The Metamorphic and Deformational History of a Continental Collision Zone and its Geodynamic Process——as Evidenced by Qinling Complex,Western Henan,China

The Qinling orogenic belt is a collision zone between the North China andYangtze cratons.The Qinling Complex is a Precambrian metamorphic com-plex,developed in the inner zone of the orogenic belt,which records themetamorphic and deformational history and PTt path of the regional meta-morphism of the collision zone.The present paper studies the metamor-phic and deformational history and the PTt path of various tectono-metamorphic cycles in order to describe the geodynamic processes prevailing inthat part of the Qinling orogenic belt since Proterozoic.The tectonometamorphic history and evolution of the Qinling Complex isdivided into two stages:the stage of formation and the stage of modificationDuring the stage of formation dated as Proterozoic,three deformational se-quences are recognized.The amphibolite facies regional metamorphism is earlierthan or synchronous with the first or second phase of folding.Threemetamorphic zones,i.e.And-Ms,Sil-Ms,Sil-Kfs are delimited.During thestage of modification,the emp     

华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论

华北克拉通基底可分为三个太古宙微陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个早元古宙活动带(孔兹岩带、华北中部带和胶-辽-吉带).这些构造单元具有不同的变质作用时间和P-T演化特征.东部陆块和阴山陆块晚太古宙基底岩系的变质作用发生在～2.5Ga,变质演化以等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映变质作用的成因与大规模地幔岩浆底侵有关.孔兹岩带主期变质作用发生在～1.95Ga,变质演化以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映阴山陆块与鄂尔多斯陆块碰撞形成西部陆块的热构造过程.华北中部带变质作用发生在～1.85Ga,变质演化同样以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映了西部陆块和东部陆块最终碰撞形成统一的华北克拉通基底的构造过程.早元古宙胶-辽-吉带变质作用表现‘双变质带'特征:西北带的北辽河群、老岭群和粉子山群的变质作用以中压顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,而东南带的南辽河群、吉安群和荆山群的变质作用以低压逆时针P-T演化为特征.华北克拉通基底变质作用演化地质图能更好地反映上述不同构造单元的变质作用演化特征.尽管岩浆弧、大陆裂谷和地幔柱模式都能解释东部陆块晚太古宙基底变质作用所具有的近等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T演化特征,地幔柱模式能够更合理解释东部陆块所存在的宽达800千米而时代近于相同的晚太古代火成岩带、大量科马提质超镁铁质岩石和双峰式火山岩、广泛发育的穹窿构造等.华北克拉通变质基底中具有石榴石-单斜辉石-斜长石-石英组合的高压基性麻粒岩和具有蓝晶石-钾长石组合的高压泥质麻粒岩的出露只局限在早元古宙华北中部带的北段和胶-辽-吉带的南端;这些高压麻粒岩形成在俯冲和陆-陆碰撞的构造环境中.西部陆块孔兹岩带含假蓝宝石麻粒岩是碰撞后(～1.92Ga)拉伸引发地幔岩浆底侵导致局部地带发生超高温(UHT)变质作用的产物.     

Identification of Archaean plate tectonic processes from multidimensional discrimination diagrams and probability calculations

