REDESCRIPTION OF A STROMATEOID FISH PAMPUS PUNCTATISSIMUS AND COMPARISON WTTH PAMPUS ARGENTEUS FROM CHINESE COASTAL WATERS

MODUcrIONThestromaboidFishesofthefaInilyStrornateidaearewidelydistributedinChinesecoastalwatersandtheIndosoternPadfic.WiththededproduCtionofsomecom~alspedes,suchasyellowcroackerandhairtailfishes,moreandmoreattentionispaidtothesbornateOidfisheSwhoseoutputisabout3OOoo~4Ooo()t/ainChina.PampuspunCtabousboncketSchlegel,l845)andpampusargenteUsffiuphrasen,l788)aretwomportantspedesofthegenusPampus.DuetotheirmerphologicalsedaritAs,PpunctatiwtuswnregardedasasynonyInofPargenteUsbyrnanyworkers…     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

Report of Pontoniinae Shrimps （Crustacea： Decapoda） Collected by Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island, South China Sea. Ⅲ. PericHmenes

The present paper reports 12 species of genus Periclimenes, subfamily Pontoniinae, collected from Hainan Island, South China Sea, by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions, in which, Periclimenes consobrinus and P. tenuipes are new records from Chinese waters, and Periclimenes amymone, P. holthuisi, P. soror, and P. toloensis are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

REPORT ON PONTONIINE SHRIMPS（CRUSTACEA：DECAPODA）COLLECTED BY JOINT CHINESE—GERMAN MARINE BIOLOGY EXPEDITIONS TO HAINAN ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA i.ANCHISTUS,CONCHODYTES,CORALLIOCARIS

The present paper reports 7 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan Island,South China Sea,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which,Conchodytes nipponensis(De Haan,1844)and Coralliocaris brevirostris Borradaile,1898 are new records from Chinese waters.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEROCILA （ISOPODA： CYMOTHOIDAE） FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new species of cymothoid Isopeda, Nerocila donghaiensis, collected from the body of a sciaenid fish, Johnius sp., is described in the present paper. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of genus Nerocila by its endoped of uropods with deep notch, sharply serrated on the lateral margin and strongly serrated on the medial margin; antennule with 1 st article swollen; dactyli of pereopods Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ swollen.     

Use of rapd for detecting and identifyingPorphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with 20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min. and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1−F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture. Contribution No. 100 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, IOCAS. Contribution No. 3289 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research supported by the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Tinocladia （Chordariales,Phaeophyta） in China Coasts I. Two new species, T. eudesmoides sp.nov, and T. zhangii sp.nov.

Two new species of the genusTinocladia Kylin (1940)T. eudesmoides Ding et Lu sp. nov. andTinocladia zhangii Ding et Lu sp. nov., are described.T. eudesmoides is mainly characterized by its longitudinally and transversely produced sub-cortical filaments from the medulla, its short uniseriate assimilating filaments, usually composed of 6–10 cells with slightly swollen and narrow ultimate cells, and its unilocular sporangia (60–115)×55–70μm, variable in size.T. zhangii is mainly characterized by its very solid frond, not rip apart by hands, its evident longer primary branches, its short and slender secondary branches, with very evident sub-cortical layer, and filaments divided repeatedly, and its large and small unilocular sporangia, with the latter borne on an evidently swollen pedicel. Project B80981816 supported by the NSFC. Contribution No. 4443 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.     

Reproductive morphology ofEucheumagelatinae (Esper) J. Agardh (Solieriaceae,Gigartinales, rhodophyta)

Eucheuma gelatinae (Esper) J. Agardh has vegetative and reproductive features distinguishing it from other species ofEucheuma. The occurrence of reproductive nemathecia containing carpogonial branches, auxiliary cells and post-fertilization stages including gonimoblast and pericarp initiation, fusion cell formation stages and carposporophyte development are described and ilustrated for the first time for this species. Contribution No. 2380 of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Systematic position ofMucronella perforata Okada et Mawatari 1937

