道路红线交点坐标的解算及应用

简介了道路直线段红线之间及直线段红线与圆曲线段红线、缓和曲线段红线交点坐标的解算方法，红外与视角红线交点的解算方法。     

巧用CASIO fx-4800P计算器测设线路复合曲线

应用地面点与线路中线相对关系的统一数学模型，使用CASIO fx-4800P程序型计算器编制的适合野外测设线路各种复合曲线(包括直线、缓和曲线、圆曲线的任意组合)的实用程序。     

直线与交通线路交点精度研究

建立了交通线路与直线交点坐标精度的统一模型,并推导了直线线路、圆曲线线路和缓和曲线线路与直线交点的精度公式,且精度公式不但按X和Y轴方向给出,还按线路的纵向和横向给出,最后,给出了算例。     

道路测量曲线中桩及边桩的随机放样

本简述了在道路施工测量中采用随机放样方法的必要性和适用性，可将其作为常规放样方法的一种补充。在道路坐标系统下对于各种曲线线形的随机放样的原理和方法作了详细的解析，并基于缓和曲线及其平行线以其自身弧长为变量的参数方程，提出了在缓和曲线范围内实现随机放样的严密算法，较好地解决了自动解算问题。为编制通用的模块化程序提供参考。     

线路坐标计算的通用模型

介绍了一种适合电算的线路坐标计算通用模型。首先,引入了曲线元的概念,使线路的平面线形三要素(直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线)得到了统一。然后,以曲线元作为组成线路的最小单元,推导了线路坐标计算的通用数学模型。该模型形式简单,易于编程实现。不但能解算S型、卵型、复合型、C型等复杂组合线形的任意指定点的坐标,而且能将线路中桩、边桩以及与线路非正交交叉的特殊点位(如桥墩、电线杆等)的坐标解算统一了起来。     

线路平行线间面积计算的统一简捷模型

本文根据线路平行线间面积计算的统一模型，分别推证了直线，圆曲和缓和曲线段平行线间面积计算的简捷模型，据此归纳出线路平行线间面积计算的统一简捷模型，它在线路土地征及用建材用料计算等方面都有广泛的应用。     

直线与缓和曲线斜交的直接解算法

本文提出了缓和曲线的拟合圆弧的概念,首先确定直线与拟合圆弧的交点,将拟合圆弧的交点桩号作为直线与缓和曲线交点的初始桩号,算出其中桩坐标与走向方位角,再由初始交点向直线作垂线算出初始桩号的改正数,实现了交点桩号的直接解算。     

巧用CASIO fx-4800P计算器测设线路复合曲线

介绍应用地面点与线路中线相对关系的统一数学模型,使用CASIOfx-4800P程序型计算器编制适合野外测设线路各种复合曲线(包括直线、缓和曲线、圆曲线的任意组合)的实用程序。     

线路坐标计算的通用模型

介绍了一种适合电算的线路坐标计算通用模型.首先,引入了曲线元的概念,使线路的平面线形三要素(直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线)得到了统一.然后,以曲线元作为组成线路的最小单元,推导了线路坐标计算的通用数学模型.该模型形式简单,易于编程实现.不但能解算S型、卵型、复合型、C型等复杂组合线形的任意指定点的坐标,而且能将线路中桩、边桩以及与线路非正交交叉的特殊点位(如桥墩、电线杆等)的坐标解算统一了起来.     

极坐标法测设平曲线之通用程序

本文给出了极坐标法测设附有缓和曲线的圆曲线或仅为圆曲线的采用任意点设站法、任意切线点设站法、交点设站法之ＧＡＳＩＯｆｘ－４５００ｐ计算器的高精度通用计算程序,它能解算并显示出平曲线的全部曲线元素和有关参数,且可连续计算或任意跳跃式计算,给外业工作以极大便利。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.