基于半监督核模糊c-均值算法的北京一号小卫星多光谱图像分类

针对遥感图像数据大多不服从高斯分布以及遥感图像分类存在非线性、模糊性和标记数据少等问题,提出基于半监督核模糊c-均值算法的多光谱遥感图像分类方法.首先,把半监督学习理论和核理论同时引入模糊c-均值算法,形成半监督核模糊c-均值算法.然后,用该算法与k-均值算法、最大似然算法、多类支持向量、半监督核支持向量、模糊c-均值...     

基于马尔可夫随机场的模糊c-均值遥感影像分类

针对模糊c-均值聚类方法对初始值敏感,且在聚类时忽略空间相关信息的不足提出一种基于马尔可夫随机场的模糊c-均值聚类方法,该方法用马尔可夫随机场来描述像元的空间相关性,形成顾及空间相关的模糊c-均值分类方法。初始值依据第一主成分的密度函数确定,既克服对初始值的依赖性,又在聚类的时候考虑空间相关信息。通过实例数据验证,所提出的方法分类精度优于传统的模糊c-均值模型。     

基于集对分析的遥感图像K-均值聚类算法

基于欧式距离的K-均值聚类算法是一种硬分类(把每个待辨识的对象严格地划分到某个类中)方法,面对具有不确定性和混合像元特征的遥感图像数据,传统K-均值聚类算法很难得到满意的分类结果.为解决这一难题,将集对分析(set pair analysis,SPA)理论推广到遥感图像聚类算法,通过引入一个能统一描述同一性、差异性和对立性的同异反(identical discrepancy contrary,IDC)联系度,提出了基于IDC联系度的改进的K-均值聚类算法.该方法克服了传统K-均值算法硬分类的缺陷,可以有效地提高遥感图像聚类精度.对Landsat5 TM卫星数据的聚类分析实验表明,在含有混合像元的遥感图像地物覆盖分类中,改进的K-均值聚类方法的分类效果要优于传统K-均值聚类方法.     

基于混合熵模型的遥感分类不确定性的多尺度评价方法研究

不确定性是影响遥感图像分类质量的最主要因素,针对在遥感图像分类过程中同时存在随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的特点,提出基于混合熵模型来综合测度这两种不确定性的方法,并建立起多尺度的评价指标.在分析混合熵模型基本原理的基础之上,提出利用特征空间的和模糊分类器的统计数据来建立信息熵、模糊熵以及混合熵的方法.同时,在像元和类别尺度上,分别建立像元混合熵和类别混合熵的指标对分类不确定性进行评价.最后,应用湖北省黄石市的遥感影像对上述评价方法进行验证分析,实验结果表明,混合熵模型能有效地反映分类过程中随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的综合影响,并从不同尺度反映出遥感影像分类的质量问题.     

高光谱遥感影像混合像元分解研究进展

受高光谱成像仪低空间分辨率及复杂地物的影响,高光谱遥感图像存在大量混合像元。为提高地表分类精度以及满足亚像元级目标探测的需求,混合像元分解技术一直是高光谱遥感研究热点之一。本文主要对高光谱混合像元分解技术中的核心问题:端元数目估计、端元提取算法、丰度估计算法进行综述,系统地分析了各种典型算法的原理及优缺点,进一步阐述研究过程中建立高精度遥感混合反演模型与遥感产品业务化中的混合像元分解技术难题,同时针对今后混合像元分解技术发展方向,指出在继续引入新型算法理论方法基础上,结合用户应用需求,推进高光谱混合像元分解算法业务化应用,为高光谱遥感工程化应用提供支持。     

高分一号多光谱遥感数据的面向对象分类

文章针对高分一号(GF-1)高分辨率遥感数据,提出了一种基于多特征的面向对象遥感图像分类算法:首先,对GF-1卫星数据进行分水岭分割,并利用仿射不变矩形状特征算子获得遥感图像的几何特征;其次,利用主成分分析和灰度共生矩阵获得遥感图像的纹理特征;然后,基于多特征数据进行均值漂移滤波,并利用自动标记分水岭分割方法实现遥感图像分割;最后,结合基于像元的最大似然监督分类结果做投票分类处理,从而实现面向像元与面向对象相结合的遥感数据分类.以高分一号遥感数据进行分类实验,结果表明:本文方法可有效地提高遥感图像分类精度.     

