胶东地块西部变质岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

对胶东地块西部变质岩作了系统的锆石U-Pb定年和矿物氧同位素分析,结果对这些变质岩的原岩性质和变质时代提供了制约。研究得到:(2)2个TTG片麻岩的原岩谐和年龄分别为2692±14Ma和2691±12Ma,部分锆石记录了1.7Ga～1.8Ga左右的变质事件。岩浆锆石δ~(18)O值为5.11～5.55‰,指示TTG岩浆在成因上与幔源岩石关系密切;(2)呈透镜状包体分布于TTG片麻岩中的斜长角闪岩全岩δ~(18)O估计值总体在6.0～6.5‰之间,表明斜长角闪岩原岩同样具幔源性质,其原岩初始氧同位素组成总体未受后期变质作用改造,但局部有低δ~(18)O值(3.6‰)斜长角闪岩分布,指示胶东地块西部同样存在δ~(18)O亏损事件;(3)粉子山群长英质副片麻岩具有较高的氧同位素组成,全岩δ~(18)O估计值在12.3～14.5‰之间,锆石δ~(18)O值高达9.92‰,指示其源区物质为高δ~(18)O值表壳岩。粉子山群斜长角闪岩全岩δ~(18)O估计值在5.5‰左右,表明其原岩具有幔源性质,原岩初始氧同位素组成也未受后期变质作用的明显改造;(4)粉子山群混合岩化变质作用时间为1748±22Ma,斜长角闪质混合岩中变质新生锆石δ~(18)O值为6.07‰,长英质混合岩中变质新生锆石δ~(18)O值为6.88～7.67‰,指示在混合岩化变质作用过程中有外部高δ~(18)O值流体加入,引起混合岩氧同位素组成不同程度地升高;(5)粉子山群中橄榄大理岩岩浆核锆石U-Pb不一致线上、下交点年龄分别为769±48Ma和215±34Ma,分别代表岩浆锆石结晶年龄和变质年龄,说明胶东地块西部同样存在新元古代岩浆活动,并遭受到三叠纪变质作用;(6)分布于TTG片麻岩中的基性麻粒岩原岩年龄为2379±54Ma,麻粒岩相变质作用时间为1794±41Ma,与混合岩化变质作用时间基本一致。麻粒岩相变质锆石δ~(18)O值为4.75‰,氧同位素研究表明基性麻粒岩原岩具幔源性质,其原岩氧同位素组成未受到后期变质作用改造。胶东地块西部新元古代岩浆活动、印支期变质时代和~(18)O亏损事件的产出指示,胶东地块西部有可能属于扬子板块,对应于扬子板块北缘新元古代裂谷岩浆侵位时裂谷肩部的北翼古老围岩。在印支期陆壳俯冲过程中,整个胶东地块西部可能并没有俯冲到地幔深度。     

胶南桃行超高压变质岩的氧同位素地球化学及其年代学制约

对苏鲁超高压变质带内诸城桃行地区榴辉岩及其花岗片麻岩围岩进行了单矿物氧同位素组成分析和锆石U-Pb定年。氧同位素组成显示出不均一亏损~(18)O的特征。石英-石榴石等高温矿物对的氧同位素温度为600～950℃,指示它们在榴辉岩相变质条件下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡。而部分石英-长石和白云母-金红石等矿物对的氧同位素温度为350～570℃,指示它们在峰期变质之后的角闪岩相退变质过程中达到并保存了同位素退化交换再平衡。锆石氧同位素组成低达-1.3‰～4.2‰,对这种低δ~(18)O值进行锆石U-Pb定年,分别得到762～834Ma的原岩年龄和202～249Ma的变质年龄。因此,桃行低δ~(18)O值锆石形成于新元古代(700～800Ma)的低δ~(18)O值岩浆。这种低δ~(18)O值岩浆是由于变质岩原岩经历新元古代高温大气降水热液蚀变后再部分熔融所形成。对于在角闪岩相退变质之后保存了封闭体系的花岗片麻岩样品(石英-长石矿物对温度为355～405℃),石榴石在榴辉岩相变质温度下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡(石英-石榴石矿物对温度为685℃),指示石榴石中Sm-Nd体系在同样的变质务件下也达到了平衡。因此,花岗片麻岩中石榴石-斜长石-全岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄215±11Ma与锆石变质边的三叠纪年龄(202～249Ma)一样,代表了榴辉岩相峰期变质后的冷却年龄。而花岗片麻岩中石英-钾长石和石英-斜长石矿物对处于氧同位素不平衡状态,同时钾长石和斜长石相对于样品中其它矿物异常亏损~(18)O,指示在角闪岩相退变质之后体系曾经开放,岩石受到低~(18)O流体在低温和中温下(200～400℃)的热液蚀变。这种奈件下矿物氧同位素的退化交换是由表面反应机制控制,与Nd的扩散机制不同,因此氧同位素平衡无法制约Sm-Nd矿物等时线的有效性。     