We applied our group's previously published multidimensional diagrams in 2006–2012 and corresponding probability estimates in 2011–2012 to geochemical data for Archaean rocks compiled from cratons in Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and India. Tectonic processes similar to present-day plate tectonics evidently were active at least since the Palaeoarchaean (?3570 Ma). This seems to be true in spite of a presumably hotter Earth at that time. For the eastern part of the Pilbara craton (Australia), a Palaeoarchaean (3570–3450 Ma) and Mesoarchaean (2900 Ma) continental arc setting apparently evolved to a collision (Col) setting during the Neoarchaean (2600 Ma). We infer an island arc (IA) environment for Kambalda (Australia) during the Neoarchaean (2700 Ma). For the Barberton belt (South Africa), a transition from a mid-ocean ridge regime during the older part of the Palaeoarchaean (3470 Ma) to an IA setting during the younger part (3300–3260 Ma) is likely. We inferred an arc environment for the São Francisco craton (Brazil) and the Rio Maria terrane (Brazil) during the Mesoarchaean (3085–2983 Ma and 2870 Ma, respectively), whereas a within-plate setting is clearly indicated for the Carajás metallogenic province (Brazil) during the Neoarchaean (2740–2700 Ma). We also recognize an IA regime for the Mesoarchaean (3000 Ma) North Caribou and Neoarchaean (2700 Ma) Abitibi greenstone belts (Canada), and for the Gadwal greenstone belt (India) during the Neoarchaean (2700–2500 Ma). A Col setting was inferred for the Archaean sanukitoid suite (Canada) and the Kolar suture zone (India) during the Neoarchaean (2700–2660 Ma and 2630–2520 Ma, respectively).     

鲁西新太古代济宁群含铁岩系形成时代——SHRIMP U-Pb锆石定年

济宁群以隐伏的地质体分布于华北克拉通鲁西地区,以往被划归古元古代。近年来在济宁群的钻探和地球物理研究中,发现存在较大规模条带状硅铁建造,其形成时代引起地学界极大关注。本文对济宁群变质碎屑沉积岩和长英质火山岩进行了锆石SHRIMP年龄测定。含砾绿泥绢云千枚岩的碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在～2.7Ga,可靠的最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为2.61±0.01Ga。变质长英质火山岩岩浆锆石年龄为2.56±0.02Ga。研究表明,济宁群形成于新太古代晚期,而不是以往认为的古元古代。华北克拉通条带状铁建造主要形成于新太古代晚期。济宁群在岩石组合、变质作用方面与鞍山、冀东以及五台地区同时代含硅铁建造的表壳岩系有差别,但是与本溪南芬铁矿的岩石组合有相似之处。这些可能为我国的隐伏太古宙BIF铁矿的研究与勘探提供了重要依据。     

胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带巨量变沉积岩系的研究进展

华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括:东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带(Jiao-Liao-Ji belt)、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带(Khondalite belt)以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带(Trans-North China Orogen)。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构造、变质地质、岩浆作用、地球化学、同位素年代学以及地球物理等方面积累了大量资料,并取得了一系列重要的科学进展。其中,胶-辽-吉带是华北克拉通最具代表性的一条古元古代造山/活动带,它不仅接受了古元古代巨量的陆壳物质沉积,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,并经受了多期岩浆-变质事件的改造。胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的物质组成最为丰富,以大面积分布的巨量(火山)沉积岩系为特征,在中国境内包括吉南地区的集安群和老岭群、辽东南地区的南辽河和北辽河群、胶北地区的荆山群和粉子山群,向南西则有可能穿越郯庐断裂延伸至徐州-蚌埠一带的五河群,总体呈NE向展布,延伸规模长约1000km。从巨量沉积岩系的岩石组合和空间分布特征来看,荆山群与南辽河群、集安群可以对比,而粉子山群则与北辽河群、老岭群相当。然而,由于多期/多阶段强烈构造变形作用的影响,原来各群、组中地层的上下层位及接触关系已完全破坏,目前均已呈规模不一的构造岩片形式叠置在一起,彼此之间呈断层或韧性剪切带接触。巨量变沉积岩系的源区物质主要来源于造山/活动带内古元古代花岗质岩石和两侧古老陆块的变质基底,原岩形成时代为1.95~2.15Ga左右。以往研究表明,胶-辽-吉造山/活动带变质作用的强度十分不均匀,(中-高压)麻粒岩相变质只局限于胶北的荆山群及相关岩石,而粉子山群以及辽东南的南、北辽河群和吉南的集安群、老岭群只经历了角闪岩相变质,局部甚至只达到绿片岩相变质。粉子山群、北辽河群和老岭群变质演化P-T-t轨迹具有顺时针型式,而荆山群、南辽河群和集安群的P-T-t轨迹则具有逆时针型式。本文最新研究发现,古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用并非只局限于胶北地区的荆山群及其邻区,而是贯穿于整个辽东南地区的南辽河群和吉南地区的集安群,其变质演化P-T-t轨迹与胶北地区荆山群泥质麻粒岩以及基性麻粒岩一样,均具有典型近等温减压(ITD)顺时针型式,整个胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的麻粒岩相峰期变质时代为1.9~1.95Ga左右。野外观察和室内岩相学研究表明,在麻粒岩相变质作用过程中,胶北的荆山群及相关岩石、辽东南的南辽河群以及吉南的集安群中的泥质麻粒岩均广泛发生了深熔作用,长英质脉体呈不规则细脉状、网脉状和透镜状分布于寄主岩石中,且与寄主岩石之间呈渐变过渡关系。深熔锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,区域性的深熔作用(或部分熔融)时代为1.84~1.86Ga之间,表明这期广泛的深熔事件应发生于胶-辽-吉造山/活动带整体构造折返的中-低压麻粒岩相退变质阶段。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带的空间展布、南北边界、延伸规律及其形成的大地构造背景一直存在着分歧和争议,最新研究表明,蚌埠-霍邱一带地表露头及其以西第四系覆盖区之下的花岗质岩石、基性麻粒岩和富Al片麻岩岩心,均记录了1.85~1.95Ga的麻粒岩相变质事件,暗示着胶-辽-吉造山/活动带更有可能穿越郯庐断裂,向鲁西南延伸至蚌埠-霍邱一带及其以西的第四系覆盖区之下的变质基底。而辽南地块和狼林地块大量1.85~1.95Ga变质热事件和1.8~1.9Ga、~2.1Ga两期岩浆事件的记录,则表明辽南地块和狼林地块(至少是一部分变质基底)曾卷入到胶-辽-吉古元古代构造演化事件之中。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带构造演化过程及其形成的大地构造背景,目前有三种构造模式,包括:裂谷开启-闭合模式、弧(陆)-陆碰撞模式和先裂谷-后碰撞造山演化模式,然而,带内异常复杂的巨量火山-沉积岩系的物质组成、多期/多阶段的岩浆作用事件、多种变质作用类型和十分复杂的变质演化P-T-t轨迹样式、多期/多阶段复杂的构造变形特征,难以采用上述任何一种构造演化模式来加以合理解释。由此可见,有关胶-辽-吉古元古代构造/活动带南侧边界需要进一步准确厘定,有关狼林地块和辽南地块的构造归属,特别是胶-辽-吉造山/活动带在古元古代构造演化的动力学过程及其形成的大地构造背景还有待进一步深入探讨。     

Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications

The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the eastern, central and western zones, based on lithological, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. The western zone comprises two different petrotectonic units: Archaean tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) grey gneisses and metamorphic mafic rocks, and Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series. The former is characterized by isobaric cooling (IBC)-type anticlockwise P–T paths in the north-northwestern part of the zone and near-isothermal decompression (ITD)-type clockwise P–T paths in the eastern part, adjacent to the central zone. On the other hand, the tectonothermal evolution of Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks is characterized exclusively by nearly isothermal decompression following the peak of metamorphism and then cooling, defining clockwise P–T paths. The Archaean TTG gneisses and associated mafic rocks with anticlockwise metamorphic P–T paths reflects an origin related to underplating and intrusion of mantle-derived magmas which may be derived from mantle plumes. They represent a late Archaean continental block in the western part of the North China Craton. The Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks represent passive continental margin deposits. They were metamorphosed and deformed in the late Palaeoproterozoic during the amalgamation of the western continental block with another continental block in the east part of the North China Craton. The ITD-type clockwise P–T–t paths of the Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks record the tectonothermal histories of the collision of the western and eastern continental blocks which resulted in the final assembly of the North China Craton at c. 1800 Ma.     

