羌塘中部高压变质带的退变质作用及其构造侵位

羌塘中部的高压变质带主要由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,它们在遭受高压变质作用之后折返,构造侵位于晚古生代展金组地层中,二者以韧性变形带为接触边界.本文以高压变质带中的榴辉岩和韧性变形带为研究对象,讨论了高压变质带折返过程中的退变质作用特征及折返时代.研究表明,榴辉岩在高峰期变质作用之后的折返过程中经历了由榴辉岩相→蓝片岩相→绿帘角闪岩相的退变质作用演化过程;在高压变质带构造侵位过程形成的韧性变形带中,白云母石英片岩的白云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为219±2Ma.高压变质带在219Ma左右构造侵位于展金组地层中,并于214Ma之前最终抬升出露地表.     

北祁连中段高压/低温混杂带——岩石学、地球化学和年代学证据

详细的野外研究结果表明,北祁连中段清水沟-香子沟高压低温变质带中出露的变质岩主要有榴辉岩、蓝片岩、多硅白云母石英片岩、变硅质岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩。地球化学测试结果表明,榴辉岩原岩为大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛拉斑玄武岩;蓝片岩有两种类型,第1种蓝片岩原岩为基性-中基性火山岩,第2种蓝片岩原岩主要形成环境为大洋岛弧和/或大陆岛弧的沉积岩;多硅白云母石英片岩的原岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境;变硅质岩的原岩为形成于远离大陆边缘的沉积环境中的热水成因硅质岩;大理岩原岩为灰岩。榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示其原岩年龄为500±4 Ma,第1种蓝片岩原岩年龄为529±5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素表明,榴辉岩原岩明显受到了古老地壳的影响,基性蓝片岩的原岩源区为亏损地幔,后期没有或者极微弱地受到地壳物质的影响。结合已有研究资料,认为北祁连高压/低温变质带中变质岩的原岩类型具有明显的多样性特征,且原岩时代具有多期性特征。上述研究结果表明,古祁连洋在早古生代向北俯冲过程中,携带了不同性质和时代的岩石进入俯冲带深部,形成高压/低温变质条件下的混杂带,代表了早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的俯冲隧道。     

青藏高原羌塘高压变质带的特征及其构造意义

羌塘高压变质带分布于龙木错-双湖板块缝合带的南侧．西起红脊山．经片石山、蓝岭、角木查尕日、纳若．到双湖以东的才多茶卡,长约500km。向东已经延伸到巴青以北和昌都的吉塘地区,再向南进入滇西与澜沧江蓝片岩带共同构成一条断续延伸近2000km的高压变质带。羌塘高压变质带主要由蓝片岩和榴辉岩构成,蓝闪石片岩中蓝闪石和多硅白云母同位素定年结果为223-215Ma,榴辉岩的变质年龄为243-217Ma。估算蓝片岩的变质温度为410-460℃,变质压力为0．67-0．75GPa：榴辉岩相的变质作用温度不超过5000C,压力为1．56-2．35GPa。羌塘高压变质岩定年研究结果确定龙木错-双湖板块缝合带最终碰撞闭合发生在晚三叠世早期。羌塘高压变质带是冈瓦纳与欧亚大陆汇聚事件的重要记录。     

羌塘中部高压变质带的形成过程

羌塘中部高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,与蛇绿混杂岩、晚古生代浅变质地层岩片等共同构成了龙木错-双湖板块缝合带这一构造混杂岩带,是伴随古特提斯洋闭合的深俯冲作用及后期构造作用的产物。通过对其野外地质特征、不同岩石类型岩石学、矿物学以及同位素年代学等的研究,确认榴辉岩和石榴石白云母片岩在早期分别经历了各自的形成过程,在榴辉岩形成之后的折返过程中二者共同构成了高压变质带,并且在折返过程中榴辉岩发生蓝片岩相退变质作用,同时导致了带内蓝片岩的形成。同位素年代学研究结果表明,龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合过程中的榴辉岩相变质作用发生于240Ma左右,折返过程中的蓝片岩相退变质作用及蓝片岩的形成应在220～200Ma,高压变质带最终在214Ma之前抬升出露地表。     