大别山东南部高压—超高压变质岩的氢氧同位素地球化学

本文报道了大别山东南部安徽石马地区柯石英榴辉岩组合和黄镇地区石英榴辉岩组合的全岩及单矿物的氢氧同位素特征。石马榴辉岩的δ18O值在1.0‰～7.4‰之间,云母δD值为-76‰～-61‰;黄镇榴辉岩的全岩δ18O值为-1.1‰～-2.1‰,云母δD值为-89‰～-77‰。矿物之间的氢氧同位素分馏既有处于平衡状态者,也有处于不平衡状态者,反映这些岩石除继承变质前母体的18O亏损特征外,还经历了显著的同位素退化交换作用。石马和黄镇榴辉岩的矿物对氧同位素温度均给出两个峰值380～430℃与绿片岩相变质条件一致,600～640℃与高角闪岩相变质条件一致;给不出峰变质温度(750～800℃)是由于岩石经历了退变质流体的强烈改造作用。大别东南部高压-超高压榴辉岩的南部边界为石英榴辉岩与花岗片麻岩的界线,但氧同位素研究指示两者为原位接触关系。     

荣成地区特别富^18O的榴辉岩的成因

荣成地区的M类榴辉岩特别富集18O,这样富18O的榴辉岩在大别山-苏鲁超高压变质带还尚未见报导。异常高的δ18O值表明M类榴辉岩与围岩-大理岩在变质过程中发生过强烈的氧同位素交换。稳定同位素、流体包裹体等证据揭示氧同位素交换可能发生在超高压岩石的折返过程中,由于叠加的麻粒岩相退变质作用使同俯冲的新元古代海相碳酸盐岩发生了去碳酸盐化作用,产生了富CO2的变质流体。这种退变质流体特别富18O,成为M类榴辉岩与围岩碳酸盐岩交换的媒介。所观测到的M类榴辉岩内矿物之间,以及榴辉岩与围岩大理岩之间都基本达到了高温下的氧同位素平衡。由于荣成地区各类榴辉岩记录的变质温度普遍高于大别山和苏鲁南段的榴辉岩,因此这一地区的榴辉岩在折返过程中一般都叠加有麻粒岩相和／或角闪岩相的退变质作用。退变质流体,特别是麻粒岩相退变质期间产生的富CO2流体,是造成这一地区M类榴辉岩有别于其它地区M类榴辉岩-特别富18O的根源。     

西南大别榴辉岩和麻粒岩的氧同位素地球化学

报道了大别造山带西南部湖北红安榴辉岩和罗田麻粒岩的氧同位素组成，并讨论了氧扩散作用对矿物氧同位素平衡的影响，结果得到，红安榴辉岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．4－7．3‰，罗田黄土岭麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．6－7．8‰，罗田惠兰山麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为3．9‰，这些榴辉岩和麻粒岩全岩的氧同位素组成保持了峰期变质条件下的平衡分馏特征，得到的氧同位素温度对于红安榴辉岩425－620度，对于罗田麻粒岩为740－945度。根据快速颗粒边界扩散模型计算的矿物对氧同位素温度不仅与大多数实测氧同位素温度一致，而且与岩石学测温结果相吻合，因此，这些岩石与东大别榴辉岩一样在形成后经历了快速冷却过程，退变质反应过程中没有外来流体加入。     