从变质作用观看板块构造何时在华北克拉通开始

了解板块构造在地球上何时和怎样开始的是地球科学领域还没有解决的重要问题之一。作为板块运动的最终结果,大陆碰撞造山带是识别地球历史演化中板块构造机制起主导作用的重要标志。大陆碰撞带变质作用一般以顺时针p-T轨迹演化为特征,尤其伴有峰期变质之后的等温减压过程。这样,具有峰后等温减压过程的顺时针p-T轨迹是识别地球早期的板块构造作用的重要标志之一。作为世界上最古老的克拉通陆块之一,华北克拉通基底岩石变质作用p-T演化在过去几年已得到广泛深入的研究,使得该克拉通可能成为应用大规模变质作用p-T轨迹途径来探讨构造环境和构造演化过程的最佳场所。构造上,华北克拉通可划分为三个小的陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个古元古代活动带(华北中部碰撞带、孔兹岩带和胶—辽—吉带)。东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石变质作用具有等压冷却型逆时针p-T演化轨迹特征,反映变质作用热源与大量地幔岩浆底板垫托或侵位有关。尽管理论上这样大规模的地幔岩浆可形成在大陆岩浆弧、地幔柱或大陆裂谷环境,只有地幔柱模式才能合理地解释东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石时空分布、岩石组合和构造特征。这样,地幔柱可能是主导东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代地壳形成和演化的主要构造机制,而板块构造在晚太古宙并不是其主要的构造机制。古元古代孔兹岩带和华北中部碰撞带基底岩石变质作用均具有等温减压型顺时针p-T演化特征,反映两造山带都经历地壳加厚和随后的隆升剥蚀构造过程。这样的构造过程是板块构造体制下的碰撞造山带的典型标志。古元古代胶—辽—吉带可进一步划分为南部带和北部带,其中南部带基底岩石具有逆时针p-T演化特征,而北部带基地岩石具有顺时针p-T演化特征,也反映板块构造机制下的产物。现代规模的板块构造在华北克拉通上的启动时间可以由三个活动带中最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳形成时间来大致标定。目前,华北克拉通内部三个活动带中可识别出来的最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳是华北中部碰撞带2·56Ga五台花岗岩,它们的形成可能大致标志着现代样式的板块构造在华北克拉通大规模作用的开始。     

闽北政和地区晋宁期变质岩系的变形变质作用

政和地区变质岩石形成于晋宁期,遭受了四期复杂的构造变形作用。其中,D_1、D_2和D_3发生于晋宁期。D_2期形变造就了区域性宏观面理构造和松源复背斜,岩石面理产状不代表原始沉积层理,属轴面叶理。D_4期变形为后期加里东运动的产物。变质岩石由绿泥石—黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带和矽线石带组成一个热背斜式递增变质带,热背斜形态接近于松源复背斜。本区晋宁期变质作用可分为早期、主期和晚期三个变质阶段,各变质带的PTD轨迹均为顺时针,类似于陆—陆碰撞造山带的PTt轨迹。     

津巴布韦太古宙花岗-绿岩型金矿类型与资源潜力

津巴布韦太古宙花岗-绿岩型金矿床受构造的控制,金矿可分为褶皱控矿型、剪切带控矿型、层控型、深成花岗岩控矿型和构造-蚀变岩型等5类。津巴布韦花岗-绿岩型金矿多产于花岗质片麻岩与绿岩带的接触带上,金以自然金或金的硫化物形式产出。金矿成矿时代大致分为(2660±50)Ma和(2410±70)Ma(米德兰德绿岩带北部白钨矿Sm-Nd测年)2个时段,分别与新太古代TTG事件和大岩墙侵入相关。津巴布韦花岗-绿岩型金矿较多,但发现的中-大型绿岩型金矿较少,具有较好的金矿找矿前景。     

Composite nature of the North China Granulite-Facies Belt: Tectonothermal and geochronological constraints