Mucronella perforata was first discovered from Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, Japan, in 1937 by Okada and Mawatari. It was reported from Hong Kong and its neighboring waters and was referred to the genusHippopodina Levinsen, 1909 of the Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 by Huang et al. (1990) and Huang (1994). According to the astogeny of the species, both the ancestrula and its successor zooids have an ascus proximal to the orifice, and its hyperstomial ovicells are imperforate, so it could not be a member of any known genus of the known families of the superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1883 in the infraorder Lepraliomorpha Gordon, 1989. The new genusPacificincola and the new family Pacificincolidae established respectively on the basis of reexaminations of the Chinese specimens obtained from the southern Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea.Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1880 andHippoporina mexicana Soule, Soule et Chaney, 1995 have been referred to the new genus in the paper. Contribution No. 3658 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39670100 supported by NSFC and work also supported by the Special Foundation of Biota, IOCAS.     

Iodine content ofSargassum in Southern China

Sodium thiosulphate and neutron activation determination of iodine content in samples of 18Sargassum species collected in Guangdong and Guangxi Province in April 1996 showed large differences (0.47×10⁻³ inSargassum hemiphyllum, 0.56×10⁻³ inSargassum assimile, and 4.5×10⁻³ inSargassum vachellianum). Traditional titration analysis and neutron activation analysis for determination of total iodine yielded similar results showing that certainSargassum species had high capacity to accumulate iodine. Contribution No. 3162 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project was supported by the National Ninth Five-Year Plan of China (No. 96-916-04-01).     

Triploidy induction with heat shocks toPenaeus chinensis and their effects on gonad development

Heat shocks effectively produced triploids inPenaeus chinensis. Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28–32°C) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%–75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences. Contribution No. 3465 from the Institute of Oceanology. Chinese Academy of Sciences. The study was supported by the International Foundation for Science, Asian Fisheries Society and Chinese Climbing Project PDB 6–2, and Chinese National 863 Project (No. 863-819-01-05).     

First record of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paraonella platybranchia</Emphasis> (Hartman, 1961) (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from the Yellow Sea

This paper reports for the first time a species of polychaetous family Paraonidae, Paraonella platybranchia (Hartman, 1961), a rare species found previously only in the coast near the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and it was recently discovered in the samples collected in 1982 from Chinese side of the Yellow Sea. This is the first record of the species in China as well as in the Northwest Pacific. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. O72715)     

Competition Among Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Tam—arense, Raphidophyte Heterosigma Carterae and Diatom Skeletonema Costatum under Combinations ofTwo Temperatures and Five Salinities

Competition among HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom) species Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense, Raphidophyte Heterosigma carterae, and Diatom Skeletonema costatum was studied in the laboratory. Experiments with these three major HAB species under combinations of different salinities (10, 18, 25, 30, 35) and temperatures (19℃, 25℃) were carried out. The results showed that S. costatum successfully competed with the other two species at salinities of 18, 25,30, and 35 at temperatures of 19℃ and 25℃. However, H. carterae showed its advantage at low salinity of 10 and became the single dominant species at salinity 10 and 25℃. A. tamarense could not compete successfully with the other two species especially at low salinities. However, it could remain at low density in the presence of higher densities of other algae.     

Effects of fishes on the growth and survival of Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis

This experiment on the effects of fishes (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Channa argus, Cyprinus carpio) on growth and survival of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis was conducted in cages placed in Bao'an Lake. T-tests showed that effects of fishes on the carapace width growth were not significant as compared with the control (no fish). But the effects of these fishes on crab survival were negative. The causes of negative effects of fishes on crab survival were simply discussed on the basis of food habits. This research was financially supported by the Department of Agriculture (96-008-02-03), P. R. China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Key Project: KZ951-A1-102).     

