博斯腾湖流域绿洲农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

新疆博斯腾湖流域绿洲采集195个农田土壤样品,测定其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素的含量,基于地统计法分析农田土壤重金属空间分布规律,采用污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）评价农田土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险程度,并对重金属的来源进行讨论。结果表明：① 博斯腾湖流域农田土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量平均值分别超出新疆土壤背景值的1.67倍、1.13倍、1.15倍、1.29倍、2.11倍和1.65倍。② 农田土壤中8种重金属元素空间分布基本呈现岛状分布格局,各金属元素在部分区域出现高值区,表明研究区人类活动对农田土壤环境具有负面效应。③ 农田土壤Pb呈现中度污染,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn轻度污染,Mn轻微污染,As无污染。农田土壤重金属污染负荷指数的平均值为1.09,呈现轻度污染态势。④ 各重金属元素单项生态风险指数平均值从大到小依次为：Cd、Ni、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn。综合生态风险指数平均值为18.63,处于轻微生态风险态势。从生态风险程度的区域差异来看,各县生态风险指数从大到小依次为：和硕县、博湖县、焉耆县、和静县。⑤ 农田土壤Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni与Zn主要受到土壤地球化学成因的控制,As、Cd和Pb主要受到人类活动的影响。Cd与Pb是研究区主要的污染因子,研究区农田土壤中Cd与Pb污染必须关注。     

连环湖马圈泡沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险

通过对连环湖马圈泡柱状沉积物重金属（Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd）等地球化学指标的分析, 对马圈泡沉积物污染历史进行了讨论。根据元素的变化趋势,结合颗粒组成指标,采用相关分析,富集状况及潜在生态风险评价,并辅以²¹⁰Pb、¹³⁷Cs测年数据,研究了自1937年以来该湖区沉积物重金属元素污染特征、来源、污染历史及污染程度。结果表明,1987年以前各元素含量变化趋势平稳,1987年至今,7种重金属元素含量均明显增加。重金属元素的来源包括自然来源和人为输入。从单向污染系数来看Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Zn属于中等污染强度,Mn、Cd达到了强污染程度;从综合污染系数来看,表层重金属元素主要为中等程度的污染。沉积物重金属污染历史与该区经济发展阶段相吻合可为其湖区生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料。     

Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils

Heavy metal pollution of farmland soils is a serious environmental problem. The accurate estimation of heavy metal pollution levels of farmland soils is very crucial for sustainable agriculture. Concentrations of heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in farmland soils at 186 sampling sites in the Baghrash Lake Basin, NW China, were determined and analyzed based on the pollution index (P_i), the geo-accumulation index (I_geo), the enrichment factor (EF), the ecological risk index (ER), and the environmental risk index (I_er). The results of these five different estimation methods were compared and discussed. The obtained results indicated that the average concentrations of all the heavy metals in the farmland soils of the study area were lower than the Soil Environmental Quality of China (GB 15168-2018) levels, but the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceed the corresponding background values. Significant differences in estimation results existed between the five estimation methods. Based on the identified concentrations, the average P_i, I_geo, and EF values of the heavy metals in farmland soils decreased in the order of: Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni > Cu > As, whereas the average ER values decreased in the order of: Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn, and the average I_er values decreased in the order of: Cd > Cu > Zn > As = Pb > Cr > Ni. The pollution class values with different estimation methods were ranked as: P_i > I_geo = EF > ER = I_er. The obtained results suggest that the most appropriate estimation method and soil background values of farmlands should be used for better understanding the environmental quality of farmland soils. Overall, the EF and ER methods are recommended for assessing heavy metal pollution risks of farmland soils.     

东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属含量分析(英文)

A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City,Guangdong,China. The spatial distribution,sources,accumulation charac-teristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were de-picted in details by three different approaches,including total contents of eight metal ele-ments in soils and vegetables,GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cd and Hg in agricultural soils,and the contents of Pb (65.38 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.24 mg kg-1) are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province,respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu,5.9% of Ni,1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995,Grade Ⅱ ). The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials,and Pb,Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb,As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east,and Cd contents are high in the northwest,southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni,Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Con-taminants in Foods (GB2762-2005) are 4.7%,16.3% and 48.8%,respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd Zn Cu As Ni Hg Cr Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and hu-man's health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City,Guangdong Province.     

