福州地震台电磁辐射观测资料映震效能分析

利用福州地震台电磁辐射1999年以来观测资料,研究福建省内4级以上地震,中国台湾6级以上地震电磁辐射接收的异常信息,找出震前有震异常次数及有震无异常次数,从而得出福州电磁辐射观测资料的映震效能。     

电磁辐射与地震关系的研究

用辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯地震台电磁辐射数字化观测资料,分析ML3．5以上地震前电磁辐射的变化,结果表明,3．5≤ML≤4．9、ML≥5．0地震前电磁辐射异常信息量、异常起始时间及持续时间与震中距、震级有关。     

崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7.5 级强震

2002 年3 月31 日14 时52 分在台湾以东海中发生7.5 级强地震, 地震发生前后上海市地震局崇明地震台电磁波仪器记录到了一系列强烈电磁辐射异常信息, 其中震前最早的信息出现在24 天前, 最迟的信息出现在震前5 小时且幅度最大。主震发生前电磁辐射异常信号的振荡幅度随着主震临近而增大, 主震发生后又降了下来。余震期间的电磁辐射异常信息也十分丰富。文中探讨了这些电磁辐射异常信号与强震之间的关系, 结合多种震例的记录认为这类震前电磁辐射异常信号可作为临震前的一种信息。为认识和丰富震前电磁辐射前兆异常的现象与研究增加了新的内容。     

低频电磁辐射仪地震前的观测资料分析

例举了杭州地震台投入超低频数字地震电磁辐射仪（EMAOS-L）以来的两组临震前电磁辐射观测异常资料现象,并对观测资料进行了分析和探讨。     

震前电磁辐射异常与地震关系研究

自1976年唐山地震后开展电磁辐射观测以来，至今在全国已建立了130个观测台站，观测频段已由初期的全频段观测改进为0.01－20 Hz左右的超低频和几千赫至几十千赫的点频观测，从而减少了干扰提高了资料可信度．观测仪器主要有5种．对收集的40余次5级以上地震进行了统计分析，结果表明，5.0MS5.9异常距离为500 km，6.0MS6.9为1 000 km，MS7.0则异常距离可大于1 000 km；震前电磁辐射异常时间差别很大，大部分为2小时至45天，少数仅几分钟；绝大多数地震震时没有观测到电磁辐射现象；震前电磁辐射信号是不连续的、阵发性的，其发展过程是由弱－强－弱－平静－发生地震或多次反复上述过程．异常信息时间愈长、幅度愈大、则地震亦愈大．异常信息是频率低的出现早，频率高的出现晚．      

青海平安电磁辐射在中强震前短期前兆异常特征及预报效能研究

分析和整理了青海平安电磁辐射台自1993年7月以来的资料，发现震前平安单台电磁辐射在中强地震临震前有最大脉冲信号，并通过对无震异常，地震异常的分析判断，对其预报效能进行了R值评价。     

南黄海Ms6.1地震电磁辐射特征

介绍了长江三角洲观测台网记录到的南黄海６．１级地震电磁辐射异常，并结合１９７９年淋阳Ｍｓ６．０、１９８４年南黄海Ｍｓ６．２地震前的电磁辐射观测资料有为内其它资料，分析了异常的主要特征。初步讨论了ＤＰＪ型电磁辐射观测仪的甚低频低及ＵＬＦ型地震电磁信息观测仪的超低频段天线方向特性对震中预测的意义问题。     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震前电磁前兆短期异常特征及时空演化

研究了8．1级地震前的电磁异常特征及时空演化,认为：震前格尔木地磁台地磁存在显异常,电磁辐射、地电阻率也存在异常,电磁异常在时间进程上具有一定的阶段性和层次性。     

怀来台震前超低频电场与地震关系研究

用河北省怀来电磁辐射观测台连续１１年观测资料,分析了张北－尚义６．２级地震前超低频电场资料的变化,研究了３００ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ５．０以上地震和２００ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ４．０以上地震前记录的超低频电场的变化。结果表明,异常信息量、异常起始时间及持续时间与震中距、震级有关,异常信息在地震发生前达最大值。     

河南安阳台电磁辐射异常与中强地震的关系初探

分析了河南安阳测震台用ＤＣ－Ⅱ型电磁辐射异常监测仪记录的地震电磁辐射异常曲线的特征,指出,用异常幅度和异常持续时间相结合的方法可突出地震前兆异常,用震例说明,电磁异常对中强地震的短临预报有一定的意义。     

江西省地震局虚拟专用网(VPN)建设

叙述了在FreeBSD环境下构建基于PPTP的VPN网关的过程和技术，分析了基本概念、实现方式以及在江西省地震信息网的实际应用等。     

Methods of Investigation of the Metabolism of Anaerobic Microorganisms

At present the development together with an intensification of anaerobic processes calls for methods of observation and control. It is very important to know intermediate metabolites of anaerobic microorganisms and the activity of methanogenic ones. Presented analytical methods are GLC analyses of lower fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and components of biogas. The chromatography using steam as a mobile phase is also mentioned. The method of determining the fluorescent coenzyme F₄₂₀ was tested and modified. This coenzyme is specific for methanogenic microorganisms and is closely linked with their activity. The determination of the total activity of the hydrogenase system of anaerobic microorganisms by means of the rate of the consumption and evolution of molecular hydrogen was also presented. The applicability and effectivenes of these methods were verified on natural samples. All the methods mentioned above give satisfactory results with available equipment, materials and techniques.     

Evaluation of Negative Economic-Environmental Externalities of Overextraction of Groundwater

In recent decades, increased extraction of groundwater for human and agriculture consumption has led to a substantial drop in groundwater level in large areas of across the world. Declining groundwater levels is a serious problem in itself and has multiple economic, social, cultural, political, security-related, and environmental externalities. The negative economic-environmental externalities of overextraction of groundwater in the Orzouiyeh plain in the Kerman Province, Iran, were evaluated using methods such as replacement cost, production function, market prices, shadow price, and the value of the input marginal product. After evaluating externalities, the Positive Mathematical Programming method was used to evaluate different water policies to reduce the consumption of groundwater. The total economic losses due to the externalities were calculated to equal 2.8 U.S. million dollars. The damages caused by environmental externalities were calculated to equal 436.1 U.S. million dollars. The results related to the positive planning model show that the best policy among different options, such as deficit irrigation policy or combined policies, involves implementation of pressurized irrigation systems.     

山西大同数字遥测地震台网记录的震相特征

从地球及地壳的分层结构出发，使用较成熟的理论，从地震波传播的基本原理入手，结合多年的震相观察分析工作实践，选取了山西大同数字遥测地震台网近年来的一些典型震相进行了分析，得出本台网记录到震中距小于100km的地方震震相有Pg，P11，Sg，S11震中距在100km～500km的近震震相有Pn，Pg，P11，Sn，Sg,S11对比分析了在本台网内及周边地区发生的爆破与天然地震在震相上的差异性，并对其特征作了较详细的描述。     

兰州地震研究所发展的三段历史回顾

对兰州地震研究所的三段历史作回顾,分别为国家地震局、中国地震局兰州地震研究所的体制沿革变迁,中国科学院地球物理研究所;中国科学院兰州地球物理研究所观象台早期创建;兰州地震研究所硕士点早期阶段。     

Estimate of the effect of changes of atmospheric pressure on the results of levelling

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Correction of twilight measurements of influence of night sky

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -