结合NSCT和KPCA的高光谱遥感图像去噪

针对高光谱遥感图像易受噪声干扰,本文提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换NSCT(Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)和核主成分分析KPCA(Kernel Principal Component Analysis)的去噪方法。首先对高光谱各波段图像进行NSCT分解;然后利用KPCA对NSCT系数进行处理,并在KPCA重构时依据各类噪声的特性选取合适的主成分;最后用处理过的系数进行逆变换得到去噪图像。实验结果表明,本文方法抑制了高光谱遥感图像中的噪声干扰,较完整地保留了原始数据的有效信息。     

Automated Target Detection and Discrimination Using Constrained Kurtosis Maximization

Exploiting hyperspectral imagery without prior information is a challenge. Under this circumstance, unsupervised target detection becomes an anomaly detection problem. We propose an effective algorithm for target detection and discrimination based on the normalized fourth central moment named kurtosis, which can measure the flatness of a distribution. Small targets in hyperspectral imagery contribute to the tail of a distribution, thus making it heavier. The Gaussian distribution is completely determined by the first two order statistics and has zero kurtosis. Consequently, kurtosis measures the deviation of a distribution from the background and is suitable for anomaly/target detection. When imposing appropriate inequality constraints on the kurtosis to be maximized, the resulting constrained kurtosis maximization (CKM) algorithm will be able to quickly detect small targets with several projections. Compared to the widely used unconstrained kurtosis maximization algorithm, i.e., fast independent component analysis, the CKM algorithm may detect small targets with fewer projections and yield a slightly higher detection rate.     

基于主成分抑制的高光谱图像异常目标检测方法

高光谱图像异常目标检测主要用于检测图像中的区别于背景环境的异常目标,为图像目标的判读提供一个初步的判断,是高光谱图像应用的一个重要内容。本文在研究现有异常目标检测算法的基础上,采用基于主成分抑制和顶点成分分析相结合的方法,对实验图像中的异常目标进行了检测,取得了较好的效果。     

A local Mahalanobis-distance method based on tensor decomposition for hyperspectral anomaly detection

Recently, some tensor decomposition-based algorithms are proposed and performed well for hyperspectral anomaly detection (AD). This paper proposes a tensor decomposition-based local Mahalanobis-distance (Tensor-LMD) method for hyperspectral AD. First, a three-order tensor is employed to represent hyperspectral data-set and the Tucker decomposition technology is used to decompose such tensor into a core tensor and three factor matrices. Then, the minor PCs are used to eliminate anomaly and noise information along each mode and the more pure background data-set is obtained. Finally, the sliding dual-window strategy is used for both the background data-set and the original hyperspectral data-set, and the local Mahalanobis-distance detector is employed for the final results. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Tensor-LMD can achieve a better performance when compared with the comparison algorithms.     

独立成分分析的高光谱异常变化检测

遥感探测到的小目标信号一般是弱信号,利用传统的高光谱异常变化检测方法直接抑制背景来突出异常变化目标,往往导致小目标弱信号同时被抑制,造成目标探测率低、虚警率高。基于独立成分分析方法,研究了弱信号小目标的高光谱变化检测模型,该模型首先通过投影寻踪将异常变化影像投影到独立成分,突出异常变化目标,然后再抑制背景,从而达到异常变化目标和背景的有效分离。该模型可以有效降低虚警率,提高探测率。利用模拟数据和真实数据进行了精度验证,结果表明,利用模拟数据得到的探测精度为99%,利用真实数据得到的检测精度为86%,与传统异常变化检测算法相比,精度最高提高了9%。本文研究方法适用于弱信号小目标的高光谱异常变化检测。     

基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的应用

运用基于波段间相关性的高光谱影像波段选取方法进行波段的预选取．采用投影寻踪的方法在动力演化算法的基础上寻找最佳投影方向．将高维数据投影至低维数据空间．在各投影分量图像上采用零点检测阈值化的方法进行异常目标的提取。实验结果表明了基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的有效性。     

高光谱图像波段选择的改进二进制布谷鸟算法

波段选择是高光谱遥感图像分类的重要前提，本文提出了一种用于高光谱遥感图像波段选择的改进二进制布谷鸟算法，通过使用混合二进制编码算法更新子代鸟巢和使用遗传算法交叉方式更新被发现鸟巢两个方面对二进制布谷鸟算法进行改进，找出在图像中起主要作用且相关性低的波段，实现对高光谱遥感图像降维。将本文算法运用于PaviaU数据集和AVIRIS数据集，并与二进制布谷鸟算法、二进制粒子群算法、最小冗余最大相关算法、Relief算法等进行对比分析。结果表明，改进二进制布谷鸟算法波段特征选择效率更高，且选取的波段更具代表性，能够较好地提高后续分类精度。     