Granulite-facies rocks are intermittently exposed in a roughly E–W trending belt that extends for approximately 2000 km across the North China Craton, from the Helanshan, Qianlishan, Wulashan–Daqingshan, Guyang and Jining Complexes in the Western Block, through the Huai'an, Hengshan, Xuanhua and Chengde Complexes in the Trans-North China Orogen, to the Jianping (Western Liaoning), Eastern Hebei, Northern Liaoning and Southern Jilin Complexes in the Eastern Block. The belt is generally referred to as the North China Granulite-Facies Belt, previously interpreted as the lowest part of an obliquely exposed crust of the North China Craton. Recent data indicate that the North China Granulite-Facies Belt is not a single terrane. Instead, it represents components of three separate terranes: the Eastern and Western Blocks and Trans-North China Orogen. Each of these units records different metamorphic histories and reflect the complex tectonic evolution of the NCC during the late Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Mafic granulites in the Eastern Block and the Yinshan Terrane (Western Block) underwent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at about 2.5 Ga, with anticlockwise P–T paths involving near isobaric cooling following peak metamorphism, reflecting an origin related to intrusion and underplating of mantle-derived magmas. Pelitic granulites in the Khondalite Belt (Western Block) underwent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at about 2.0–1.9 Ga, with clockwise P–T paths, which record the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of the Yinshan and Ordos Terranes to form the Western Block. Mafic and pelitic granulites in the Trans-North China Orogen experienced high- to medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at 1.85 Ga, with clockwise P–T paths involving nearly isothermal decompression following peak metamorphism, which are in accord with the final collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks to form the North China Craton at 1.8 Ga. The NCGB cannot therefore represent a separate unique terrane; instead it reflects the amalgamation of three separate granulite terranes that evolved independently and at different times.     

华北陆块基底构造格局及早期大陆克拉通化过程

依据区域构造分析及同位素年代娄数据库,华北克拉通普质基底主要可以区划为以处构造单元：１）鄂尔多斯陆块新太古代被动边缘沉积;２）恒山－－承德太古代末期构造带;３）太古代末期五台－－登封岛弧带杂岩及构造缝合带;４）鲁西－－冀东－辽吉新太古代活动大陆边缘岩浆杂岩带;５）胶辽陆块;６）冀北－－固阳古元代初造山带及内蒙－＝东再造麻粒岩要带;７）吕梁－－中条古元古代裂谷带;８）辽南古元古代裂谷带。华北克拉通早     

华北克拉通中部造山带早前寒武纪变质演化历史评述

根据变质作用程度不同,华北中部造山带早前寒武纪基底可以进一步分为高级区和花岗-绿岩带。前者变质程度可达高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相,包括太华、吕梁、阜平、恒山、怀安、宣化等杂岩,花岗-绿岩带的变质程度较低,多为绿片岩相-角闪岩相,包括登封、赞皇、五台等杂岩。已有变质演化研究表明,高级区恒山、怀安和宣化杂岩中的麻粒岩和(或)退变榴辉岩记录的峰期变质压力最高,恒山杂岩、阜平杂岩和宣化杂岩中的麻粒岩记录的峰期变质温度最高;花岗-绿岩带中的赞皇杂岩和五台杂岩出露高压斜长角闪岩和高压变泥质岩。中部带各变质杂岩中可识别出早期进变质、峰期、峰后快速降压和晚期冷却等变质阶段,拥有顺时针近等温降压型的变质作用P-T轨迹,与华北克拉通中部的俯冲碰撞有关。大量变质年代学数据显示,中部带各变质杂岩中至少记录了~1.85Ga、~1.95Ga和~2.5Ga三组变质年龄,其中,~1.85Ga的变质年龄占据了主导地位,大致与区域片麻理形成的时间一致,代表变质高峰期时代;~1.95Ga的变质年龄代表了峰期前的某个进变质片段;~2.5Ga的变质年龄则指示了更早一期的变质事件,推测与古老陆块~2.5Ga所遭受的大量幔源岩浆的侵入和底垫作用有关。然而,变质年龄与变质阶段的对应关系尚不明确。     