Heavy metal concentrations of agricultural soils and vegetables from Dongguan, Guangdong

A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of eight metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb (65.38 mg kg?1) and Hg (0.24 mg kg?1) are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ). The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east, and Cd contents are high in the northwest, southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB2762-2005) are 4.7%, 16.3% and 48.8%, respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human’s health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.     

青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价

对青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中As、Cd、Pb、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn 9种重金属元素的含量进行了分析测定,采用污染系数、富集系数、地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数评估了其污染程度。结果表明：无论在横向还是纵向上,重金属元素含量均低于青海湖土壤背景值;重金属元素污染系数和富集系数均小于2,且大多数样品的值低于1（高于1者多为Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn,且具高值）;地累积指数均为负值（除QB-19中Cd和Cu分别为0.10和0.02）;潜在生态风险因子大多低于30,潜在生态危害指数大多低于70。沙柳河下游沉积物尚未出现重金属污染,具有低的生态风险,但该流域重金属的人为排放确实存在（主要是Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn等）,而且在近代排放更为显著。     

徐闻南山镇红树林沉积物及红树植物中重金属的累积特征与迁移规律

为探究重金属在红树林沉积物及红树植物中的分布累积及迁移规律,选取了徐闻南山镇红树林为研究对象,通过测定红树林沉积物及红树植物不同部位（根、茎、叶）的重金属质量分数,运用富集因子、生物富集系数、转移系数及相关性分析等方法进行分析。结果表明：1）红树林沉积物重金属质量分数表现为铬（Cr）＞锌（Zn）＞镍（Ni）＞铜（Cu）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞汞（Hg）＞镉（Cd）,为中等变异程度;除了镍（Ni）元素外,其余7种重金属未超过国家一级标准,除了铅（Pb）元素外,其余7种重金属均超过广东省土壤环境背景值,说明研究区沉积物中重金属具有一定的积累效应。2）沉积物中砷（As）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）富集因子值均＞1.5,说明受到轻微人为活动影响;各站位镍（Ni）富集因子值均＞5,结合研究区背景,反映了镍（Ni）受到自然和人为输入的共同影响。3）白骨壤体内重金属主要集中在根部,而红海榄体内重金属在根茎叶中分布相对均匀。白骨壤根茎叶部位的大多数重金属质量分数远高于红海榄,说明白骨壤对重金属的吸附能力比红海榄强。汞（Hg）集中分布在植物的叶片部位,且与其他重金属之间相关性不明显;推测汞（Hg）主要通过叶片吸收进入植物体内,与交通运输污染有关。4）不同红树植物对不同重金属富集能力各异,白骨壤对重金属的富集能力表现为：镉（Cd）＞砷（As）＞铜（Cu）＞锌（Zn）＞汞（Hg）＞铅（Pb）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr）,红海榄表现为：镉（Cd）＞铜（Cu）＞汞（Hg）＞锌（Zn）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr）。白骨壤和红海榄对汞（Hg）的运移能力都较强;红海榄对镉（Cd）的富集能力和转运能力都较强,而白骨壤对镉（Cd）富集能力较强,转运能力却较弱,这说明红树植物对重金属元素的富集能力与转运能力不存在正比关系。     

山东省广饶县土壤重金属来源、分布及生态风险

选取山东省广饶县作为研究区,采集300个表层土壤样品（0~20 cm）,测定As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等10种重金属含量;运用多元统计和地统计分析方法揭示广饶县土壤重金属元素的来源与空间分布特征,最后利用H?kanson潜在生态风险指数法评价重金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明：① 研究区土壤中Co和Pb的平均值低于山东省背景值,其他8种元素的平均值均超过山东省背景值;特别是Cd和Hg的平均含量分别达到山东省背景值的1.86倍和2.50倍,说明在土壤中存在明显的富集。② As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni和Zn为自然源,受成土母质控制;Hg为人为源,主要来源于煤炭燃烧和工业排放;Cd和Pb受自然和人为因素共同控制。③ 成土母质控制着As、Cd、 Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的基本分布格局,不同土地利用类型的土壤Hg含量差别较明显,其高值区集中在城镇建设用地。④ 总体上,研究区为中等生态风险的偏高水平,其中Cd和Hg分别为中等和较高生态风险,其余8种元素处于低生态风险。     

