黄河口裸置管线对海床土影响的实例研究

黄河三角洲刁口海床分布有大量的输油管线,2005年8月6日至9日台风"麦莎"经过此地形成风暴潮。2005年8月5日和8月12日在风暴潮前后分别对胜利油田106钻井平台附近1条裸置海底管线铺设地区海床土工程性质进行了原位测量,发现(1)由于管线的存在导致管线两侧潮滩的水动力条件发生改变,继而使得两侧海床土的性质发生了变化;(2)风暴潮过后,管线地区海床土强度整体稍有增加。研究结果为波浪与管线共同作用下海床土变化研究提供典型实例。     

BZ34—2/4油田海底管线详细设计

本文介绍渤海BZ34—2/4油田的生产出油和高压注水两类海底管线详细设计条件,设计准则和方法以及管线工艺、结构和防腐设计等。该项设计反映出我国当前在海底管线工程领域的设计能力和水平。     

海底管线柔性导流板的变形方程研究

海底输油管线是海洋油气田开发的生命线工程,在复杂的海洋环境中易发生破坏.为使管线实现自埋防护,提出用柔性材料代替刚性导流板安装在管线顶部,不仅可以增加阻水面积,加大冲刷深度和范围,而且可以减缓刚性导流板对管线上部水流的扰动强度和尾流涡旋的扰动强度,减小管线的振动.利用力学关系由变形方程推导出海底管线与海底间距离为零以及不为零情况下柔性导流板变形的二次曲面方程和自由端最大挠度.在单向流条件下将不同材料不同长度的柔性导流板安装在管线中轴上方开展试验研究,测量柔性导流板在水流作用下的变形曲面.对比分析利用公式计算柔性导流板的自由端最大挠度和曲面变形数据与试验结果,发现两者吻合较好.     

茂名30万吨级单点码头输油海管悬空段人工海草试验研究

2006年11月在茂名海底输油管线悬空路段成功完成人工海草的海底种植安装,2007年4月通过潜水人员水下检测、海流测量等工作,检查了海底人工海草的状态。检测发现,人工海草尚未被破坏时,确实具有明显降低海流流速和促进泥沙淤积的功能。1.0 m高的人工海草实际效果要好于0.5 m高的人工海草;尽管海草草体已吸附了大量悬浮泥沙,多数海草出现倒伏和部分掩埋的现象,但仍然可降低流速15%-20%;人工海草垫直接铺设于海底管线之上,比铺设于海底管线之一侧更有利于管线的保护。     

电流梯度法检测海底管线外防腐层完整性

应用电流梯度检测技术在滨海条件下进行了牺牲阳极保护下的海底管线外防腐层破损检测,并根据海洋环境的腐蚀特性设计了海底管线防腐涂层现场检测的有效实施方案.结果表明,该技术的检测方案可行,可以通过电流梯度法进行海底管线牺牲阳极和涂层破损检测.     

作用在海底管线上的波浪力

海底管线是海洋石油储运工程的重要组成部分。在设计和建造海底管线时,其强度和稳定设计都必须考虑波浪对海底管线的作用力。不论是由陆地伸向海洋的陆地与海洋连接的管线,还是海上单井与集油装置之间的连接管线,根据管线铺设区域的水深与地形的不同,大致穿过以下四个区域:一是水深大于1/2波长的深水区;二是水深介于1/2波长与波破碎     

渤海海底管线设计中存在的问题

本文首先介绍渤海两个海上油田海底管线工程概况和特点,然后说明在设计中遇到的技术问题。主要涉及以下几个方面:1.关于管线系统分区的划分;2.关于管线的抗地震设计;3.关于在强度设计中采用应力准则还是应变准则的问题;4.关于在海流和波谱共同作用下,流体动力系数的确定;5.关于立管的抗冰计算。     

海底管线地震应力影响分析

基于Biot动力固结理论建立海床-管线相互作用的计算模型。利用粘弹性人工边界,以大型有限元软件ADINA为平台对El Centro地震波作用下的海底管线的动力响应进行分析,重点讨论管线覆盖层几何形状以及海床土各向异性对海床土体的孔隙水压力和管线内应力的影响,更为实际地反映了海底管线的地震应力作用。     

海底管线巡检信息融合大数据平台研发与应用浅析

为了提升海底管线巡检作业效率和更加合理有效地管理巡检数据以科学分析和预测管线健康状况,采用WebGIS和三维可视化技术,构建了一个高效、智能的海底管线巡检智慧管理平台,平台具有作业流程自动化管理、作业现场可视化监控、巡检数据智能分析与可视化展示等功能。实际海域测试结果表明,该平台具有较高的先进性与可靠性,可为海底管线巡检系统的自动化、可视化、智慧化赋能。平台的完善与推广将对保障我国海底管线高效率、低故障运行具有重大意义。     

海底管线挖沟埋设方法及其设备

本文介绍了海底管线挖沟设备的历史及其发展情况和发展方向,对各种挖沟设备的性能和优缺点进行了评述,并结合渤海石油海上工程公司所进行的海底管线挖沟作业实例,论述了海底管线挖沟和埋设的具体方法。本文还讨论了挖沟对海底管线受力的影响,提出了我国在海底管线挖沟埋设方面应该努力的目标。     

Study on Interaction Relationship for Submarine Pipeline with Axial Corrosion Defects

Corrosion is one of the main reasons to cause the operation accident of submarine oil and gas transmission pipelines. As the major corrosion pattern in submarine pipelines, the effects of corrosion clusters consisting of the adjacent corrosion defects on failure pressure are investigated through non-linear large-deformation finite element method. Typically, the failure behavior and limit strength of submarine pipeline with axial groove-groove corrosion defect pair exposed to internal pressure are analyzed. The effects of corrosion depth and axial spacing between a pair of corrosion defects on failure pressure are concluded. An interaction relationship for corrosion defects in pipelines, as well as prediction formulations for assessing the remaining strength of corroded pipelines are proposed. The expressions based on the proposed interaction relationship give more accurate results than the methods used in the existing design guidelines.     

A numerical model for ultimate soil resistance to an untrenched pipeline under ocean currents

One of the main concerns for pipeline on-bottom stability design is to properly predict ultimate soil resistance in severe ocean environments.A plane-strain finite element model is proposed to investigate the ultimate soil resistance to the partially-embedded pipeline under the action of ocean currents.Two typical end-constraints of the submarine pipelines are examined,i.e.freely-laid pipes and anti-rolling pipes.The proposed numerical model is verified with the existing mechanical-actuator experiments.The magnitude of lateral-soil-resistance coefficient for the examined anti-rolling pipes is much larger than that for the freely-laid pipes,indicating that the end-constraint condition significantly affects the lateral stability of the untrenched pipeline under ocean currents.The parametric study indicates that,the variation of lateral-soil-resistance coefficient with the dimensionless submerged weight of pipe is affected greatly by the angle of internal friction of soil,the pipe-soil friction coefficient,etc.     

埕岛油田海底管线在位稳定性的计算分析

埕岛油田主要分布粉土和淤泥质软土2类典型的海床.通过建立海床与其上裸置管线相互作用的有限元计算模型,对埕岛油田2类典型海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性进行了数值计算分析,并与现行常用的DNV(挪威船级社)管道设计方法的计算结果进行了对比.分析表明,对于埕岛油田粉土海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性分析,数值计算结果与DNV简化分析方法的结果较为一致;对于埕岛油田淤泥质软土海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性分析,DNV简化分析得到的裸置管线的在位稳定性一般高于相应的数值计算结果.     

Allowable span length of submarine pipeline in shallow water

Because of the complex geological conditions of the seabed, submarine pipelines buried beneath the ocean floor become suspended over the seabed under the long-term scour of waves eroding the surrounding sediment. Further, most oil fields were built in offshore areas while the country was developing. This gives the waves seen in shallow water obvious nonlinear features, and the abnormal characteristics of these waves must be considered when calculating their hydrodynamic forces. Particularly under such conditions, these suspended spans of submarine pipelines are prone to damage caused by the action of the external environment load. Such damages and eventual failures may result not only in great property losses but also pollution of the marine environment. The span length of these areas is a key predictive factor in pipeline damages. Therefore, determining the allowable span length for these submarine pipelines will allow future projects to avoid or prevent damage from excessive suspended span lengths. Expressions of the hydrodynamic loads placed on suspended spans of pipeline were developed in this work based on the first-order approximate cnoidal wave theory and Morison equation. The formula for the allowable free span length was derived for the common forms of free spanning submarine pipeline based on the point where maximum bending stresses remain less than the material’s allowable stress. Finally, the allowable free span length of real-world pipelines was calculated for a subsea pipeline project in Bohai Bay. This research shows that, with consideration for the complicated marine environment, existing suspended spans are within allowable length limitations. However, continuing to limit the length of these submarine pipeline spans in the Nanpu oil field will require ongoing attention.     