基于软硬属性转换的遥感图像亚像元定位算法

正混合像元普通存在于遥感图像之中,给遥感数据的解译带来了较大挑战。近些年发展起来的混合像元分解技术能估计混合像元内各类地物的混合比例,却不能估计各类地物的具体分布。亚像元定位(sub-pixel mapping,SPM)正是在此问题基础上发展起来的一种新型技术。SPM将原始混合像元分割成多个亚像元并估计各亚像元的地物类别,其本质上是一种更高空间分辨率下的硬分类技术。本文从现有的SPM算法中提出软硬属性转换亚像元定位(soft-then-hard SPM,STHSPM)的     

基于空间模糊C均值聚类和贝叶斯网络的高分一号遥感影像变化检测

在目前经典的变化检测算法中,后验概率空间变化向量分析(CVAPS)方法广泛用于遥感影像的变化检测。然而,基于支持向量机(SVM)的CVAPS法无法有效处理高分一号影像中等分辨率遥感影像中的混合像元问题,且难以有效保证变化检测的精度。因此,本文通过引入空间信息,使用空间模糊C均值聚类(Spatial Fuzzy C Means, SFCM)有效地实现高分一号影像混合像元的分解,并结合简单贝叶斯网络(SBN),提出一种新的后验概率空间变化向量分析法SFCM-SBN-CVAPS。实验结果表明,本文算法的总体精度和Kappa系数均高于基于普通模糊C均值聚类(Fuzzy C Means, FCM)的CVAPS算法,且耗时更短,本文所提出的算法有助于提高遥感影像变化检测的精度和效率。     

元胞自动机的遥感影像混合像元分类

通过对元胞自动机理论的研究,提出元胞自动机的遥感影像混合像元分解模型。利用多波段遥感数据验证混合像元分解算法的可行性,并将结果与线性分解模型进行比较。结果表明,元胞自动机混合像元分解模型在分解的准确性方面,明显优于一般线性模型的精度。最后,将分类结果与传统的监督分类算法比较,得出元胞自动机的混合像元分解模型明显优于监督分类精度的结论。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的混合像元分解

遥感图像中普通存在着混合像元。对这部分像元进行分类（即混合像元分解）是遥感图像处理中的难点。基于主分量分析的混合像元分解 法是一种较为成熟的算法，但它存在着计算量大，适应性差等缺点。在深入研究混合像元分解原理的基础上，提出了用径向基函数神经网络拟合分解结果超平面，以实现混合像元分解的算法，实验结果证明：该算法的结果与基于主分量分析的混合像元分解算法结果相近（相关系数达到0．00），而计算量大大减少，具有较强的适应性。     

黄河口遥感图像光谱混合分解

探讨了用逻辑斯蒂法进行了光谱混合分解的新技术，采用黄河口LM图像进行了分析。结果表明，它不仅能给出分类结果图像，而且能产生组成像元各地类的丰度图像，说明分类图像是在某种置信度下的结果。     

Hyperspectral image classification by a variable interval spectral average and spectral curve matching combined algorithm

Classification of hyperspectral images has been receiving considerable attention with many new applications reported from commercial and military sectors. Hyperspectral images are composed of a large number of spectral channels, and have the potential to deliver a great deal of information about a remotely sensed scene. However, in addition to high dimensionality, hyperspectral image classification is compounded with a coarse ground pixel size of the sensor for want of adequate sensor signal to noise ratio within a fine spectral passband. This makes multiple ground features jointly occupying a single pixel. Spectral mixture analysis typically begins with pixel classification with spectral matching techniques, followed by the use of spectral unmixing algorithms for estimating endmembers abundance values in the pixel. The spectral matching techniques are analogous to supervised pattern recognition approaches, and try to estimate some similarity between spectral signatures of the pixel and reference target. In this paper, we propose a spectral matching approach by combining two schemes—variable interval spectral average (VISA) method and spectral curve matching (SCM) method. The VISA method helps to detect transient spectral features at different scales of spectral windows, while the SCM method finds a match between these features of the pixel and one of library spectra by least square fitting. Here we also compare the performance of the combined algorithm with other spectral matching techniques using a simulated and the AVIRIS hyperspectral data sets. Our results indicate that the proposed combination technique exhibits a stronger performance over the other methods in the classification of both the pure and mixed class pixels simultaneously.     

结合空间信息选取最优端元组合的混合像元分解

传统的混合像元分解算法认为每个像元都包含图像中所能提取的全部端元组分，但这并不符合实际情况。实际上图像中大多数混合像元仅由少部分端元混合而成。由于端元提取精度及噪声的影响，采用全部端元对混合像元进行分解，会使得混合像元中实际并不存在的端元的丰度估计值不为零，分解结果存在较大误差。由于混合像元大多存在于不同地物的交界处，基于此，本文提出了一种结合图像的空间信息选取混合像元最优端元子集的方法。利用一个空间结构元素，从混合像元的附近邻域开始搜索，将搜索到的纯净像元光谱与所提取的图像端元光谱进行对比，并确定混合像元的端元子集进行分解。根据RMSE大小和变化情况，逐步扩大结构元素的大小，不断调整搜索范围，直至得到最优端元组合。模拟数据和真实数据的试验结果表明，该方法相比传统的全端元光谱分解方法，在总体上获得了更好的分解效果。     

AN IMPROVED ALGORITHM FOR SUPERVISED FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA

l IntroductionClassification pIays an imPOrtant role for rernotelysensed data tO be intngrated into gapraphical infOr-mation systems(GISs), and is increasingly comPut-eriZed with soPhisticated hardware and software(Cambell l987; Lillesand and Kiefer l994). Pnd-ucts Of classification are usua[ly represented in formof contiguous patches of pixels,with each being la-belled as belonging to a discrete and dominantclass. Such tyPe of classification is termed as crispor discrete. The accuracie…     

变端元混合像元分解冬小麦种植面积测量方法

针对线性混合像元分解(Linear Spectral Unmixing,LSU)在端元(Endmember)个数不变情况下常会出现端元分解过剩现象导致分解结果精度不高的问题,以地物分布的聚集性特征为基础,提出了基于格网的变端元线性混合像元分解(Dynamic Endmember LSU,DELSU)方法.以冬小麦为研究...     