北极8种典型痕量金属及3种铂系贵金属浓度水平变化趋势及生态风险

痕量金属进入北极的途径包括洋流注入、大气传输、陆架河流、陆地径流以及海洋中的直接沉降。研究表明,北极区域介质中Pb、Hg与Cd、Zn、Cu水平随着工业化的发展呈现出不同的变化趋势,并且铂系贵金属在北极冰雪中被检测出反映了大范围的全球污染。对北极各海域表层沉积物中的痕量金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn进行生态风险评价发现:As、Cd、Cu很有可能已经对多数海域的海洋生物产生威胁;Hg、甲基汞(MeHg)、Zn在极地动物器官中已出现了食物链累积效应,相关的毒性数据目前还缺乏研究。     

东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属的含量特征分析

从东莞市采集118 个农田土壤样品和43 个蔬菜样品, 测试其中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、 Cd、As 和Hg 等8 种重金属元素的含量, 并结合GIS 制图和数据统计, 对农田土壤中重金属 的空间分布和来源、土壤和蔬菜中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险进行了分析。结果表明, 农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd 和Hg 等元素含量均高于相应元素的广东省土壤背景值, 其中, Pb (65.38 mg kg^-1) 和Hg (0.24 mg kg^-1) 含量分别为其对应背景值的1.82 和2.82 倍。与我国《土壤环境质量标准》中II 级标准(pH < 6.5) 相比, 土壤中Cu、Ni、Cd 和Hg 含量样本超标率分别为3.4%、5.9%、1.7%和28%, 表现为以Hg 为主的多种重金属共同污染。土壤 中8 种重金属中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr 和As 等元素主要来源于成土母质, Pb、Hg 和Cd 等元素主要与人类活动有关。空间分布上, Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、As 和Hg 等7 种重金属含量呈现出西部高、东部低的特点, Cd 含量在西北部和东南部较高, 西南部较低。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2005) 等相关标准比较, 蔬菜中Ni、Pb 和As 含量的样本超标率分别为4.7%、16.3%和48.8%。蔬菜中重金属富集系数的顺序为: Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb。     

长江三角洲地区土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价——以江苏太仓市为例

太仓市表层土壤Zn、Cu属强变异强度,呈对数正态分布;Cd、Ni、Hg、As、Cr和Pb属中等变异强度,呈正态分布。Cu、Hg、Zn、As显著高于当地背景值,以As累积指数和超背景值率最高;8种重金属除As自表层向下递增外,其余元素均为表层向下递减。土壤复合污染严重,土壤潜在生态风险达中等水平,黄泥土生态风险高于沙夹垅;重金属生态风险以印染厂最大,其次为电镀厂和养殖场,产生潜在生态风险为Hg、Cd,而As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb等多属轻微水平。     

Heavy metals and phosphorus in tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), and phosphorous (P) were determined in surface tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary and Shanghai coast. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences among the accumulation of the heavy metals in sediments, following the order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The spatial distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments were closely related to the distribution of pollution resources (outlet of sewage) and the local sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions. The dominated form of non-residual heavy metals is bound to Fe/Mn oxides, and the next form is bound to carbonates. Moreover, contents of total P in sediments range from 18.0 μmol.g-1 to 31.4 μmol.g-1 along the coastline, speciation of P in sediments was different, most of P in tidal flat sediments is associated with calcium phases (as Ca-P) similar to marine sediments.     

施用不同畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属分布特征

针对不同粪便集中施用情况, 选取禹城市3 个畜禽养殖区, 通过采集不同旱地农田土壤剖面样品, 研究典型重金属元素随粪便施用程度的变化、土壤剖面中重金属垂直分布特征以及施用不同畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属分布的差异。结果发现,长期施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As的含量要高于未施用畜禽粪便的对照土壤剖面, 其中Cu、Zn 超过对照组较大;偶尔施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As 的含量低于长期施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面, 且与未施用畜禽粪便的对照土壤剖面相差不大。牛粪集中施用区土壤剖面中Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni 等重金属存在较为明显的淋溶下移性, Hg、As两元素存在较为明显的表层或亚表层聚集现象;猪粪集中施用区土壤剖面各重金属除Cr、Ni 外, 都显示出较为明显的表层或亚表层聚集现象;鸡粪集中施用区的土壤剖面Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni 存在一定的淋溶下移性, 而Zn、Hg、As等3 种元素存在显著表层亚表层聚集现象。长期施用不同畜禽粪便的不同土壤剖面Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb 等含量变化差异明显, 而As、Hg差异性不显著;施牛粪与施鸡粪剖面中的Zn, 施猪粪与施鸡粪剖面中的Cu差异也不显著。     