Hyperspectral image noise reduction based on rank-1 tensor decomposition

In this study, a novel noise reduction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is proposed based on high-order rank-1 tensor decomposition. The hyperspectral data cube is considered as a three-order tensor that is able to jointly treat both the spatial and spectral modes. Subsequently, the rank-1 tensor decomposition (R1TD) algorithm is applied to the tensor data, which takes into account both the spatial and spectral information of the hyperspectral data cube. A noise-reduced hyperspectral image is then obtained by combining the rank-1 tensors using an eigenvalue intensity sorting and reconstruction technique. Compared with the existing noise reduction methods such as the conventional channel-by-channel approaches and the recently developed multidimensional filter, the spatial–spectral adaptive total variation filter, experiments with both synthetic noisy data and real HSI data reveal that the proposed R1TD algorithm significantly improves the HSI data quality in terms of both visual inspection and image quality indices. The subsequent image classification results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed HSI noise reduction algorithm.     

A Gaussian elimination based fast endmember extraction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery

A fast endmember-extraction algorithm based on Gaussian Elimination Method (GEM) is proposed in this paper under the fact that a pixel is an endmember if it has the maximum value in any spectral band of a hyperspectral image when based on linear mixing model. Applying Gaussian elimination is much like performing a lower triangular matrix to transform the hyperspectral image. As more endmembers have been extracted, fewer bands are needed to be involved in the Gaussian elimination process, thus greatly reducing the computing time. The experimental results with both simulated and real hyperspectral images indicate that the method proposed here is much faster than the vertex component analysis (VCA) method, and can provide a similar performance with VCA.     

融合空谱特征和集成超限学习机的高光谱图像分类

为提高高光谱图像的分类精度,提出了一种融合空谱特征和集成超限学习机的高光谱图像分类方法。首先结合每个像素邻域的光谱信息提取空谱特征向量;考虑到高光谱相邻波段信息具有一定的相关性,先对提取的特征向量进行平均分组,然后从每个区间随机选择若干个波段进行组合,采用具有快速学习能力的超限学习机训练分类器。为提高分类模型的泛化能力,基于集成学习思想,对提取的空谱特征进行多次抽样,训练得到多个弱分类器,最后采用投票表决法得到用于高光谱图像分类的强分类器。采用3个典型高光谱数据进行了分类试验,试验结果表明,提出的算法总体分类精度较优,尤其当训练样本数较少时能取得较高的分类精度。提出的算法具有可调参数少、训练速度快、分类精度高等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

波段选择协同表达高光谱异常探测算法

高光谱遥感影像具有光谱分辨率极高的特点,承载了大量可区分不同类型地物的诊断性光谱信息以及区分亚类相似地物之间细微差别的光谱信息,在目标探测领域具有独特的优势。与此同时,高光谱遥感影像也带来了数据维数高、邻近波段之间存在大量冗余信息的问题,高维度的数据结构往往使得高光谱影像异常目标类和背景类之间的可分性降低。为了缓解上述问题,本文提出了一种基于波段选择的协同表达高光谱异常探测算法。首先,使用最优聚类框架对高光谱波段进行选择,获得一组波段子集来表示原有的全部波段,使得高光谱影像异常目标类与背景类之间的可分性增强。然后使用协同表达对影像上的像元进行重建,由于异常目标类和背景类之间的可分性增强,对异常目标像元进行协同表达时将会得到更大的残差,异常目标像元的输出值增大,可以更好地实现异常目标和背景类的分离。本文使用了3组高光谱影像数据进行异常目标探测实验,实验结果表明,该方法与其他现有高光谱异常目标探测算法对比,曲线下面积AUC(Area Under Curve)值更高,可以更好地实现异常目标与背景分离,能够更有效地对高光谱影像进行异常目标探测。     

多层级二值模式的高光谱影像空-谱分类

利用高光谱遥感影像的空间纹理特征，可以提高高光谱遥感影像的分类精度。提出了一种多层级二值模式的高光谱影像空-谱联合分类方法。该方法将高光谱影像转化为局部二值模式特征图像获取像元微观特征，基于特征图像生成多层级特征向量获取像元宏观特征。为验证该方法的有效性，选取PaviaU、Salinas和Chikusei高光谱影像数据，利用核极限学习机分类器，分别针对光谱、局部二值模式、多层级二值模式等特征开展实验。结果表明，多层级二值模式空-谱分类总体精度分别达到97.31%、98.96%和97.85%，明显优于传统光谱、3Gabor空-谱等分类方法。该方法可为高光谱影像分类提供更加有效的类别判定特征，有助于提高影像分类精度并获取更加平滑的分类结果图。     