北阿尔金HP/LT蓝片岩和榴辉岩的Ar-Ar年代学及其区域构造意义

在北阿尔金的红柳泉一带,新识别出蓝片岩和榴辉岩的出露。它们与泥质片岩、钙质片岩和石英片岩等一起构成HP/LT变质带,与相邻的蛇绿混杂岩呈断层接触。根据估算的温度和压力显示榴辉岩形成的峰期温压条件为T=430～540℃,P=2.0～2.3GPa。分别对榴辉岩和蓝片岩中的多硅白云母和钠云母进行39Ar-40Ar年代学测定,获得榴辉岩中多硅白云母的坪年龄为(512±3)Ma,等时线年龄为(513±5)Ma;蓝片岩中钠云母的坪年龄为(491±3)Ma,等时线年龄为(497±10)Ma。这些年龄资料显示北阿尔金HP/LT变质带形成时代可能早于北祁连HP/LT变质带,反映了北阿尔金—北祁连早古生代洋壳俯冲存在穿时性。     

藏北羌塘中部高压变质带中石榴子石白云母片岩的岩石学和变质特征

羌塘中部的高压变质带位于龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带之上,由榴辉岩、蓝片岩和石榴子石白云母片岩组成,其形成过程对探讨板块缝合带的构造演化具有重要意义。以其中的石榴子石白云母片岩为研究对象,通过岩相学研究并结合电子探针成分分析,认为石榴子石白云母片岩中的石榴子石具有多期次变质结晶的特征,保留了岩石多期次变质的信息。结合岩石组构特征,最终确定石榴子石白云母片岩至少经历了3期次的变质作用。第一、二期均为绿片岩相,当时岩石不具定向构造且未达到高压;第三期为低温高压蓝片岩相变质作用,与区域上蓝片岩的形成及榴辉岩的蓝片岩相退变质作用大体同时,该期变质变形作用形成了岩石的片理,最终成为石榴子石白云母片岩,变质作用时代为218Ma左右。     

中国中部前寒武纪高压变质带退变质作用的PTt轨迹

本文采用变质作用与变质岩在各种构造环境中PTt轨迹相结合的研究方法,探讨我国中部大别山地区高压变质岩的退变质作用。 1.区域地质概况:安徽前寒武纪高压变质带由榴辉岩、自片岩和蓝片岩带组成,它们具     

西南天山高压-超高压变质岩的原岩判别

西天山高压-超高压变质带沿中天山南缘缝合带近东西向展布约200 km,南北最宽达30 km,构成一增生楔[1,2]。在对该高压-超高压变质带进行研究,不断发现新的榴辉岩体和蓝片岩体[3]。超高压变质岩原岩的构造环境判别,对于经历深俯冲折返的变质岩具有重要限制意义。通过对西南天山榴辉岩、蓝片岩样品进行岩石学、主微量元素检测和构造投图分析。研究表明榴辉岩和蓝片岩有着不同的原岩性质:榴辉岩原岩为E-MORB和N-MORB两类,而蓝片岩原岩介于E-MORB与OIB。西南天山的高压-超高压岩石形成于近岛弧的海洋环境中。     

大别—苏北—胶东含柯石英榴辉岩中微粒金刚石及自然金的发现

华中高压变质带位于华北板块与扬子板块的边界部位,西起川甘陕边境,东至胶东半岛,连续延伸约2500公里.这条高压变质带主要由蓝片岩、白片岩和榴辉岩三条相互平行展布的岩带组成,三者在空间上紧密共生,形成时代基本相同,具有三位一体的特     

Ages of peak HP-UHP metamorphism of eclogites from Chinese southwestern Tianshan: Evidence from Lu-Hf geochronologySCIEI北大核心CSCD

新疆西南天山蓝片岩-榴辉岩带是全球少有的几个经历超高压变质作用的洋壳俯冲带之一,近年来的同位素年代学研究表明其变质作用主要发生于石炭纪。然而,该蓝片岩-榴辉岩带峰期变质作用,特别是超高压变质作用的时代还未精确限定。本文选取来自该带的典型钠云母黝帘石榴辉岩(样品211-3和H76-10),在详细的岩石学和相平衡研究基础上,开展了Lu-Hf同位素年代学研究,以期获得其峰期变质作用时代。相平衡模拟结果表明两榴辉岩中石榴石均记录了升温降压型折返P-T(温度-压力)轨迹。其中,样品211-3经历了超高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~540℃、~2.9GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为326.9±1.3Ma;样品H76-10仅经历了高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~490℃、~2.4GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为306±11Ma。结合前人年代学数据,获得新疆西南天山超高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为327~326Ma,高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为316-306Ma。本文获得的超高压变质作用确切年龄326.9±1.3Ma,对于揭示古南天山洋深俯冲和闭合的时间具有重要意义。     

