促精宝汤治疗弱精症65例临床观察

目的：探讨促精宝汤治疗弱精症的临床疗效及其作用机制。方法：将131例弱精症患者随机分为2组,治疗组65例采用促精宝汤治疗,对照组66例采用复方玄驹胶囊治疗。结果：总有效率治疗组为90.8%,对照组为81.8%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组在改善患者精液量、精子密度、精子活率、a级精子和b级精子、精浆超氧化物歧化酶同工酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量等方面均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：促精宝汤治疗弱精症的临床疗效显著,其作用机制可能与提高SOD含量、降低MDA与NO的表达有关。     

调脂胶囊联合电针治疗高脂血症30例临床观察

目的：观察调脂胶囊联合电针治疗高脂血症（脾肾两虚型）的临床疗效。方法：将60例高脂血症（脾肾两虚型）患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。对照组采用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加调脂胶囊配合电针治疗。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.33%,对照组为63.33%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组血脂各项指标、中医证候积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：调脂胶囊联合电针对高脂血症（脾肾两虚型）有较好的降脂作用。     

益气养阴辛散化痰方治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重33例

目的：观察益气养阴辛散化痰方对痰湿阻肺兼气阴两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）的临床疗效。方法：将66 例痰湿阻肺兼气阴两虚型AECOPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各33 例。对照组予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用益气养阴辛散化痰方治疗。比较2组治疗前后慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）评估测试（CAT）评分、中医证候积分及衰弱状况。结果：治疗组无脱落,对照组脱落3 例。治疗后,2组CAT评分、中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,且治疗组低于对照组（P<0.01或P<0.05）;治疗后衰弱率治疗组为36.36%（12/33）,对照组为56.67%（17/30）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：益气养阴辛散化痰方联合西药治疗痰湿阻肺兼气阴两虚型AECOPD疗效显著,能明显改善患者生活质量、临床症状及衰弱状态。     

针刺结合雷火灸治疗脾肾两虚型过敏性鼻炎50例

目的：观察针刺结合雷火灸治疗脾肾两虚型过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法：将100 例脾肾两虚型过敏性鼻炎患者按照随机原则分成治疗组和对照组,各50 例。对照组予以针刺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上配合雷火灸悬灸治疗。比较2组的鼻症状总积分表（TNSS）积分、鼻结膜炎生存质量量表（RQLQ）积分及免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平。结果：总有效率治疗组为96.0%（48/50）,对照组为80.0%（40/50）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组TNSS积分、RQLQ积分、IgE水平、IL-10水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：针刺结合雷火灸治疗脾肾两虚型过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效高于单纯针刺组,值得临床推广应用。     

川芎对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用研究

目的：研究川芎对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠抗衰老的作用机制。方法：将50只小鼠随机分为正常对照组10只和造模组40只,采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖溶液的方法建立小鼠衰老模型,再将其分为衰老模型组及川芎低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。药物干预50 d后检测小鼠脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）、单胺氧化酶（MAO）。结果：与正常对照组比较,衰老模型组脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px含量降低,MDA、MAO含量升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与衰老模型组比较,川芎低、中、高剂量组SOD、GSH-Px含量增加,MDA、MAO含量降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：川芎可增加脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px含量,降低MDA、MAO含量,具有良好的延缓衰老的作用。     

宣痹益气通阳方联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者的疗效评价

目的：观察宣痹益气通阳方联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗阳气虚衰型不稳定型心绞痛（UA）的临床疗效。方法：将126 例阳气虚衰型UA患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各63 例。2组均给予常规西药治疗,对照组再予瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗,治疗组于对照组基础上再加宣痹益气通阳方治疗,2组均治疗8周。对比2组综合疗效,治疗前后中医证候各项评分及总积分,血脂指标［三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）］,血管内皮功能［血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、血管内皮舒张变化率（FMD）］及心血管不良事件（MACE）发生情况。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.24%（60/63）,对照组为84.13%（53/63）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组治疗后中医证候各项评分及总积分、TG、TC、LDL-C、ET均较治疗前下降,HDL-C、NO、FMD均较治疗前上升,且治疗组下降及上升幅度均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MACE总发生率治疗组为4.77%（3/63）,对照组为17.46%（11/63）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：宣痹益气通阳方联合瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗阳气虚衰型UA能调节血脂水平,改善血管内皮功能,缓解症状,降低MACE发生风险,具有良好的临床效果。     