沅江下游入湖段河床沉积物重金属污染特征

对沅江入湖沉积物进行钻探取样,利用等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对沉积物重金属进行分析。结果表明：重金属Ba、Sc、V、Th、U、Cu、Co、Ni、Cr等在沉积物中含量变化相对稳定,分布相对均匀;而Mn、Zn、Pb、Mo、Cd、Tl、Bi等重金属的含量变化大,分布不均匀。重金属含量柱状剖面变化特征及富集系数（EF值）的计算结果显示：沉积物中Cd达显著富集,而Sc、V、Mn、Pb、Bi等为中等富集程度。沉积物中存在3个重金属富集层,即中下部Pb、Tl、Bi富集层;中上部Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu富集层;浅表部V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Tl、Bi等多种重金属富集层。地累积指数（I_geo）和综合富集指数（EI）评价结果显示：沅江入湖沉积物重金属污染程度自河床深部向浅部,污染程度趋于增强,污染元素组合趋于由Pb-Bi的单一元素组合向由V-Cr-Mn-Ni-Cu-Zn-Pb-Cd-Bi组成的复合元素组合变化。且自上游向下游,沉积物重金属污染程度趋于降低。这种重金属污染空间变化特征与区域人为活动有关,值得进一步研究。     

近60年来星云湖沉积物中重金属污染记录

文章以星云湖08XY-4号钻孔岩芯为研究对象,通过对岩芯的137Cs和210Pb测年和多种元素组分(重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn,成岩组分Fe、Mg、Al、有机质、碳酸盐和烧失量)的含量分析,系统研究了星云湖近60年来底泥中重金属的来源和污染历史,并借助地积累指数法对星云湖的重金属污染程度进行了评定。结果表明20世纪80年代末期以前,星云湖沉积物中元素Cd、Cr、Cu主要为自然来源,之后受当地工业化蓬勃发展的影响,人类活动对湖泊重金属含量的影响显著增强;元素Pb的污染历史早于20世纪50年代,与全球很多区域Pb污染要早于其它多数重金属污染这一现象相似;此外,可能受当地特殊的工业发展历史影响,1973～1991年期间星云湖遭受严重的Zn污染,平均污染指数值达到3.25,按Muller污染指数分级属4级偏重污染。综合来看,当前星云湖的污染程度仍然较轻,但是近期人类活动的影响已明显显现,需要加以重视。     

昆明市街道灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪对昆明市街道灰尘的Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cr和Ni等元素进行了分析,讨论了街道灰尘中重金属含量的水平和空间分布特征;采用潜在生态危害指数法对灰尘中重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:昆明市街道灰尘中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cr和Ni的平均含量分别为166.6、316.53、97.49、20.56、79.41和21.45 mg/kg,与全国土壤背景值相比有较大积累,其中Cu、Zn、Pb和As都达到相对富集类,污染程度较重;重金属元素在旱季有明显积累趋势,雨季相对降低;重金属在工业区含量最高,其次为交通区,其中内城重金属污染源主要来自于汽车交通污染,外城来源于工业污染。灰尘中重金属潜在生态风险处于轻微生态危害水平,且潜在生态风险系数大小顺序为Cu>Zn>As>Pb>Cr>Ni,其中Cu是最主要的生态风险因子。     

高位虾池底质重金属富集特性及污染、生态风险评价

为研究高位虾池养殖导致的环境影响,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS（Agilent7700x型）对海口市东营镇3种类型养殖虾池及其外围沟渠底质中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb质量分数进行检测,用Vario TOC对底质中的TN（总氮）和TOC（有机碳）质量分数进行检测,并对所检测的数值采用单因子污染指数、地积累指数和综合潜在生态风险指数等方法进行分析及评价。结果表明：1）未清洗的虾池底质重金属质量分数呈现L1层向L4层明显递增的规律;2）虾池L1层底质中Cd呈现明显的累积（污染）现象,其质量分数是海南省土壤背景值5.47~35.18倍;3）地积累指数（I_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{o}}）的评价表明,各样地底质中均有2种及以上重金属达到轻度—中等及以上污染程度;4）综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）结果表明,底质RI范围值为176.97~1 090.87,各样地综合潜在生态风险程度均达到中等及以上生态风险,其中Cd是主要的贡献因子;5）Pearson相关分析显示,虾池底质中的饵料残留物及对虾排泄物所含的Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、TOC相互之间具有极显著相关性,相关系数高达0.9以上,表明农户所使用的饵料不同程度地含有以上重金属,同时有机碳是影响底质中重金属富集的重要因素。     

