表生水条件下毒砂溶解作用动力学实验研究

毒砂氧化溶解和释放的砷将对周围水体造成污染.本文用混合流流动反应器研究了毒砂在温度为15、25、35和45℃的FeCl3酸性地表水作用下的氧化溶解过程.结果显示在温度为15～35℃内,毒砂的氧化随FeCl3溶液浓度增加和反应温度升高而加速,而45℃时毒砂的反应速率反而降低;毒砂在与氧化剂FeCl3酸性溶液(浓度小于1×10-4 mol·     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物储层岩石热物性实验研究

采用扫描电镜测试了祁连山冻土区天然气水合物储层泥岩和砂岩微观结构。在显微镜下观察到,泥岩由微小均匀的片状多边形块体构成,这种微观结构使得泥岩中水合物以浸染状赋存;而砂岩内部存在分散状孔隙,砂岩中水合物为孔隙赋存。采用瞬变平面热源法测试了含甲烷水合物储层岩石的导热系数和热扩散率。在温度为-941~941 ℃时,干泥岩导热系数为0577~0853 W·m-1·K-1,含甲烷水合物储层泥岩导热系数为0704~1050 W·m-1·K-1。在温度为-811~928 ℃时,干砂岩导热系数为0828~1271 W·m-1·K-1,含甲烷水合物储层砂岩导热系数为3850~4555 W·m-1·K-1。在温度为-941~941 ℃时,干泥岩热扩散率为0712~0894 mm2·s-1,含甲烷水合物储层泥岩热扩散率为0792~1006 mm2·s-1,干砂岩热扩散率为1198~1674 mm2·s-1,含甲烷水合物储层砂岩热扩散率为1403~1769 mm2·s-1。测试数据表明,对于孔隙型水合物,测定导热系数是一种较好的辨识水合物存在的辅助手段。     

平运下举珍珠岩最佳膨胀条件实验研究

粤东平远下举珍珠岩矿原矿最佳膨胀条件为预热时间１０ｍｉｎ，预热温度３００℃，膨胀时间５ｓ，膨胀温度１２００℃，在此膨胀条件下举珍珠岩的实验室最大膨胀倍数为６．３３倍，是一种优质的轻质建筑材料     

慕士塔格冰川海拔7 000 m处冰芯钻孔温度

慕士塔格冰川海拔7 010 m处的冰芯钻孔温度的观测结果表明, 该处冰温变化曲线在夏末依然呈暖季型, 其冰层的整体温度(-26.17～-25.63 ℃)和最低温度(-26.17 ℃)是目前中低纬度山地冰川中最低的, 而底部冰床温度(-25.73 ℃)则是目前所有实测冰床温度资料中最低的. 在积累区, 海拔6 250～7 010 m之间冰层温度的高度效应显著. 10 m深处的温度, 冰层的最低温度和底部冰床温度随海拔而垂直变化的梯度分别为-0.83 ℃·100 m-1, -0.68 ℃·100 m-1, -0.79 ℃·100 m-1, 与气温正常的垂直变化梯度大致相当.     

钾膨胀石墨层间化合物(K-EGIC_S)的电阻率测量

在低温惰性条件下合成的钾膨胀石墨层间化合物 (K_EGICS)的电学性能与膨胀石墨的电学性能完全相反 ,随着温度的升高 ,K_EGICS 的电阻率逐渐升高 ,电导率逐渐降低。这一现象是由客体材料钾自身的结构及其与膨胀石墨化合时的键性决定的。     

矿物组合基太阳能储热材料的制备与性能调控

通过利用非金属矿物的储热特征装载相变功能体制备矿物基复合相变材料是高效太阳能储热材料低成本制备的重要研究方向[1]。但非金属矿物存在导热性能差的问题,因此,一些高导热材料被添加至矿物基复合相变材料,提高材料的导热系数。Sar?和Karaipekli[2]采用膨胀珍珠岩稳定月桂酸制备珍珠岩基太阳能储热材料。为了提高其导热系数,通过加入膨胀石墨至复合物中,导热系数由0.07 W·m-1·K-1提升至0.13W·m-1·K-1。但是,加入膨胀石墨后,复合材料的储热容量降低了7%,这个现象同样出现他们有关的研究工作中[3-4]。因此,必须研究更有效的策略解决这个问题,也就是说,当提升复合材料的导热系数的同时,须兼顾提升其储热容量。本文以膨润土(bentonite,B)和石墨(graphite,G)为原料,通过简单组合和微波酸强化组合方式合成了GB和GBm两种支撑基体,再通过真空浸渍法装载硬脂酸(SA),制备了SA/GB和SA/GBm两种矿物组合基太阳能储热材料。采用FTIR、AFM、SEM等手段研究了材料微结构;制备的SA/GBm的储热容量和导热系数比SA/GB的分别提高了62%和31%。     