祁漫塔格韧性剪切带中绢云母40Ar-39Ar定年及地质意义

祁漫塔格韧性剪切带是祁漫塔格蛇绿混杂岩带与北昆仑岩浆弧的区域主构造边界,对剪切带内花岗质糜棱岩中绢云母40Ar-39 Ar法年龄测定,获得了(271.1±2.2) Ma的坪年龄,相应的36Ar/40 Ar-39 Ar/40 Ar反等时线年龄为(270.5±3.7)Ma (MSWD=2.7),39Ar/36 Ar-40 Ar/35 Ar正等时线年龄为(270.9±4.7) Ma (MSWD=0.22);坪年龄(271.1±2.2) Ma接近于绢云母矿物的形成年龄,也代表了祁漫塔格韧性剪切带的形成年龄.通过韧性剪切变形带内运动学特征的研究,表明剪切带具有右旋斜冲的性质.祁漫塔格韧性剪切带的形成与古特提斯洋的俯冲作用有关,是古特提斯洋向北俯冲造山过程的远程效应.     

延边海沟金矿床石英流体包裹体激光探针40Ar/39Ar测年与成矿背景

海沟金矿为一大型贫硫化物石英脉型金矿床,长期以来其形成时代一直存在争议,致使矿床成因研究受到较大影响,成矿预测等方面研究进展缓慢。采用石英流体包裹体的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar激光探针定年法对该金矿床进行了精细的年代学测定,获得主成矿阶段石英流体包裹体的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar正、反等时线年龄分别为（170±20） Ma和（172±16） Ma,MSWD分别为0.31和0.35,⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为298±4和299±4;进一步剔除接近大气的成分点和过剩氩高的成分点,计算获得等时线年龄为（170±38） Ma（⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar Int.=299±10）和（165±52） Ma（⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar Int.=303±23）。结合已有同位素年代学研究成果,进一步明确了海沟金矿床主成矿期发生在早侏罗世晚期,成矿作用与中生代库拉板块向亚洲板块俯冲、特别是由此引发的华北板块东缘与兴蒙造山带东段的强烈拼贴并诱发的岩石圈加厚、减薄作用密切相关。     

Tectonothermal chronology within a blueschist-eclogite complex, west-central Spitsbergen, Svalbard: Evidence from Ar/Ar and Rb---Sr mineral ages

A high-pressure, relatively low-temperature metamorphic complex is exposed at Motalafjella, Spitsbergen. White mica concentrates from the complex record variably discordant ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra in which apparent ages systematically increase throughout low-temperature portions of the analyses and define intermediate- and high-temperature plateaux. Phengitic concentrates record plateau ages of c. 470 Ma whereas paragonitic concentrates yield c. 460 Ma plateaux. These ages are interpreted to date diachronous cooling through different argon closure temperatures following the high-pressure metamorphism. The slight discordance displayed in low-temperature portions of the experiments is interpreted to reflect a partial rejuvenation of intracrystalline argon systems during an c. 400–425 Ma thermal overprint associated with late Caledonian tectonothermal activity. White mica concentrates and associated whole-rocks yield Rb---Sr mineral + whole-rock ages from 457 ± 11 Ma to 474 ± 11 Ma. These are interpreted to date post-metamorphic cooling through Sr blocking temperatures. Because similar ages are recorded by both K---Ar and Rb---Sr isotopic systems, relatively rapid post-metamorphic cooling is implied. This and relatively rapid depressurization during uplift indicate that the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and Rb---Sr mineral ages likely closely date the peak metamorphism.

The high pressure complex is unconformably overlain by variably cleaved, Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian flysch which was deformed into regional recumbent folds prior to deposition of unconformably overlying Early Devonian molasse. Two penetratively cleaved slate samples display internally discordant ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar whole-rock age spectra with ages increasing from c. 100 Ma to c. 470 Ma. The spectral discordance is interpreted to reflect the combined effects of: (1) a polymineralic character: (2) a detrital source similar in age to the Motalafjella complex; and (3) a partial, post-Paleozoic thermal rejuvenation of the detrital mica argon systems. No thermal overprint associated with Late Silurian cleavage formation appears to be recorded. This agrees with textural characteristics which suggest that the cleavage largely developed through pressure-solution assisted, grain-boundary sliding.     