一种端元变化的神经网络混合像元分解方法

遥感图像中普遍存在着混合像元,对混合像元进行分解是遥感图像处理中的难点,在端元（Endm ember）个数不变的情况下,往往得到的分解结果精度不高。本文基于fuzzy ARTMAP神经网络,提出一种基于端元变化的神经网络混合像元分解模型。首先利用混合像元与纯净端元之间的光谱相似性,判断出混合像元包含的端元个数及类别,然后结合fuzzy ARTMAP神经网络进行分解。实验结果表明：本文提出的方法比传统的线性混合模型及fuzzy ARTMAP神经网络模型的精度要高,而且更加符合实际情况。     

基于SVM的高光谱遥感图像亚像元定位

提出了基于支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）的高光谱遥感图像亚像元定位方法。全变分（total variation,TV）模型是经典的保边缘平滑滤波器,本文将其引入作为预处理,来提高混合像元分解及亚像元定位的精度;本文方法在训练和检验样本的构建过程中,依据空间相关性理论,同时考虑了中心像元及其邻近像元丰度值对亚像元类别归属的影响;在监督分类训练和检验过程中,通过剔除纯净像元来缩减样本数量,在保证算法准确性的同时提高了效率。对真实高光谱遥感数据进行了实验,主观评价和定量分析验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Exploring uncertainty in remotely sensed data with parallel coordinate plots

The existence of uncertainty in classified remotely sensed data necessitates the application of enhanced techniques for identifying and visualizing the various degrees of uncertainty. This paper, therefore, applies the multidimensional graphical data analysis technique of parallel coordinate plots (PCP) to visualize the uncertainty in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data classified by the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). The Landsat TM data are from the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China. Image classification with MLC and FCM provides the probability vector and fuzzy membership vector of each pixel. Based on these vectors, the Shannon's entropy (S.E.) of each pixel is calculated. PCPs are then produced for each classification output. The PCP axes denote the posterior probability vector and fuzzy membership vector and two additional axes represent S.E. and the associated degree of uncertainty. The PCPs highlight the distribution of probability values of different land cover types for each pixel, and also reflect the status of pixels with different degrees of uncertainty. Brushing functionality is then added to PCP visualization in order to highlight selected pixels of interest. This not only reduces the visualization uncertainty, but also provides invaluable information on the positional and spectral characteristics of targeted pixels.     

A Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Spectral Unmixing Algorithm Based on Variational Bayesian ICA

Mixed pixel is a key issue in medium to coarse resolution remote sensing image, and it seriously restricts the remote sensing classification. This paper presents an Independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm based on the variational Bayesian (VB) methods, named VBICA, for spectral unmixing in multispectral remote sensing image. The model assumes that the mixed pixels to be separated are given as linear mixtures. The matrixes of linear mixtures are assumed to be unknown. In the Bayesian framework, the endmember and abundance have finally been achieved with Bayesian inference and approximate variational algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated and tested on a numerical simulative image from the noise resistance, area size, pixel purity, estimated number of endmembers and real multispectral remote sensing image of 100?×?100 pixels. Experimental results on simulated image demonstrated that compared to the Fast ICA algorithm, the proposed algorithm can give more accurate results, and the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by the real multispectral remote sensing image of the similarity on spectral curves, average similarity and ground objects distribution maps.     

Distribution of Errors in a Classified Map of Satellite Data

Abstract

The output from any spatial data processing method may contain some uncertainty. With the increasing use of satellite data products as a source of data for Geographical Information Systems (GIS), there have been some major concerns about the accuracy of the satellite‐based information. Due to the nature of spatial data and remotely sensed data acquisition technology, and conventional classification, any single classified image can contain a number of mis‐classified pixels. Conventional accuracy evaluation procedures can report only the number of pixels that are mis‐classified based on some sampling observation. This study investigates the spatial distribution and the amount of these pixels associated with each cover type in a product of satellite data. The study uses Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT multispectral data sets obtained for a study area selected in North East New South Wales, Australia. The Fuzzy c‐Means algorithm is used to identify the classified pixels that contained some uncertainty. The approach is based on evaluating the strength of class membership of pixels. This study is important as it can give an indication of the amount of error resulting from the mis‐classification of pixels of specific cover types as well as the spatial distribution of such pixels. The results show that the spatial distribution of erroneously classified pixels are not random and varies depending on the nature of cover types. The proportions of such pixels are higher in spectrally less clearly defined cover types such as grasslands.