西天山高压脉及主岩的氧同位素研究——古俯冲带深部流体及俯冲特征的启示

位于中国南天山的西天山高压变质带代表了伊犁-中天山与塔里木两个板块间古生代南天山洋的古俯冲混杂岩带.高压变质带内广泛发育高压脉.为探讨古俯冲深部流体来源及运移特点及板块俯冲特征,对高压脉和主岩的全岩及主要的高压变质矿物的氧同位素进行了分析.高压脉的δ18O值变化于+8.28‰与+10.70‰之间,多数在+9.50‰±1范围内.基性变质岩的主岩与高压脉具相似的氧同位素组成,变化于+9.25‰～+10.10‰之间.高压脉和主岩的全岩δ18O值变化不大.高压脉与相邻主岩间、同一高压脉中间与边部间氧同位素组成的变化没有明显的规律,一般变化不大,对于大多数脉-主岩对,变化小于1‰.与全岩完全不同的是,单矿物氧同位素组成显示出很大的变化范围,石英、石榴石、绿辉石的δ18O值分别为+11.40‰～+15.20‰,+3.59‰～+11.60‰和+8.30‰～+13.05‰,多硅白云母和蓝闪石δ18O的变化较小,分别为+10.00‰～+11.10‰和+9.26‰～+9.94‰.榴辉质岩石中高压变质矿物间氧同位素分馏广泛不平衡.全岩氧同位素组成特征表明,俯冲带深部流体主体来自邻近主岩,外来流体对氧同位素贡献有限.单矿物氧同位素广泛不平衡特征可能指示古俯冲带俯冲板片的快速俯冲和折返以及部分外来流体的参与.     

超高压变质作用过程中的流体-岩石相互作用——中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔（0～2050m）岩心的氧同位素证据

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海地区。该钻孔0～2050m井段钻遇的岩石主要是榴辉岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩和石榴石橄榄岩。激光原位氧同位素研究表明，变质矿物的δ^18O值具有显著的不均一性，从-6．8‰变化至 7．5‰。空间上看，从近地表至1000m深度δ^18O值逐渐降低，向更深处又逐渐升高。位于钻孔1100～1600m深度之间的正片麻岩是新元古代花岗岩体，该岩体的侵入为表壳岩与低氧同位素大气降水之间的水-岩交换作用提供了热源，并导致岩体附近的围岩发生了最强烈的水-岩蚀变，因此具有极低的氧同位素值。研究还显示，在厘米尺度内，大多数超高压变质矿物之间具有平衡的氧同位素组成，所获得的超高压峰期变质温度为700～882℃，与矿物之间的主元素交换温度计获得的结果基本相同。超高压变形与变质分异、高压退变质作用及其伴生的局部流体活动可能是造成超高压变质矿物氧同位素不平衡的主要原因。研究进一步证明，超高压变质岩原岩的异常低氧同位素特征在大陆板块的俯冲与折返过程中得以较好保存，在超高压变质前期、同期和后期均没有大规模的透入性流体活动发生。与围岩呈构造接触关系的石榴石橄榄岩具有正常地幔岩的氧同位素成分，它很可能是构造侵位到俯冲带之间的地幔楔状体，并不具有与表壳岩相同的前超高压变质历史。     

太阳星云中同位素异常和分馏

最新的陨石学资料证明,陨石中表征早期太阳星云同位素异常的证据普遍存在,尤其是碳质球粒陨石难熔包体中。近年在铁陨石和球粒陨石单矿物中也发现了同位素异常,看来在形成行星初始物质的早期太阳星云中,同位素不均匀性是一种非常普遍的现象。 1.氧同位素异常陨石中氧同位素的变化过去一直认为是由于质量分馏造成的。例如,Onuma等(1972)将其变化归结于原始尘埃和冷却的太阳星云气体之间的同位素交换。在3个含钙铝黄长石-尖晶石的阿伦德包体中,相对于SMOW,δ~(18)O为—9.7‰～—11.5‰,这样的组成是在与太阳星云的平衡温度低至800K产生的,或者在包体形成的太阳星云区有非常低的δ~(18)O,此温度较包体的矿物学和结构显示的温度低得多,这一明显差异难以得到合理解释。Clayton等(1973)首先证明了碳质球粒陨石中无水高温矿物强烈贫重氧同位素~(17)O和~(18)O,这种效应是核过程的结果,来自于几乎纯~(16)O组分的的混合,也许产生于太阳系,也许代表了与核合成历史分离的星际尘埃。Clayton等(1977)指出,C_2、C_3和C_4球粒陨石中,相对于地球丰度都存在~(18)O过剩,所有C_3、C_4陨石全岩和矿物分离相都落在与1％     