辽宁阜新排山楼金矿的40Ar/39Ar成矿年龄

排山楼大型金矿床产于辽西高级变质太古宙花岗岩-绿岩带中,受绿岩中、上部层位的基性-中酸性火山岩系和东西向韧性剪切带控制。容矿岩石主要是变质安山质-英安质火山岩类。为解决主矿体的形成时代,选取含金石英细脉浸染状矿石中的石英测定了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄为2105.2±10.4Ma。谱线特征为马鞍型,其底坪年龄为石英的结晶年龄。由此提出排山楼金矿的成因主要与吕梁期的东西向韧性剪切带有关。     

Reconsideration of the age of blueschist facies metamorphism on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, based on phengite 40Ar/39Ar results

Abstract ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step-heating and single-grain laser fusion ages from phengites from the polydeformed and polymetamorphosed blueschist-greenschist facies Nome Group fall into two groups. Samples from the upper part of the structural section that have experienced a relatively weak metamorphic and deformational post-blueschist facies overprint and one sample from the Cape Nome orthogneiss yield plateau ages of 116-125 Ma. More intensely overprinted samples yield hump-shaped spectra with minimum ages of 123 Ma and maximum ages of 334 Ma. Samples with hump-shaped spectra are derived from a greater structural depth than most samples with plateau ages. Unreasonably old maximum ages from some of the disturbed spectra suggest that the hump-shaped spectra result from the incorporation of excess ⁴⁰Ar. This interpretation conflicts with previous interpretations of similarly disturbed spectra from the Brooks Range, which have been argued to provide minimum ages for blueschist facies metamorphism. Since the maximum temperatures achieved by all samples were probably above the blocking temperature of Ar in phengite, the 116-125 Ma plateau ages are a minimum age for blueschist facies metamorphism on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska.     

大庙斜长岩同位素地质年龄、稀土地球化学及其地质意义

大庙斜长岩的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄测定呈现出一条典型的马鞍型年龄谱,在中温阶段有二个明显的坪年龄1656±15 Ma和1029±7 Ma,结合其构造位置和全球斜长岩分布来看,它们分别代表了侵位年龄和后期热扰动的时代。密云奥长环斑花岗岩中角闪石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为1716±21 Ma。两者时空上密切相关,代表了裂谷作用初期非造山环境中双模式岩浆作用产物。斜长岩类和苏长岩之间稀土配分模式的相似性表明,它们明显为同一成因的岩浆分异系列的产物。     

Very fast exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks with excess Ar and inherited Sr, Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain

In order to attempt to further constrain the age of the early Alpine tectonic evolution of the Mulhacén Complex and to explore the influence of inherited isotopes, micas from a small number of well-characterised rocks from the Sierra de los Filábres, with a penetrative tectonic fabric related to the exhumation of eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks, were selected for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and Rb–Sr dating.

A single phengite grain from an amphibolite yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser step heating plateau age of 86.9±1.2 Ma (2σ; 70% ³⁹Ar released) and an inverse isochron age of 86.2±2.4 Ma with an ³⁶Ar/⁴⁰Ar intercept within error of the atmospheric value. Induction furnace step heating of a biotite separate from a gabbro relic in an eclogite yielded a weighted mean age of 173.2±6.3 Ma (2σ; 95% ³⁹Ar released). These ages are diagnostic of excess argon (⁴⁰Ar_XS) incorporation, as they are older than independent age estimates for the timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism and intrusion of the gabbros. ⁴⁰Ar_XS incorporation probably resulted from restricted fluid mobility in the magmatic rocks during their metamorphic recrystallisation.

Rb–Sr whole-rock–phengite ages of graphite-bearing mica schists from Paleozoic rocks (Secano unit) show a dramatic variation (66.1±3.2, 40.6±2.6 and 14.1±2.2 Ma). An albite chlorite mica schist from the Mesozoic series of the Nevado–Lubrín unit has a whole-rock–mica–albite age of 17.2±1.9 Ma, which is within error of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age published previously and of the youngest Rb–Sr age of the Paleozoic series obtained in this study. The significant spread in Rb–Sr ages implies that progressive partial resetting of an older isotopic system has occurred. The microstructure of the samples with pre-Miocene Rb–Sr ages reveals incomplete recrystallisation of white mica and inhibited grain growth due to the presence of graphite particles. This interpretation agrees with previously published, disturbed and slightly dome-shaped ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra that may point similarly to the presence of an older isotope component. The progressively reset Rb–Sr system is a relic of Variscan metamorphism of the Paleozoic series of the Mulhacén Complex. In contrast, the origin of the ca. 17.2 Ma old sample from the Mesozoic series precludes any isotopic inheritance, in agreement with its pervasive tectono-metamorphic recrystallisation during the Miocene.

