密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法测定花岗伟晶岩中32种微量元素

花岗伟晶岩富集锂铍铷铯铌钽等稀有金属元素,准确测定其中的大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土等微量元素,可用于判断成矿流体物质来源、成岩构造环境。目前的测试方法研究主要集中在锂铍铷铯铌钽等少数元素,样品消解方法有四酸敞开法、五酸敞开法、密闭酸溶法等,存在难溶矿物分解不完全、锆铪钍铀和稀土等元素回收率偏低等问题。本文对比了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸敞开消解法、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸敞开消解法、硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法三种方法的分解效果。结果表明：四酸消解法中,铌钽锆铪钨和重稀土元素结果严重偏低;五酸消解法由于采用硫酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系提取,有效地防止了铌钽的水解,铌钽钨等元素测定结果准确,但锆铪钡铅和轻稀土元素测定结果偏低。硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法使用王水代替硝酸进行残渣复溶,促进了铌钽锆铪和稀土等元素的复溶,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)可以准确测定花岗伟晶岩中稀有金属、稀土元素等32种元素,方法检出限为0.004～2.50μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.0%～8.3%。将该方法应用于8种花岗岩、伟晶岩及稀有金属矿标准物质和三种类型实际样品...     

四种酸体系对微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体废物中16种金属元素含量的影响

微波酸溶消解方法是测定固体废物中金属元素最主要的前处理方法,消解时使用不同的酸体系对测定结果有较大的影响。本文以国家土壤标准样品、固体废物标准样品和固体废物实际样品为材料,比较了在硝酸-盐酸、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-盐酸-双氧水、硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-双氧水4种酸体系下,16种金属元素测定结果的差异以及在硝酸-盐酸和硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-双氧水酸体系下各元素的精密度和准确度。研究表明:一些土壤基体中加入氢氟酸能使Mo和Sb的回收率提高40%左右,固体废物样品中只有Sb的回收率能提高33%~50%。对于含氢氟酸的酸消解体系,改变硝酸和盐酸的比例,其测定结果没有明显差异;对于元素含量相差悬殊的铬渣样品,由于空间电荷效应,高浓度的Cr对V的测定有抑制作用。从方法的准确度和精密度来看,硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-双氧水的消解效果最好。     

五酸和硝酸微波消解法结合ICP-OES技术测定多金属矿中多种元素的对比研究

快速、准确测定多金属矿中的主次量元素需要根据多金属矿的具体类型选择不同的预处理方法。本文采集我国典型区域的铅锌、锡、钼、钒和铜镍等5种多金属矿,对比了盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸-硫酸五酸微波消解和硝酸微波消解的溶样效果,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定铜铅锌锡钨钼锰钛钒9种元素。通过国家标准物质分析验证,五酸微波消解的溶样时间较长,但一次可测定铜铅锌钼锰钒6种元素;硝酸微波消解的溶样时间短,但一次只能测定铜铅锌钼4种元素;两种方法的准确度和精密度高(RSD5%),检出限低(5.3~30 mg/kg),均适合在地质行业推广应用。而由于锡钨钛3种元素不能完全被酸溶解,上述两种消解方法均不适合。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铝土矿样品中镓三种前处理方法的比较

采用四酸(盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸)溶矿、三酸(氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸)溶矿及氢氧化钠碱熔法3种前处理方法对铝土矿样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中的镓。结果表明,四酸溶矿法的分解产物中存在较多的不溶物,镓与盐酸生成GaCl3导致挥损,镓的测定结果严重偏低;三酸溶矿法的分解产物中也存在较多的不溶物,导致测定结果严重偏低;氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿样品,酸化后所得溶液清澈透明,由于大量NaCl的存在,镓不会挥损,测定值准确度高。采用氢氧化钠碱熔,盐酸酸化提取,ICP-AES法测定镓的准确度高,精密度好,方法检出限为3.21μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%。经国家一级和二级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铝土矿中镓——酸溶和碱熔预处理方法比较

研究了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸酸溶和氢氧化钠碱熔两种测定铝土矿石样品中镓的前处理方法,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测定。对熔矿试剂及条件、分析谱线的选择和元素的干扰进行了讨论,采用不同含量的铝土矿石国家标准物质样品进行了条件实验。分析结果表明:采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,会导致铝土矿石样品溶解不完全,得到的数据失真;而采用氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿石样品后,用ICP-AES法测定,镓的测定值准确度高,方法检出限为0.15μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.51%～5.97%,回收率为94.8%～108.2%。该方法灵敏度高,精密度好,分析时间短,易于流程操作。方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值相符,特别适用于铝土矿石样品中镓的测定。     

