膜去溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定环境地质样品中的镉

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析环境地质样品中的Cd时,Zr、Mo元素的氧化物和氢氧化物会对Cd造成严重干扰,导致结果有明显的偏差。针对此问题,本文建立了膜去溶-ICP-MS直接测定环境地质样品中微量Cd的分析方法,该方法可有效地消除Zr、Mo氧化物和氢氧化物对Cd的干扰,保证结果准确、可靠。膜去溶-ICP-MS相比于常规ICP-MS测定Cd的方法,可将Zr、Mo氧化物和氢氧化物对Cd的干扰降低到0.001%,检测灵敏度提高3.5倍左右。在给定条件下,Cd的检出限为0.28 ng/L,测定下限为2.2 ng/L,精密度(RSD,n=12)为2.2%。利用该方法分析20种岩石、土壤和沉积物国家标准物质的测定值与标准值相符,表明膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定环境地质样品中痕量或超痕量Cd时具有一定的应用潜力。同时,用该方法对2016年中核集团组织的实验室间两个比对样品中的Cd进行测定,稳健Z比分数分别为0.500和-0.964,Z的绝对值都小于2。     

酸溶分解-电感耦合等离子体质谱内标法测定地质样品中的痕量银

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的痕量银时,Zr、Nb、Mo的氧化物以及氢氧化物对银的两个质量数~(107)Ag和~(109)Ag造成严重的质谱重叠干扰,导致结果有明显的偏差。针对此问题,本文基于~(107)Ag的质谱干扰相对单一,只有~(90)Zr~(16)OH~+和~(91)Zr~(16)O~+对~(107)Ag产生干扰,在ICP-MS分析中选用~(107)Ag对银进行测定。样品前处理中采用氢氟酸、高氯酸、硝酸敞开消解,在浸提液中加入过量氨水,将~(107)Ag的主要干扰元素Zr通过生成沉淀实现分离,以Re作内标补偿基体效应和信号漂移,采用ICP-MS测定了水系沉积物、岩石、土壤国家标准物质中痕量银的含量,测试值与认定值一致,方法检出限为0.0031μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.38%。该方法简捷,在浸取液中加入氨水之前可以先测定常见金属元素,实现了浸取溶液的循环再利用。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅合金中的微量杂质元素镉和锡

铅合金中的镉和锡由于含量较低,国家标准方法均为单一元素分析,步骤繁琐,检出限高,难以达到理想的检出要求。本文建立了应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铅合金中微量级(μg/g级)杂质元素镉和锡的分析方法。采用单一的低浓度硝酸溶解铅合金,用低温慢溶的方式使样品溶解更加完全,减少了多离子对仪器的干扰;通过铅基体匹配和加入酒石酸保证了标准与样品介质的一致性,同时避免了锡的水解;以~(103)Rh作为内标元素,~(111)Cd和~(118)Sn作为测量同位素克服了质谱干扰。方法检出限为镉0.05 ng/g、锡0.04 ng/g,比国家标准方法的检出限(1~6μg/g)低,精密度小于4%。该方法试剂用量少,减少了处理样品的复杂性,实现了合金中微量级元素的准确测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中锗和镉的干扰及校正

采用HF-HClO₄-HNO₃分解样品,8 mol/L HNO₃提取剂,外标法校准,电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地球化学样品中锗和镉。选择¹⁰³Rh为内标,确定了最佳仪器参数,研究了Zn、Zr、Sn、Ce、Nd、Sm对Ge和Cd的干扰,试验选择质量数⁷⁴Ge和¹¹⁴Cd作为测定同位素,采用数学公式校正法校正了来自Nd和Sm的二次电离离子对Ge的干扰、Sn对Cd的同质异位素干扰。方法检出限（10s）分别为Ge 30 ng/L、Cd 15 ng/L,精密度（RSD,n=15）为Ge 1.35%、Cd 1.47%。对多种国家一级标准物质进行分析验证,结果与标准值相符。方法适用于地质样品中微量锗和镉的测定。     

动能歧视模式ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中14种痕量元素

应用传统ICP-MS法测定勘查地球化学样品中Ag、Cd等痕量元素,基体效应和多原子离子干扰严重,准确测定的难度较大。本文基于当前ICP-MS消除干扰技术,分析了ICP-MS标准模式(STD)及动能歧视模式(KED)测定地球化学样品中Ag、Cd等14种痕量元素的有效性,通过比较这两种模式的测定效果,在此基础上确定了各元素的有效测定模式。结果表明:在KED模式下,基体元素如Zr、Nb氧化物的产率降低,基本上消除了Zr、Nb氧化物对痕量元素Ag、Cd的多原子离子干扰。KED模式提高了信噪比,降低了方法检出限,如Ag、Cd的检出限分别为0. 004mg/kg、0. 005mg/kg,其他12种元素的检出限也低于多目标地球化学调查76种元素分析方案中的检出限。测定痕量元素的准确度显著优于STD模式。实验中采用简单的硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,残渣用王水复溶,结合KED模式下优选出干扰较小的同位素作为测定同位素,以Rh作为内标校正仪器产生的信号漂移,将样品溶液稀释至1000倍,基体效应降低至最小。本方法经国家一级标准物质的验证,测定结果与认定值相符,可为勘查地球化学提供高质量数据。     