东南极茹尔群岛超高温麻粒岩的研究进展

茹尔群岛(又称赖于尔群岛)位于东南极普里兹构造带的东部边缘,是一个由太古宙和中元古代岩石组成的复合高级变质地体。中元古代岩石是含有富Fe-Al的含石榴子石-矽线石的费拉副片麻岩组合,经历了格林维尔和泛非两期变质作用。太古宙正片麻岩是含有富Mg-Al的含假蓝宝石的超高温泥质麻粒岩组合(梅瑟副片麻岩组合),主要由经历超高温变质作用的含假蓝宝石的泥质麻粒岩、富Mg的石榴子石-矽线石泥质片麻岩、斜方辉石-矽线石石英岩、含石榴子石镁铁质麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐麻粒岩等组成。其中,含假蓝宝石泥质麻粒岩中石榴子石变斑晶和矽线石集合体(蓝晶石假象)周围分别发育峰期后由假蓝宝石+斜方辉石和假蓝宝石+堇青石后成合晶组成的典型减压结构。含石榴子石镁铁质麻粒岩中石榴子石变斑晶周围则发育峰期后由斜方辉石+斜长石后成合晶组成的典型白眼圈减压结构。不同研究者得出了具有不同超高温峰期条件、峰期前及峰期后演化历史、不同形式的顺时针变质P-T轨迹。对超高温变质事件发生的时间和构造背景的认识也存在较大分歧,有认为超高温变质事件发生于格林维尔期(~1000 Ma)并与碰撞造山和弧岩浆作用有关,也有研究认为发生于泛非期(~590 Ma或~530 Ma)并与普里兹造山及冈瓦纳大陆聚合有关。因此,为理清该区超高温麻粒岩的变质演化历史和构造背景,需要对其进一步进行详细深入的矿物组合-变质结构分析、P-T轨迹重建及高精度的锆石-独居石U-Pb年代学研究,并进行区域上对比。      

Two Contrasting Eclogite Types on the Northern Margin of the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Eclogites have been recently discovered in the Xitieshan area in the middle segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin. These eclogites, together with those recognized earlier in the Yuka area of the western segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin and in the Dulan area of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin, form an eclogite belt with a length of 350 km. A comparison of the eclogites from the Yuka and Xitieshan areas suggests that they show different country rocks, microtextures, mineral assemblages, and especially, different peak temperatures, PT paths during decompression and isotopic features. Eclogites from the Yuka area bear evidence of prograde metamorphism, such as prograde mineral relics in garnet and growth zoning of garnet, and hairpin-shaped PT paths with coincidence of the baric and thermal peaks of metamorphism, which reflect rapid burial and uplift. Sm-Nd isotopic determination shows obvious Sm-Nd disequilibrium, and no isochron ages of Early P     

Meso–Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton,Indian Shield: new data from greenstone belts

ABSTRACT

The Mauranipur and Babina greenstone belts of the Bundelkhand Craton are formed of the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex (CBGC). This complex represents tectonic collage which has not been previously studied in depth. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the main features of the Archaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton. The CBGC consists of two assemblages: (1) the early assemblage, which is composed of basic-ultramafic, rhyolitic–dacitic, and banded iron formation units, and (2) the late assemblage, which is a felsic volcanic unit. The units and assemblages are tectonically unified with epidote–quartz–plagioclase metasomatic rocks formed locally in these tectonic zones.

The early assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt is estimated at 2810 ± 13 Ma, from the U–Pb dating (SHRIMP, zircon) of the felsic volcanics. Also, there are inherited 3242 ± 65 Ma zircons in this rock. It is deduced that this assemblage is related to early felsic subduction volcanism during the Mesoarchaean that occurred in the Bundelkhand Craton.

Zircons extracted from metasomatic rocks in the early assemblage’s high-Mg basalts show a concordant age of 2687 ± 11 Ma. This age is interpreted as a time of metamorphism that occurred simultaneously with an early accretion stage in the evolution of the Mauranipur greenstone belt.