Two New Species of the Genus finocladia Kylin （Chordaria-les, Phaeophyta） from Yellow Sea Coasts of China

Two new species of the genus Tinocladia Kylin, T. gracilis sp. nov. and T. microsporangii sp. nov,, are described. T. gracilis is characterized by its slender frond, variable size, infrequently branched medullary filaments, and short assimilating filaments with 2 - 7 cells. T. microsporangii is characterized by its medullary cells which are slightly larger than sub-cortical ones; narrow sub-cortical layer, usually consisting of 4- 6 cells and very small unilocular sporangia. The holotypes are deposited at the Herbarium of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of attached Ulvaceae species and free-floating <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enteromorpha</Emphasis> from Qingdao coasts in 2007

Based on the sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8 S, and ITS 2, the molecular phylogeny was analyzed on Ulvaceae species collected from Qingdao coasts in summer of 2007, including 15 attached Ulva and Enteromorpha samples from 10 locations and 10 free-floating Enteromorpha samples from seven locations. The result supported the monophyly of all free-floating Enteromorpha samples, implying the unialgal composition of the free-floating Enteromorpha, and the attached Ulvaceae species from Qingdao coasts were grouped into other five clades, suggesting that they were not the biogeographic origin of the free-floating Enteromorpha in that season. Supported by NSFC (40506030); the Innovative Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-209); Science & Technology Project of Qingdao City (06-2-2-12-JCH)     

CYTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF GAMETOGENESIS OF SCALLOPS, ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS AND CHLAMYS FARRERI

Histological characteristics of gametogenesis of two kinds of scallops, gonochoric Chinese scallop, Chlamys farreri and hermaphroditic bay scallop, Argopecten irradians were investigated in this study. Spermatogenesis in C. farreri has different developmental stages: spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, second spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon. A large number of same developmental stage spermatic cells converge at a definite area of the testis. Premeiotic, previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes can be found during oogenesis in C. farreri, where oocyte distribution is obviously irregular. The A. irradians gonad consists of two different parts in one individual: one part functions as testis, the other as ovary. Between these two parts is a special appearance area, where a large number of spermatic cells are bound with two layers of acellular substance with many oocytes in it.     

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PUFFERFISH OF GENUS TAKIFUGU BY RAPD ANALYSIS

AmpLifications with 300 10-base primers under predetermined optimal reaction yielded 2762 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000 bp. Genetic distances among five species of Takifugu and Lagocephalus spadiceus as outgreup were calculated based on the presence/absence of the amplified fragments. Topological phylogenie trees of the 5 species of Takgfugu and the outgroup were gen-erated by Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining analysis based on RAPD data set. The genetic distance between T. rubripes and T. pseudommus was almost the same as that between individuals within each species, but was much smaller than that among T. rubripes, T. pseudommus and the other species. The molecu-lar data from RAPD analysis convincingly showed that T. rubripes and T. pseudommus should be the same species.     

A NEW SPECIES OF RANINOIDES （CRUSTACEA ： DECAPODA ： RANINIDAE） FROM OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF HAINAN ISLAND AND NANSHA ISLANDS

Ranlnoides longifions new species, off SE coast of Hainan Island, dorsal surface of carapace with an arched granular edge across carapace between the anterolateral teeth, median frontal tooth longest, second frontal teeth subquadrate.     

Light and electron microscope observations onNephroselmis gaoae sp. nov. (Prasinophyceae)

Nephroselmis gaoae sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations of cultured material originally collected and isolated from seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The periplasts on the cell body and flagella are covered by five types of scales, two types on the flagella and three on the body. Among these, the morphology and the number of spines of large stellate body scales differ remarkably from those of previously described species ofNephroselmis. Apart from these, the unusual fine structure of the eyespot (stigma) is very characteristic. As in the other species ofNephroselmis, the eyespot lies immediately under the two-membraned chloroplast envelope; unlike the others, however, it is not composed of a number of osmiophilic globules, but consists of about 14 curved rod-shaped osmiophilic bodies arranged loosely and randomly. This feature distinguishes the present new species not only from the other species ofNephroselmis but also from the other motile algal species, the eyespots structure of which had been previously described. Contribution No. 2316 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper was presented at the XIVth International Seaweed Symposium held in Brittany, France, 1992.