封闭压力酸溶-盐酸提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中的多元素

高温、高压封闭压力酸溶可有效分解岩石、土壤、沉积物等地质样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,大部分元素可得到满意的回收率;但Zr、Hf、REEs、Rb、Th、U等元素用硝酸复溶困难,测定结果不准确。本文对传统的封闭压力酸溶方法进行改进,用盐酸复溶提取代替硝酸复溶提取,ICP-MS法测定岩石、土壤、沉积物等国家一级标准物质中Li、Be、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd、In、Cs、Ba、Ti、Zr、Nb、Sn、Sb、W、Hf、Ta、Tl、Pb、Bi、Th、U以及稀土元素(REEs)等46个元素。将原方法中的称样量25 mg加大至100 mg,溶样时间由12 h延长至48 h,有效地解决了取样代表性及HNO3复溶提取时Rb、Sr、REEs等元素测定结果偏低的问题。分析结果表明,除元素As和V在电感耦合等离子体质谱测定中存在Cl的干扰不能准确测定之外,其他44个元素的测定值与标准值基本一致。改进后的方法测定下限为0.01～0.85μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.73%～13.1%,准确度小于<10%。方法准确、可靠,适用于各种不同种类地质样品的分析。     

氧气反应模式-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤中的镉

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析土壤中的镉元素时,锆的氢氧化物、钼的氧化物、锡的同位素会对镉造成严重的干扰,导致准确测定土壤中镉的难度较大.本文采用电感耦合等离子体串接质谱法(ICP-MS/MS),选取无同质异位素干扰的111 Cd为分析谱线,在MS/MS模式下碰撞反应池中通入的氧气可以与94Zr16O1...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定碳酸盐岩中30种痕量元素及干扰校正研究

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析碳酸盐岩样品中的痕量元素,其中高钙基体的存在会对元素的分析信号产生明显的抑制或增强作用,从而引起显著的基体干扰。本文研究了硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸四酸敞开溶样体系下ICP-MS同时测定碳酸盐岩中30种痕量元素的方法。重点分析了质谱干扰包括样品基体本身所带来的谱线干扰、同量异位素干扰和多原子离子干扰,并对钙含量高的碳酸盐岩样品中Ca对Ni的干扰进行了试验,分别采用数学公式或干扰系数等方法对干扰因素进行校正,使分析结果得到了明显改善。标准物质的测定值与标准值基本一致,方法精密度(RSD)除个别元素为10%~15%,大多数元素均小于10%,符合地质样品分析规范要求。     

锡的螯合滴定

本文用巯基乙酸(TGA)或柠檬酸(Cit)定量释放Sn-EDTA中的EDTA,选择性的螯合滴定法测定样品中的Sn。大量金属离子(除Bi~(3+)外)包括Al~(3+)、Th(Ⅳ)、Zr(Ⅳ)和∑RE,均不干扰。选用二甲酚橙-溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)为指示剂,终点清晰、敏锐。已成功地测定高铝锡合金、锡铅镉合金、锡基合金和锡精矿中的Sn。     

氨水分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化探样品中的银

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定化探样品中的Ag时,两个同位素107Ag和109Ag分别受90Zr16O1H、91Zr16O和92Zr16O1H、93Nb16O等的干扰,即使采用干扰系数法校正,测定结果误差仍较大。本文采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸封闭分解样品,氨水沉淀分离干扰元素Zr后以103Rh为内标用ICP-MS测定,溶液中残留Zr对107Ag的测定干扰采用干扰系数法进行校正。方法检出限(3σ)为4.1 ng/g,相对标准偏差(n=12)为2.5%~7.8%。经53个地球化学标准物质验证,溶液中的Ag未见损失。本方法是在氨性介质中Ag与氨形成稳定的络合离子,而Zr则生成氢氧化物沉淀,实现了Ag和Zr的分离,大大减小了Zr对Ag的测定干扰;采用封闭分解样品,减少用酸量,降低了样品空白值,操作方法比高压密闭分解和P507萃淋树脂分离方法更简便快速。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)