The felsic volcanism, appearing as subvolcanic bodies in the late assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt, is estimated to be 2557 ± 33 Ma from the U–Pb dating (SHRIMP, zircon) of the felsic volcanic rocks. This rock also contains inherited 2864 ± 46 Ma zircons. The late assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt corresponds with a geodynamic setting of active subduction along the continental margin during Neoarchaean.

The late assemblage Neoarchaean felsic volcanic rocks from the Mauranipur and Babina greenstone belts are comparable in age and geochemical characteristics. The Neoarchaean rocks are more enriched in Sr and Ba and are more depleted in Cr and Ni than the Mesoarchaean felsic volcanic rocks of the early assemblage.

Through isotopic dating and the geochemical analysis of the volcanic and metasomatic rocks of the CBGC, this study has revealed two subduction–accretion events, the Meso–Neoarchaean (2.81–2.7 Ga) and Neoarchaean (2.56–2.53 Ga), during the crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton (Indian Shield).     

冀东-辽西太古宙火成岩岩石组合和动力学意义

冀东-辽西地区是华北克拉通北部出露面积最大的太古宙变质基底区.经过岩石组合填图和综合研究,将其太古宙变质火成岩分为2.64~2.60 Ga MORB型拉斑玄武质火山岩、2.61~2.52 Ga拉斑玄武质-钙碱性变质火山岩、2.52~2.50 Ga浅变质钙碱性火山岩组合和2.54~2.50 Ga英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质片麻岩、2.54~2.51 Ga闪长质-石英闪长质-英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质片麻岩、2.54~2.51 Ga紫苏花岗闪长质-紫苏花岗质岩石、2.57~2.52 Ga闪长质-石英二长闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩和2.53~2.51 Ga弱片麻状到块状二长花岗质-正长花岗质深成侵入体岩石组合.这些岩石组合从东北部的辽西阜新到西南部的遵化马兰峪地区呈现出条带状时-空分布特征.变质作用研究揭示了青龙-上营-洒河桥-马兰峪为高压麻粒岩带,记录了ITD型PTt轨迹,与NNW-NW向SSE-SE方向逆冲推覆构造相伴生;而三屯营-太平寨高温麻粒岩带,记录了IBC型PTt轨迹,与锦州-兴城-安子岭-界岭口-太平寨-三屯营伸展-底劈构造带相伴生.综合分析表明冀东-辽西太古宙晚期的构造-岩浆活动形成于热造山带型俯冲-弧后伸展到碰撞隆升的侧向增生动力学过程.      

The crustal evolution of South America from a zircon Hf‐isotope perspective

Hf‐isotope data of >1100 detrital zircon grains from the Palaeozoic, south‐central Andean Gondwana margin record the complete crustal evolution of South America, which was the predominant source. The oldest grains, with crustal residence ages of 3.8–4.0 Ga, are consistent with complete recycling of existing continental crust around 4 Ga. We confirm three major Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic (Transamazonian) and late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic crust‐addition phases as well as six igneous phases during Proterozoic to Palaeozoic time involving mixing of juvenile and crustally reworked material. A late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic, Grenville‐age igneous belt can be postulated along the palaeo‐margin of South America. This belt was the basement for later magmatic arcs and accreted allochthonous microcontinents as recorded by similar crustal residence ages. Crustal reworking likely dominated over juvenile addition during the Palaeozoic era, and Proterozoic and Archaean zircon was mainly crustally reworked from the eroding, thickened Ordovician Famatinian arc.     

