河南省寒潮特征分析与中期预报

利用1986－1999年气象资料，分析了河南省寒潮天气的基本特征和主要天气形势。利用欧洲中心数值预报产品3层格点实况资料，采用相关分析方法，分别计算出河南省安阳，洛阳，郑州，西华，信阳各代表站的寒潮消空和预报指标。再以欧洲中心72－144h数值预报产品为因子，用完全预报方法做出河南省3－7天中期寒潮天气过程预报。     

遂宁市寒潮客观预报方法及效果检验分析

利用1981～2018年地面实况资料、高空观测资料、遂宁地区观测站地面气象要素数据以及2013～2018年欧洲中心数值预报产品,采用最小二乘法和MOS法两种方法建立遂宁地区寒潮客观预报方法。结果表明:遂宁地区寒潮客观预报方法能够明显提高欧洲中心温度预报的准确率,并且极大的降低欧洲中心预报寒潮过程的空报率和漏报率,投入实际预报业务以来使用效果较好,准确预报了2018年4月～2019年4月的5次寒潮天气过程,对遂宁地区寒潮和降温天气过程的预报具有较高的指导作用。      

宁夏冬季寒潮天气过程对比分析

利用常规天气资料和数值预报产品,应用天气学分析和诊断方法,结合宁夏冬季寒潮预报指标,对2008～2009年冬季2次寒潮天气从天气实况、环流背景、影响系统、天气成因等方面进行了对比分析.揭示了宁夏冬季2次寒潮天气的主要特点和成因,得到了一些宁夏冬季寒潮预报的指示信息.     

三门峡市秋季寒潮过程预报

利用1957～2000年11月份三门峡市寒潮天气资料及2000年11月1～5日欧洲中心格点资料,分析了产生寒潮的天气形势,选取了预报指标,建立了预报方程.经回代,准确率为76%.     

漯河市秋季强降水预报

利用1996～1998年9～11月份欧洲中心数值预报产品资料和日本传真图资料,根据不同天气类型,建立了漯河市秋季强降水预报方法.     

春秋季寒潮预报技术：欧洲数值预报产品释用

利用叠加的地面至５００ｈＰａ平均温度场的欧洲数值预报图分析了１９８９～１９９７年春季（３～５月）和秋季（９～１１月）的寒潮天气过程,总结出寒潮预报的经验指标。这项工作是对数值预报产品深加工的过程。     

漯河市秋季强降水预报

利用1996～1998年9～11月份欧洲中心数值预报产品资料和日本传真图资料，根据不同天气类型，建立了漯河市秋季强降水预报方法。     

阿勒泰地区寒潮天气特征分析及预报

采用阿勒泰地区7个气象站1961年9月—2006年5月的地面观测资料,筛选出该地区寒潮天气过程,运用统计法,概括了该地区寒潮天气的气候特征。重点分析了该地区1991年9月—2006年5月111个寒潮个例的历史天气图及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、欧洲中心和T213数值预报产品,并对500hPa高度场、850hPa温度场、地面气压场的季节特征及地面积雪深度和云天状况在形成寒潮天气中的作用进行了分析,从而确立了阿勒泰地区寒潮天气的预报指标。运用欧洲中心和T213数值预报产品以及预报员的经验建立了寒潮天气的预报模式,并进行了检验,效果较好,在预报业务中具有重要的参考价值。     

内蒙古初冬两次寒潮天气过程对比分析

文章利用常规天气资料和数值预报产品,对2009年10月31日至11月3日和2009年11月8—17日,在内蒙古自治区大部地区发生的两次寒潮天气过程,进行了分析和诊断,分别从高空强冷平流下沉入侵引起流场变化,导致冷空气爆发,地面配合的系统及冷高压的变化角度上,对这两次寒潮天气过程进行了一些对比分析,结果表明:这两次寒潮天气从类型、影响系统、维持时间以及能够达到寒潮标准的降温影响范围都有所不同。另外,欧洲中心数值预报产品在这两次过程中预报效果较好,说明做好数值预报产品的释用研究,也是提高重大天气预报质量的有效途径之一。     

浅谈用经验指标与数值预报产品相结合制作寒潮天气预报

通过对咸宁市2003年11月8日寒潮天气过程有关气象资料的分析,以及对此次过程预报思路的总结可以发现：此次寒潮天气主要是由于强冷空气东路过境造成的,寒潮出现前期有明显的回暖现象;欧洲中心数值预报产品中的850hPa温度预报对降温幅度和最低气温的预报有很好的指示作用,如将本地经验预报指标与数值预报产品相结合,可大大提高寒潮的预报能力。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.