用包埋脱水法冰冻保存海洋饵料金藻

用包埋脱水法冰冻保存绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova uiridis)、湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana 3011)等三种海洋饵料金藻，探讨了脱水速率、胶球含水量以及化冻后恢复方法对冰冻保存存活率的影响。结果表明，三种藻都在-0．9％含水量／h的平均脱水速率下获得最高存活率：各种藻在冰冻前的胶球最佳含水量不同，绿色巴夫藻为35％，湛江等鞭金藻和球等鞭金藻都为30％。化冻后，含绿色巴夫藻的胶球在培养基中22℃暗放置48h存活率最高；另两种藻在相对湿度为75％的气相中22℃暗放置12h存活率最高。在本实验条件下，绿色巴夫藻、湛江等鞭金藻和球等鞭金藻的冰冻保存的存活率可分别达到74％、15％和17％。     

温度对2种饵料金藻保存效果的影响

研究了在室温25℃±2℃,4,-5,-22℃下绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)的保存效果,通过测定其存活率以及主要脂肪酸的变化情况筛选出了2种金藻的适宜保存温度。结果表明,绿色巴夫藻短期内(30~45 d)在-5℃下保存效果最好,较长期(45 d以上)保存则应在-22℃,而球等鞭金藻则在-22℃下保存效果最好。     

皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的气相色谱/质谱分析

研究了用气相色谱/质谱法测定皱纹盘鲍中脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的方法。皱纹盘鲍经Folch法提取总脂,用10%硫酸-甲醇溶液进行反应,通过气相色谱/质谱法对其脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的组成进行分析。实验结果表明:10%硫酸-甲醇溶液能有效地对脂肪酸进行甲酯化衍生;同时促使烯醚键断裂,并与甲醇发生缩醛反应生成脂肪醛二甲基缩醛。通过气相色谱/质谱分析,从皱纹盘鲍中共鉴定出32个化合物,包括26种脂肪酸和6种脂肪醛二甲基缩醛;脂肪酸以C16:0、C20:4(n-6)、C20:5(n-3)、C18:1(n-7)和C22:5(n-3)为主;脂肪醛二甲基缩醛以C18:0DMA和C20:1DMA为主。皱纹盘鲍肌肉和内脏中的脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的组成基本一致,但内脏中的4,8,12-三甲基十三烷酸含量远高于肌肉,具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

泥蚶血淋巴营养成分的研究

本文利用氨基酸自动分析仪和气相色谱分析仪对泥蚶血淋巴中的脂肪酸和氨基酸进行了分析测定．研究结果表明：泥蚶血淋巴含有脂肪酸和氨基酸各18种，脂肪酸总含量为0．395mg／g，其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达0．215mg／g，约占脂肪酸总量的54．2％；氨基酸总含量为1、68％，其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39．88％，呈鲜味游离氨基酸和呈甘味游离氨基酸占泥蚶血淋巴氨基酸总量的47．02％．     

盐度对隐杆藻类胡萝卜素及脂肪酸含量的影响

于1992年6月，采集分离江苏台南盐场盐生隐杆藻，通过不同浓度的NaCl研究盐度对类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸含量的影响；类胡萝卜素，依Jones等（1974）方法提取，脂肪酸依Schwarzenbach等（1978）方法提取。结果表明，在0．5—1．5mol／LNaCl培养基中，类胡萝卜素的百分含量从2．76％下降到0．67％；然而当培养基NaCl浓度增加到3.5mol／L时，类胡萝卜素的百分含量又开始上升，到2.31％。在低盐度（NaCl，0．5－1．0mol／L）和高盐度NaCl，3．0－3．5mol／U）下培养的盐生隐杆藻中，总脂肪酸的含量高于中盐度（NaCl，10－25mol／L）的；软脂肪酸含量变化同总脂肪酸相似；此外，在不同盐度下各种脂肪酸的相对百分含量也是变化的。     

螺旋藻单半乳糖二酰甘油酯脂肪酸分子组成分析

采用硅胶柱层析法，从螺旋藻总脂中分离提取出单半乳糖二酰甘油酯(MGDG)，通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离纯化得到7个主要组分。经酶解(Lipase XI,Rhizopus arrhizus)、酯化,通过气相色谱(GC)分析MGDG及7其个主要组分中脂肪酸含量和分子组成。结果表明，MGDG中主要含有16：0，18：3,18：2以及少量20：4和20：5。MGDG中Sn-2位80％多为饱和脂肪酸16：0，Sn-1位57％以上为18：3。根据HPLC分离纯化所得7种主要组分的百分含量和Sn-1和Sn-2位脂肪酸的分析计算可得。MGDG主要脂肪酸分子组成为43．6％(18：3，16：0)，13．9％(16：0,16：0)，9．9％(18：2，16：0)，8．9％(18：3，16：1)。     

黑海参脂肪酸的气相色谱／质谱法分析

黑海参（Holothuria atra）体壁经Folch法提取总脂,用HCl-甲醇进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱／质谱法分析总脂中的脂肪酸组成。从黑海参中共分析出28种化合物,包括25种脂肪酸甲酯和3种脂肪醛二甲基缩醛。黑海参体壁中的饱和脂肪酸含量为22．93％,以C16：0（5．49％）和C18：0（4．38％）为主;不...     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成熟蟹、抱卵蟹、流产蟹肝胰腺脂肪酸组成的比较研究

采用气相色谱仪测定中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)不同生理阶段(成熟、抱卵、流产)肝胰腺内的脂肪酸组成。结果表明，中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中含有22种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)5种，单烯酸(MUFA)5种，多烯酸(PUFA)12种；MUFA的含量最高，占52．47％—58．56％。SFA次之，为23．17％—29．20％，PUFA的含量较低，为8．92％—21．11％。SFA、MUFA、PUFA的含量和cn-3／cn-6值在不同生理阶段的中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中差异极显著，油酸(c18：1)、棕榈酸(C16：0)、棕榈油酸(C16：1)是肝胰腺中的主要脂肪酸，其含量分别为35．2l％—40．49％、17．97％—21．97％和11．69％—14．90％，不同生理阶段的中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中各脂肪酸的百分含量差异显著。比较研究温州本地抱卵蟹和太湖抱卵蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪酸，发现脂肪酸中SFA、MUFA、PUFA的含量和Cn-3／Cn-6值差异极显著，除C14：1、C18：1、C20：1及C20：5外，其它脂肪酸的百分含量存在极显著的差异。     

秋茄胚轴油化学成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

用乙醚提取出秋茄胚轴油，经气相色谱一质谱联机分析，分离出36个峰。鉴定出32种化舍物。主要是二十四烷酸，1，2-环氧十九烷、二十九烷、二十二碳二烯酸等，占总面积的86．89％。     

闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的四种理化常数和角鲨烯含量

本文分析测定了闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的理化常数和角鲨烯含量。尖头斜齿鲨肝油的碘值特别高，说明其中脂肪酸的不饱和程度很高；非皂化物含量很低，约占肝油重的38×10－3（m／m）；角鲨烯含量极微，在肝油中仅占84×10－5（m／m）。闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的角鲨烯含量均很低，变化在（31～116）×10－5（m／m）之间。在相同的气相色谱条件下，小孔沙条鲨和狭纹虎鲨肝油中没有检测到角鲨烯。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.