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定钨矿石和锡矿石中14种微量元素

钨矿石和锡矿石成分复杂,具有丰富的共生或伴生元素。在国家标准方法中,对其中的微量共生或伴生元素含量多采用单元素测定,分析强度大,效率低。本文采用混合酸在敞开体系中消解样品,以50%盐酸提取盐类,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)同时测定钨矿石和锡矿石中的锂钪铬钴镍铜铅锌铷钼铯锑铋钍等14种微量元素。通过比较碱熔法、盐酸+氢氟酸+硝酸+高氯酸四酸溶矿法、氢氟酸+硝酸+高氯酸三酸溶矿法这三种样品前处理方法,确定选择使用氢氟酸+硝酸+高氯酸三酸溶矿法溶解样品。ICPMS测定过程中,选择铑和铼作为内标元素,有效监控分析信号的漂移。测定结果表明,各元素的检出限为0.003~1.64μg/g,相对标准偏差在0.1%~3.1%,方法回收率在93.1%~104.3%。方法应用于实际钨矿石和锡矿石分析,测定结果与各元素标准测定值吻合较好。相对于传统处理方法,本法一次溶样,多元素同时测定,使分析效率得到了有效提高,更适合大批量多元素钨矿石和锡矿石样品的分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定灌木枝叶中微量元素的样品预处理方法研究

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定植物样品中微量元素的关键技术是消除植物样品的有机基体效应,本文通过预处理方法中的酸消解体系、称样量和消解方式消除其影响。以国家标准物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)为材料进行研究,对比分析了硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢3种酸溶体系的消解效果,以确定最佳酸溶体系,进而定量研究2种称样量(50 mg和100 mg)和3种消解方式(密封高压二次消解、密封高压一次消解、微波消解)的消解效果,并以In作为内标采用ICP-MS测定微量元素含量。结果表明:硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢酸溶体系的消解效果最好;50 mg的测定值更接近于参考值;微波消解法的测定值明显偏低,而密封高压二次消解法是灌木枝叶样品预处理的有效方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定灌木枝叶中微量元素的样品预处理方法研究

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定植物样品中微量元素的关键技术是消除植物样品的有机基体效应,本文通过预处理方法中的酸消解体系、称样量和消解方式消除其影响。以国家标准物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)为材料进行研究,对比分析了硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢3种酸溶体系的消解效果,以确定最佳酸溶体系,进而定量研究2种称样量(50 mg和100 mg)和3种消解方式(密封高压二次消解、密封高压一次消解、微波消解)的消解效果,并以In作为内标采用ICP-MS测定微量元素含量。结果表明:硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢酸溶体系的消解效果最好;50 mg的测定值更接近于参考值;微波消解法的测定值明显偏低,而密封高压二次消解法是灌木枝叶样品预处理的有效方法。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中的铅

样品用盐酸-硝酸溶解,氢氟酸挥发硅,高氯酸冒烟除去氢氟酸,然后以稀硝酸溶解可溶性盐类,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中铅的含量。考察了不同的酸对样品的溶解效果,对介质酸度和共存元素干扰情况进行了实验。结果表明:盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸可以将样品消解完全;5%以内的硝酸不影响铅的测定;100 mL体积内,100 mg铁、6 mg镍、1 mg铜、5 mg钙、2 mg锰、1 mg铬、1 mg钴、1 mg锌等共存元素对0.1 mg铅的测定不产生干扰。在选定的仪器工作参数下,Pb的检出限为0.044μg/mL,加标回收率为97%～106%,测定值与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法结果一致。方法重复性好、准确度高,可满足准确测定红土镍矿中铅含量的分析要求。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锰矿石中的稀土元素前处理方法研究

高压密闭消解因称样量小、用酸量少、空白低等优点成为测定稀土元素前处理的主要方法。但锰矿石组分复杂,锰含量差别较大且具有多种不同价态,常含有伴(共)生金属和其他杂质,该方法采用常规酸溶体系很难将其消解完全,造成ICP-MS测试结果不准确。本文从样品前处理消解效果出发,选择锰矿石标准物质GBW07261、GBW07263、GBW07266和一个锰矿石样品,试验了三种酸溶前处理方法对锰矿石稀土元素测试的影响。结果表明:方法一(氢氟酸-硝酸密闭消解,硝酸复溶提取)不能将锰矿石样品完全消解,测定值偏低0. 28%～61. 31%;方法二(氢氟酸-硝酸-双氧水密闭消解,硝酸-双氧水复溶,硝酸提取)和方法三(氢氟酸-硝酸密闭消解,盐酸复溶,硝酸提取)均可将锰矿石样品消解完全,用ICP-MS测定稀土元素的数据较为接近,与传统的过氧化钠熔融ICP-MS法测定值吻合。但实验过程中发现对于锰含量较高的样品,方法三需多次重复加入盐酸复溶后方可将样品消解完全,而方法二复溶一次即可。因此,方法二对锰矿石样品的消解效率更高,精密度好(0. 96%～2. 68%),加标回收率在95. 0%～107. 0%之间,更适用于锰矿石中稀土元素的分析。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of