受落物荷载作用海底管道保护的风险评估

海洋工程具有很高的风险,一旦发生恶性事故,就会导致巨大的环境污染和经济损失。尤其是作为海洋石油工程生命线的海底管道,其风险应努力降至最低。然而,货物坠落等事故是不可能避免的。由于受很多不确定性因素的影响,受落物荷载作用管道保护的风险评估课题是很复杂的。文中介绍了风险评估方法。首先讨论了几种确定风险接受准则的方法,它是整个风险分析的基础。接下来从整体角度对风险评估方法进行了解释。最后结合渤海油田某平台设计中的一个工程算例,详细给出了风险评估的具体计算过程,可用此计算方法来解决渤海油田中类似的问题。     

Experiments on Interaction Between Current-Induced Vibration and Scour of Submarine Pipelines on Sandy Bottom

In order to understand the dynamic behavior of submarine pipelines exposed to current andthe mechanism of the interaction between current-induced vibration and scour of pipelines on a sandy bot-tom,an experimental investigation is conducted with a small scale model.A test model which can be testedin the flume is set up by taking into account the typical working conditions of the pipelines and by ap-plying the similarity theory.The interactions between the shape of the scour hole and the behavior of thepipeline as well as the flow patterns of the current are detailed,and the interaction mechanism outlined.The effect of vibration of the pipeline on the development of dynamic scour at different stages is foundout.The proposed experimental method and test results provide an effective means for design of marinepipelines against scouring.     

Hydrodynamic Forces and Instability of Submarine Pipelines Under Waves and Currents： A Review

Stability design of submarine pipelines is a very important procedure in submarine pipeline engineering design. The calculation of hydrodynamic forces caused by waves and currents acting on marine pipelines is an essential step in pipeline design for stability. The hydrodynamic forces-induced instabilities of submarine pipelines should be regarded as a wave/ current-pipeline-seabed interaction problem. This paper presents a review on hydrodynamic forces and stability research of submarine pipelines under waves and currents. The representative progress including the improved design method and guideline has been made for the marine pipelines engineering design through experimental investigations, numerical simulations and analytical models. Finally, further studies on this issue are suggested.     

海南岛南部近海海底输气管道检测和安全性评价

文章采用磁力测量和侧扫声呐测量方法,对海南岛南部近海海底输气管道进行检测,并根据检测结果开展管道安全性评价。研究表明,研究区海底地形较平坦;检测范围完全覆盖预计区域;小部分管道呈现半裸露状态但未危及安全,管道整体状态良好。定期或不定期对海底输气管道进行检测,可保证管道安全,避免天然气泄漏造成海洋环境污染。     

海底管道在位状态调查实践

根据调查设备搭载器的不同,将海底管道在位状态调查方法归为船载、自治水下机器人搭载(AUV 搭载)和无人遥控潜水器搭载(ROV搭载)三类;在浅水段采用船载调查,在深水段采用AUV搭载调查,在此基础上进行重点关注区域筛选,开展ROV调查,最后进行整体评价和分析对比,这种^“(船载/AUV)+ROV^”组合模式很好地实现了多种调查方法的优势互补。实际上,采用AUV搭载进行海底管道在位状态调查在国内业界尚属首次。调查所取得的管道位置、埋深、周边障碍物的分布以及管道人工处理情况等成果,为后期开展管道维护工作提供了重要的基础数据。此次成功实践可为以后从浅水到深水的管道在位状态调查提供经验和借鉴。     

Stability Design System of Submarine Pipelines

This paper introduces a stability design system of submarine pipelines. The system can provide a reasonable design procedure for users with reference to domestic and foreign methods and in the light of home engineering experience.