The Central Bundelkhand Archaean greenstone complex,Bundelkhand craton,central India: geology,composition, and geochronology of supracrustal rocks

Analysis of 3.3 Ga tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series granitoids and greenstone belt assemblages from the Bundelkhand craton in central India reveal that it is a typical Archaean craton. At least two greenstone complexes can be recognized in the Bundelkhand craton, namely the (i) Central Bundelkhand (Babina, Mauranipur belts) and (ii) Southern Bundelkhand (Girar, Madaura belts). The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex contains three tectonostratigraphic assemblages: (1) metamorphosed basic or metabasic, high-Mg rocks; (2) banded iron formations (BIFs); and (3) felsic volcanics. The first two assemblages are regarded as representing an earlier sequence, which is in tectonic contact with the felsic volcanics. However, the contact between the BIFs and mafic volcanics is also evidently tectonic. Metabasic high-Mg rocks are represented by amphibolites and tremolite-actinolite schists in the Babina greenstone belt and are comparable in composition to tholeiitic basalts-basaltic andesites and komatiites. They are very similar to the metabasic high-Mg rocks of the Mauranipur greenstone belt. Felsic volcanics occur as fine-grained schists with phenocrysts of quartz, albite, and microcline. Felsic volcanics are classified as calc-alkaline dacites, less commonly rhyolites. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element distribution pattern is poorly fractionated (La_N/Lu_N = 11–16) with a small negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.68–0.85), being characteristic of volcanics formed in a subduction setting. On Rb – Y + Nb, Nb – Y, Rb – Ta + Yb and Ta – Yb discrimination diagrams, the compositions of the volcanics are also consistent with those of felsic rocks formed in subduction settings. SHRIMP-dating of zircon from the felsic volcanics of the Babina belt of the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex, performed for the first time, has shown that they were erupted in Neoarchaean time (2542 ± 17 Ma). The early sequence of the Babina belt is correlatable with the rocks of the Mauranipur belt, whose age is tentatively estimated as Mesoarchaean. The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex consists of two (Meso- and Neoarchaean) sequences, which were formed in subduction settings.     

五台山早元古代高压变质作用研究

根据对原五台群北金刚库组变质作用的深入研究，表明它们经历了三期变质作用，即经历了弧陆碰撞导致的初始的构造埋藏变质作用（M1）以及随后深埋到42km深度的峰期高压变质作用（M2）,压力可达0．8－1．4GPa，随后经历了快速抬升所导致的近等温的降压过程（M3）到0．5－0．7GPa，整个过程为顺时针方向演化的P－T轨迹，与造山带型P－T－t轨迹型式相同。     

The Eastern Ghats Belt … A polycyclic granulite terrain

The Eastern Ghats Belt is a polycyclic granulite terrain along the east coast of India whose western boundary is marked by a shear zone along which the granulites are thrusted over the cratonic units of the Indian shield, and its northern margin is marked by the presence of a number of fault-bounded blocks. Recent work has convincingly brought out that there are domains within the belt having different evolutionary histories. The segment south of the Godavari Rift went through a high grade thermo-tectonic event at ∼1.6–1.7 Ga. North of the Godavari Rift in a narrow zone along the western boundary the last high-grade metamorphic event is of late Archaean age. A series of alkaline plutons along the western boundary zone testifies to a rifting episode at ∼1.3–1.5 Ga. In the major part of the EGB the metamorphism is broadly of Grenvillian age, with two major thermo-tectonic pulses at ∼1.1–1.2 Ga and ∼0.95–1.0 Ga. But high grade conditions persisted for a long period and younger thermal events of ∼0.65 Ga to ∼0.80 Ga are locally recorded. There are differences in the tectonometamorphic histories of different domains, but the tectonic significance of these differences remains uncertain. Pan-African (0.50–0.55) thermal overprints are common and become conspicuous along the western boundary zone. The thrusting of the Eastern Ghats granulites in a hot state over the cratons to the west is of Pan-African age. In the Rodinia assembly (∼0.9 Ga) the Eastern Ghats and the Rayner-Napier Complexes of Antarctica were contiguous, but the pre-Rodinia configuration of these terrains remains unclear. At ∼0.8 Ga during the Rodinia break up Greater India rifted apart from East Antarctica, and only later it docked with Australia-East Antarctica at 530–550 Ma. The continuation of the East Antarctic Pan-African orogenic belts into the Eastern Ghats is yet to be ascertained.