利用膨胀珍珠岩制备外墙保温板的实验

以我国河南信阳膨胀珍珠岩为主要轻质骨料,分别采用以碱激发沸石为胶凝材料并通过养护和以碱激发凝灰岩、沸石及硅藻土的混合料为胶凝材料,并通过烧结两种方法制备膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板。在第一种制备方法中,研究了水玻璃模数、膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料、养护制度和成型压力对膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板性能的影响;在第二种制备方法中,研究了膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料、成型压力、烧结温度和时间、膨胀珍珠岩的粒级配比对膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板性能的影响。结果表明,第一种制备方法的优化条件为:水玻璃模数=1.0、膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料=1.50~1.75、养护温度=80℃、养护时间=24 h、成型压力=0.375 MPa,此条件下制备的膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的性能为:体积密度=286 kg/m3、抗压强度=0.49 MPa、抗折强度=0.25N/mm2、导热系数=0.073 W/(m·℃)。达到了GB/T 10303-2001 350号并且接近250号合格品的各项指标。第二种制备方法的优化条件为:膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料=1.613、压缩比=2、烧结温度=600℃、保温时间=0.5h、1.25~2.5 mm膨胀珍珠岩:0.50~1.25 mm膨胀珍珠岩=7.5:2.5。此条件下制备的膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的性能为:密度=236 kg/m3,导热系数=0.068 W/(m·℃),抗压强度=0.61 MPa。达到了GB/T 10303-2001 250号优级品的各项指标。以有机硅为防水剂,采用浸泡法进行了膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的防水实验。当样品浸入浓度为1/60的防水剂溶液中10 min,膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的吸水率最小,质量吸水率为17.13%,体积吸水率为4.28%。     

新疆尉犁蛭石高温膨胀试验研究

通过原料物相组成、原料粒度及煅烧温度对新疆尉犁蛭石膨胀性能的影响研究。结果表明:新疆尉犁蛭石主要物相为蛭石、金云母、蛭石-云母混层矿物和方解石;蛭石与蛭石混层矿物含量越高蛭石膨胀倍越大,并主要受蛭石混层矿物含量的影响;在一定范围内蛭石膨胀倍随粒度增大而增大,当原料粒度超过2 mm时,其膨胀倍随粒度的增加而较小;蛭石膨胀倍随煅烧温度上升而迅速增加,但煅烧温度超过700℃时,其膨胀倍不再增加。     

含碳粉末触媒的制备及其金刚石合成研究

采用快速急冷工艺制备含碳粉末触媒,并以此触媒为原料,在国产DS6×800A型铰链式六面顶压机上进行金刚石合成实验;实验结果表明:在高速冷却条件下(冷速为104℃/s～106℃/s),大量石墨碳被固溶在触媒材料内部,固溶在触媒材料内部的石墨碳形态有球形、长条形及其它不规则形状;固溶石墨碳的存在有利于石墨碳源在高温高压金刚石合成过程中的溶解与传输,从而,缩短了触媒溶剂中溶解碳达到过饱和的时间,提高了金刚石的形核率和合成单产。     

聚噻吩插层有机蒙脱土导电复合材料的制备及其修饰

实验采用Fe~(3+)-H_2O_2催化氧化体系,以水为介质,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)为乳化剂,室温下制备聚噻吩(PTP)有机蒙脱土(OMMT)复合材料。当有机蒙脱土/聚噻吩=2g/ml时,反应时间为12 h,制得复合材料电导率最高,其值为3.44×10~(-5)S/cm;在Fe~(3+)-H_2O_2和过硫酸铵(APS)两种氧化体系下,分别采用苯胺(ANI)和吡咯(PY)对聚噻吩-有机蒙脱土进行修饰,制得聚苯胺-(聚噻吩-有机蒙脱土)和聚吡咯-(聚噻吩-有机蒙脱土)复合材料的电导率均达到10~(-2)S/cm~10~(-1)S/cm,较未修饰时提高了10~3倍~10~4倍。傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表明噻吩(TP)进入有机蒙脱土层间聚合,形成插层复合,经苯胺和吡咯修饰后,插层结构没有被破坏;重分析(TG)则证实复合后材料热稳定性得到提高,500℃时失重在11.69%左右,但经修饰后材料的热稳定性有所降低500℃时失重达到80%以上。扫描电镜(SEM)表明在Fe~(3+)-H_2O_2氧化体系下,经修饰后材料形貌更规整,且均为球形。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an