Exhumation of the eclogite-facies Mulhacén Complex occurred in two stages with contrasting rates of about 22.5 mm/year during the early phase and 9–10 mm/year during the late phase; the latter with a cooling rate in the order of 330 °C/Ma.     

高压-超高压变质岩外来40Ar成因探讨

高压—超高压变质带是地球上重要的地质单元,特殊的形成环境使该类变质岩的矿物中常因含有外来⁴⁰Ar而⁴⁰Ar／³⁹Ar年龄偏老,制约了⁴⁰Ar／³⁹Ar年代学在此类岩石中的应用。本文探讨了氩在不同相中的溶解度与分配系数的差异,并着重论述了扩散参数与压力的关系及压力对岩体封闭性的影响,系统总结了高压-超高压变质矿物中外来⁴⁰Ar的形成机制。此外,随Fe/Mg、Si/Al、K等组分不同,氩在矿物中保存能力的某种规律性变化、离子孔隙度研究等也从理论上为研究氩的扩散和封闭行为提供了新的视角。在高压—超高压变质过程中多种因素共同作用,氩在这类矿物中的扩散更为复杂。对外来⁴⁰Ar形成机制的探讨对揭示高压—超高压变质结晶环境、岩体开放与否、不同矿物对氩保存能力等有重要的指示意义。     

Ar/Ar dating of Apollo 12 regolith: Implications for the age of Copernicus and the source of nonmare materials

Twenty-one 2–4 mm rock samples from the Apollo 12 regolith were analyzed by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological technique in order to further constrain the age and source of nonmare materials at the Apollo 12 site. Among the samples analyzed are: 2 felsites, 11 KREEP breccias, 4 mare-basalt-bearing KREEP breccias, 2 alkali anorthosites, 1 olivine-bearing impact-melt breccia, and 1 high-Th mare basalt. Most samples show some degree of degassing at 700–800 Ma, with minimum formation ages that range from 1.0 to 3.1 Ga. We estimate that this degassing event occurred at 782 ± 21 Ma and may have been caused by the Copernicus impact event, either by providing degassed material or by causing heating at the Apollo 12 site. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of two alkali anorthosite clasts yielded ages of 3.256 ± 0.022 Ga and 3.107 ± 0.058 Ga. We interpret these ages as the crystallization age of the rock and they represent the youngest age so far determined for a lunar anorthosite. The origin of these alkali anorthosite fragments is probably related to differentiation of shallow intrusives. Later impacts could have dispersed this material by lateral mixing or vertical mixing.     

Ar–Ar age determinations of eclogitic clinopyroxene and garnet inclusions in diamonds from the Venetia and Orapa kimberlites

Ar–Ar age measurements are reported for selected eclogitic clinopyroxene and garnet inclusions in Orapa diamonds and clinopyroxene inclusions in Venetia diamonds. Laser drilling of encapsulated clinopyroxene inclusions within Venetia diamonds released a maximum of 3% of the total ⁴⁰Ar, indicating little diffusive transfer and storage of radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar at the diamond–inclusion boundary. Apparent ages obtained during stepped heating of three diamonds are consistent with diamond crystallisation occurring just prior to the kimberlite eruption 520 Ma ago. Stepped heating of three clinopyroxene-bearing Orapa diamonds gave ages of 906–1032 Ma, significantly above the eruption age, but consistent with previously determined isotopic ages. A few higher apparent ages hint at the presence an older generation of Orapa diamonds that formed >2500 Ma ago. Orapa garnets also contain measurable K contents, and record a range of ages between 1000 and 2500 Ma. The old apparent ages and lack of significant interface ⁴⁰Ar released by the laser probe, suggests that pre-eruption radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar and mantle-derived ⁴⁰Ar components are trapped in microinclusions within the pyroxene and garnet inclusions.