通窍健步汤对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的影响

目的：研究通窍健步汤对血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠认知功能的影响。方法：将48只VD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平组、通窍健步汤组,每组各12只。采用改良2-VO法制备VD模型,治疗结束后,用Morris水迷宫试验评价大鼠的认知功能,并检测血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：大鼠的逃避潜伏期、跨越平台次数及血清SOD、MDA水平,模型组与假手术组比较,尼莫地平组、通窍健步汤组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：通窍健步汤能改善VD模型大鼠的认知能力,其机制可能与提高抗氧化应激能力有关。     

益气养阴方治疗气阴两虚型慢性功能性便秘40例临床观察

目的：观察益气养阴方治疗气阴两虚型慢性功能性便秘的临床疗效。方法：将气阴两虚型慢性功能性便秘患者80例随机分为治疗组与对照组各40例。治疗组采用益气养阴方治疗,对照组采用枸橼酸莫沙必利分散片治疗,比较2组患者临床疗效及临床症状积分变化情况。结果：总有效率治疗组为90.0%,对照组为75.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组临床症状积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：益气养阴方治疗气阴两虚型慢性功能性便秘有较好的临床疗效。     

十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障60例临床观察

目的：观察十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障的临床疗效。方法：将120例肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障患者随机分为2组各60例。对照组予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加十全明目片口服治疗。30d为1个疗程,服药3个疗程后比较2组疗效。结果：综合疗效总有效率治疗组为81.7%,对照组为58.3%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为78.3%,对照组为56.7%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组视力、晶状体厚度、晶状体混浊程度治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障具有良好的效果,在提高患者视力、改善患者中医证候、降低晶体的混浊度等方面收到满意的疗效。     

基于氧化应激探讨复方葶苈子汤降低COPD-PAH大鼠肺动脉压的作用机制

目的：观察复方葶苈子汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）相关性肺动脉高压（PAH）大鼠模型氧化应激的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用随机数字表法将50只SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组及中药低、中、高剂量组。除正常组以外,其余各组大鼠均采用烟熏加气管滴注脂多糖构建COPD-PAH模型。造模后第2天开始灌胃干预,每天2次,连续2周,中药低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为2.50 g/kg、5.00 g/kg、10.00 g/kg,模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠注射液10 ml/kg。观察大鼠的一般情况;测量大鼠的肺功能、平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）;HE染色观察其肺组织肺血管病理形态变化;检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力值、环磷酸腺苷（MDA）含量、cAMP含量,肺组织中泛素连接酶2（Siah2）mRNA的相对表达量;检测肺组织细胞中Siah2、A激酶锚定蛋白（Akap121）的蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺血管损伤重构减轻,mPAP下降（P<0.05）;大鼠血清中SOD活力值、MDA含量、cAMP含量、Siah2-RNA相对表达量,正常组与模型组、模型组与中药各剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,中药各剂量组肺组织Siah2蛋白表达降低,AKAP-121蛋白表达上调,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：复方葶苈子汤可通过调控cAMP-Siah2-AKAP121通路来减少氧化应激对COPD-PAH大鼠的肺血管壁的损伤,降低肺动脉压。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

夏季珠江口沉积物中营养盐剖面分布和界面交换通量

通过对夏季珠江口区域沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面分析,调查了营养盐含量分布和特征,探讨了有机物的降解特性、营养盐的底部通量估算和作用.结果表明,珠江口沉积物间隙水中营养盐以高含量铵盐为主要的存在形式,沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在厌氧状态下进行,底部水体铵盐的增加来源于底部沉积物有机质的降解释放,而且对水体的营养盐循环有较大的贡献.     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (K_d) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.     

Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer

The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m^-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m^-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”.     

微生物对土壤中镉的固定作用

镉是一种重要的环境污染物,它通过沉淀作用、磷酸肥料的使用等排放到农田中。由于镉具有较高的蒸气压,因此,人为排放的镉大部分来自工业的挥发。排放到大气中的镉通过沉积作用转移到植物、土壤及水体中。在污染的土壤中镉被植物吸收并且在植物体内富集,通过这种机制镉进入了食物链。镉是一种诱导有机体突变的物质,能对动物和人类产生有害影响,并能够抑制植物的光合作用,因此,环境中镉的存在一直被人们所关注。     

海水双壳类受精生物学研究进展

1 研究概况,在海水双壳类中开展的大量受精生物学研究表明,绝大部分的海水双壳类为卵生型,雌雄配子被排放到海水中完成受精。排放的卵子处于第一次减数分裂前期(生发泡期)或中期。精子入卵后,受精卵恢复减数分裂,先后排放出两个极体,形成雌雄原核并最终启动卵裂。     

海水黄色物质研究进展

叙述了海水黄色物质的研究历史、研究动态和研究方法,并且指出黄色物质荧光性质研究的重要性.海水中黄色物质在海洋生态系统、光学遥感和海洋碳循环等方面具有广阔的应用前景.