王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn和Cu积累 规律及污染评价

对15年来王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn、Cu积累规律和污染状况进行了研究,第一次测到了王港地区²¹⁰Pb的本底值为1.16dpm/g,校正了前人对王港地区沉积速率的研究。研究表明,王港潮滩现代平均沉积速率为4.13cm/a;王港潮滩重金属垂直方向的含量变化具有趋同性; Cu、Zn的归一化值在15年内相对Pb的归一化值稳定,其中Cu的波动范围在0.4~2之间,Zn在1.5~2.6之间狭小的范围内波动;Pb归一化以后在4个柱状样中,都表现出随时间的变化发生了较大的波动,可能受人类活动影响较大。采用瑞典科学家Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对王港潮滩重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价分析,并与单因子指数评价比较,对王港污染状况进行综合性的评价。结果显示,Pb为该区域的主要污染因子。王港近岸海域表层沉积物中Cｕ 、Pｂ、Zn的潜在生态危害指数均小于95,总体王港潮滩重金属污染状况属于潜在轻微生态危害。     

新疆艾比湖湖泊沉积物元素地球化学记录及其生态环境意义

在对新疆艾比湖近代岩芯沉积物元素地球化学特征分析基础上,结合数理统计学方法对元素的来源及其反映的环境演变历史进行了探讨,最后利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对岩芯表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评估。结果表明：艾比湖岩芯沉积物中元素组成基本可以分为3类：第1类元素包括Fe、Mn、V、Ni、Li、Cr、K、Al、Co、P、Ti、Be、Pb、Cu、Ba和Zn,主要来源于流域陆源碎屑物,受流域侵蚀强度等因素影响,其中,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等重金属以及营养元素P的富集系数1875-2011年由于受人类活动影响发生了较为明显的变化;结合重金属和营养元素P的富集系数有序聚类分析,以23 cm（1960年）为界可将艾比湖流域环境演变历史分为差异明显的两个阶段：（Ⅰ）1875-1960年,流域社会发展程度较低,人类活动导致的重金属输入少,流域环境主要受区域自然变化的影响;（Ⅱ）1960年至今,随着人口的增加,经济发展工农业活动增强,尤其是农业用水量增加,大多数重金属元素和P相对于前期有较为明显的增加。第2类元素有Mg和Na,主要来源于湖泊水中蒸发盐类结晶;由于绿洲农业的发展和灌溉用水的增加,在气候变化和人类活动的共同影响下,湖泊水位发生了剧烈的波动,造成Mg、Na等元素的波动变化。第3类元素包括Ca和Sr,受流域易溶元素风化淋溶作用控制。艾比湖沉积物中Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等7种重金属的潜在生态危害程度Ni（4.7） > Pb（4.6） > Cu（4.2） > Co（2.6） > Cr（1.7）=V（1.7） > Zn（1.1）,7种重金属均属于低生态风险。     

Contaminations of Heavy Metals in Surface Soils of Various Lands and Their Health Risks in Tianjin Qilihai Ancient Lagoon Wetlands,China

A total of 36 surface soil profiles were set at the wetlands in Qilihai Ancient Lagoon Wetlands,Tianjin,the surface soils of 0-20 cm depth were sampled at various use types of lands to provide information on the concentrations of heavy metals in the coastal wetlands.Total concentrations of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu),lead(Pb),chromium(Cr)and zinc(Zn)were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry(ICP-AES)to address the pollution levels in the sampling sites.The results showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cu in the soils disturbed by human activities intensively,the Phragmites australis marshes,the farmland,the brushes decreased in turn;among the sites,the concentrations of As,Cd and Cu were the highest in the soil of build-up areas,while the concentrations of Pb and Zn were the higher in the soil of farmland.The mean concentrations of Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Zn and As in the soils of 0-20 cm depth were 38.74 mg/kg,83.52 mg/kg,0.19 mg/kg,34.27 mg/kg,121.7 mg/kg and 18.77 mg/kg,respectively.The contamination indices of As were on the high pollution level in the soils of farmland and disturbed by human activities intensively;the concentrations of Cd in the soils of the marshes and farmland were at the moderate pollution level,while that in the soil disturbed by human activities intensively was at high pollution level.The values of comprehensive contamination index demonstrated that the variation of As contents was the maximum in the soils,Cd pollution reached to a high level.Geoaccumulation index showed that As pollution was at moderate level,and Cd,Cu and Zn pollution were at slight level,and the Pb and Cr pollution wasn't found in the build-up areas.