深部地壳的氧同位素变异——加拿大安大略省Wawa-Kapuskasing地壳断面

我们已经研究了安大略中部苏必利尔省内100km断面域内岩石的氧同位素组成。代表性构造单元有kapuskasing构造带的较浅部地体,Wawa片麻岩地体和Michipicoten绿岩带。这些岩石的年龄介于2.76～2.60 Ga之间,并且与约20km厚的地壳断面相对应。在每个地壳层次,相同的岩石类型具有类似的δ~(18)O数值范围。英云闪长质到花岗闪长质岩石:6.4～9.5‰;闪长质到斜长质岩石:5.5～7.6‰;镁铁质片麻岩:组1(主体):5.7～7.1‰;组2:8.1～9.5‰。δ~(18)O值与SiO_2值具有明显的相关性,这与相同成分未蚀变深成岩的观测结果类似。副片麻岩具有相当高的δ~(18)O值;9.3～12.2‰。与kapuskasing构造带和Wawa片麻岩地体中的高级变质岩相比,Michipicoten绿岩带中的低级变火山岩和变沉积岩富含~(18)O。镁铁质到长英质变火山岩的δ~(18)O值为:7.4～13.3‰;碎屑沉积岩的δ~(18)O值为:11.4～14.7‰。共存矿物表现出与平衡作用相一致的~(18)O分馏作用,这与整个断面内均一的同位素温度(约553～584℃)相符。这一温度比最高级地体(Kapuskasing构造带)中推断的变质温度要低。Kapuskasing构造带,Wawa片麻岩地体和Michipicoten绿岩带中相同岩石类型之间无明显的同位素差异,这表明随地壳深度的变化δ~(18)O值没有明显的变化。镁铁质片麻岩的主体(组1)或是作为近地表的喷出岩或侵入的岩床产出,或是(可能性更小)作为水下喷发物产出,后者遭受了高温热液蚀变作用。不太多的组2中的镁铁质岩石具有遭受海水低温蚀变的绿岩的δ~(18)O值,并且在同位素组成上,它们类似于Michipicoten和Abitibi带中的低级变质岩。总之,在麻粒岩相交质作用过程中,全岩同位素组成没有大的变化,这就意味着有限的水和CO_2熔剂的存在。在高级变质岩中,δ~(18)O和SiO_2之间的连续的线性梯度并不是由于镁铁质源区岩浆分异作用造成的。关于幔源镁铁质岩浆和富含~(18)O的地壳物质组合的一个成因模式与氧同位素和稀土元素资料更吻合。     

胶东地块东部变质岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

对胶东地块东部高压-超高压变质岩作了系统的锆石U-Ph定年和矿物氧同位素分析,结果对这些变质岩的原岩性质提供了制约。研究得到:(1)区域花岗片麻岩及岩浆锆石普遍不同程度地亏损~(18)O,3个片庥岩样品中岩浆核锆石U-Pb年龄分别为723±36Ma、738±17Ma和744±63Ma,低δ~(18)O值(-0.42～4.14‰)岩浆核锆石说明其原岩为新元古代低δ~(18)O值岩浆岩,石英-石榴石氧同位素温度及少量印支期变质锆石的出现,指示片麻岩与榴辉岩曾经共同经历了印支期超高压变质作用;(2)花岗片麻岩中的榴辉岩原岩年龄有两种,一种是新元古代,其U-Ph年龄为806±79Ma。另一种是古元古代晚期,其 U-Pb年龄为1838±41Ma。这2个榴辉岩的超高压变质年龄分别为229±3Ma和242±21Ma。多数榴辉岩中的变质增生或变质重结晶锆石也具有低δ~(18)O值特征(0.22～3.4‰),指示在榴辉宕相变质作用之前,这些榴辉岩原岩为低δ~(18)O值蚀变岩或低δ~(18)O值基性岩浆岩;(3)大理岩中榴辉岩变质增生锆石δ~(18)O值高达15.9‰,U-Pb年龄为229±4Ma,指示在榴辉岩相变质作用之前,榴辉岩原岩与大理岩一样具有高δ~(18)O值;(4)斜长角闪岩的原岩U-Pb年龄为1719±18Ma,与同时期榴辉岩原岩一起构成扬子板块北缘新元古代岩浆侵位时的裂谷肩部围岩,在三叠纪大陆碰撞时同样受到变质改造。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)