrane. The nappe complex forming the allochthon of Salinia was translated westward and northwestward ～100 km (～62 mi) above the Nacimiento megathrust or Franciscan subduction megathrust from SE California between ca. 66 and ca. 61 Ma (i.e. latest Cretaceous–earliest Palaeocene time). Much, or all, of the westward breaching of the Salinia batholithic rocks likely occurred above the extrusion channels of the Rand-SdS schists; following this event, the Franciscan Sur-Obispo terrane was thrust beneath the schists, perhaps during the final stages of extrusion in the upper channel. Later, the Sur-Obispo terrane was partially extruded from beneath the Salinia nappe terrane, during which time the upper plate(s) underwent extension and subsidence to marine conditions. Attenuation of the Salinia nappe sequence during the extrusion of the Franciscan Complex thinned the upper crust, making the upper plates susceptible to erosion from the top of the Franciscan Complex near San Simeon, where it is now exposed. In the San Emigdio Mountains, the relatively thin structural thickness of the upper batholithic plates made them susceptible to late Cenozoic flexural folding and disruption by high-angle dip–slip faults. The ～100 km (～62 mi) of westward and northwestward breaching of the Salinia batholithic rocks above the Rand-SdS channels, and the underlying Nacimiento fault followed by ～510 km (～320 mi) of dextral slip from ～23 Ma to Holocene time along the SAF system, allow for the palinspastic restoration of Salinia with the crystalline rocks of the San Emigdio–Tehachapi mountains and the Mojave terrane, resolving the enigma of Salinia.     

中卫断裂带断层类型划分及其构造意义

中卫断裂带在晚更新世以来的左旋走滑运动中,先存的挤压逆掩、逆冲断裂带发生了分化。某些断层或断层段继续活动;另一些先存断层在晚更新世以来不再活动;此外,还发育了一些新断层。因此,我们把中卫断裂带划分出三种断层类型,即新生断层、继承性断层和遗弃断层。新生断层就是指：在某次构造运动中新发育的断层。具体到中卫断裂带来说,就是指晚更新世以来新发育的断层。这类断层是中卫断裂带左旋走滑运动的产物。在早期的挤压逆断运动中这些断层并不存在。通过对新生断层的调查研究可以获得以下资料。①反演晚更新世以来的构造应力场;②确定晚期构造运动的起始时代;③估算断层的断错幅度和速率。继承性断层就是指：在早期的挤压逆掩（冲）活动中就已经存在的断层或断层段,在晚期的左旋走滑运动中继续活动。继承性断层的最大优点是包含了较多的信息量。①继承性断层记录了多期构造运动的信息;②继承性断层是中卫断裂带多期活动的见证;③继承性断层是研究构造演化过程的重要依据。遗弃断层就是指：某些断层或断层段在早期构造运动中是主体断裂带的一部分,其活动习性与主体断裂带基本一致。当早期的构造运动终止之后,这些断层或断层段在后继的构造运动中不再活动,也就是说这些断层被遗弃。遗弃断层的作用就在于它保留了早期构造运动的大部或全部信息,这些信息基本上没有受到后期构造运动的干扰破坏。因而通过对遗弃断层的研究可以获得早期构造运动的主要信息。①确定早期构造运动终止的年代;②反演早期构造应力场方向;③研究断层的滑动方式,即粘滑和蠕滑。