基于分段主成分分析的高光谱图像波段选择算法研究

提出了一种基于分段主成分分析的高光谱图像波段选择算法。该算法把每个波段被映射到主成分的信息量的大小作为是否被选择的指标,可以保证选择的波段信息丰富；通过分段分析,可以更全面的选择波段；指标的计算只需要得到原始数据的协方差阵,而不必对原始数据进行真正的主成分变换,降低了计算量。     

Small target extraction based on independent component analysis for hyperspectral imagery

A small target detection approach based on independent component analysis for hyperspectral data is put forward. In this algorithm, firstly the fast independent component analysis(FICA) is used to collect target information hided in high-dimensional data and projects them into low-dimensional space. Secondly, the feature images are selected with kurtosis. At last, small targets are extracted with histogram image segmentation which has been labeled by skewness.     

Small target extraction based on independent component analysis for hyperspectral imagery

IntroductionFeature extraction or transformation is a key stepfor target detection in hyperspectral imagery. Thepurpose is to transform the high-dimensional imageinto low-dimensional image series so that the differ-ences between the targets and the backgr…     

显著性权重RX高光谱异常点检测

高光谱图像异常点检测中,传统RX异常点检测算法忽略了空间相关性,背景估计不准确。本文提出了一种基于图像局部邻域光谱显著性分析的加权RX算法。该算法通过引入图像显著性分析,对基于概率密度为权重的图像背景建模进行改进,建立光谱显著性权重图,重新定义RX算法中的均值向量和协方差矩阵,并给不同的目标赋予不同的权值,达到优化背景估计的目的。利用合成高光谱数据和真实高光谱数据进行异常点检测实验,结果表明,对于同一组数据,本文算法检测到的异常点数比传统算法多,虚警率较低,有效地提高了检测率。     

空间与谱间相关性分析的NMF高光谱解混

非负矩阵分解(NMF)技术是高光谱像元解混领域的研究热点。为了充分利用高光谱图像中丰富的空间与光谱相关性特征,改善基于NMF的高光谱解混算法性能,提出一种结合了空间与谱间相关性分析的NMF解混算法。算法针对NMF的通用性和局部极小问题,引入并结合高光谱图像两种典型的相关性特征,具体包括:基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型,建立描述相邻像元空间相关特征的约束;通过复杂度映射技术,建立描述相邻波段谱间相关(光谱分段平滑)特征的约束;并将上述两种约束同时引入NMF解混目标函数中。实验结果表明,对于一般自然地物场景或人造地物场景,相对于分段平滑和稀疏约束的非负矩阵分解(PSNMFSC)、交互投影子梯度的非负矩阵分解(APSNMF)和最小体积约束的非负矩阵分解(MVCNMF)这3种代表性NMF解混参考算法,该算法可进一步提高高光谱解混精度;对于空间相关或谱间相关特征中某一种不显著的特殊场景,也具有更好的适应能力。通过将空间相关和谱间相关特征相结合,较全面地反映了高光谱数据与解混相关的重要特征,能够对绝大多数真实高光谱数据进行高精度解混,对高光谱解混及后续应用领域相关研究均具有参考价值。     

Anomaly Detection from Hyperspectral Images Using Clustering Based Feature Reduction

An anomaly detection method with a clustering based feature reduction is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the Local RX detector. Because of high dimensionality of hyperspectral image and the low number of available samples in each local region around each testing pixel, the estimate of local covariance matrix is not possible. So, because of singularity problem, Local RX cannot use the local covariance matrix and misses the local structures of data to model the background clutter. To deal with this problem, a supervised clustering based feature reduction is introduced for extraction of background features with minimum overlap and redundant information. In the projected feature space with reduced dimensionality, the local structures of background pixels are estimated to efficiently model the background data. The experiments done on both synthetic and real hyperspectral images show the superior detection performance of the proposed method with a relatively high speed.     

Hyperion高光谱影像坏线修复的局部空间-光谱相似性测度方法

Hyperion高光谱影像中的坏线将直接影响后续应用的准确性。针对Hyperion高光谱辐射率数据的特点,考虑影像中坏线像元与邻近像元在空间和光谱上的相似性,提出了一种局部空间-光谱相似性测度（local spectral-spatial similarity measure,LS₃M）,以实现对Hyperion高光谱数据的描述和坏线修复。LS₃M由空间和光谱两部分的相似性测度构成,前者为欧氏距离度量,后者组合了Canberra距离和光谱相关角（spectral correlation angle,SCA）。考虑到Hyperion高光谱不同波段的辐射率特性,引入信息熵对SCA进行约束。针对相似像元的邻近搜索问题,引入相似度均值与方差对光谱相似性阈值进行动态调整。为验证该方法的有效性,选取了沙漠、草原、森林、城郊、沿海城市和内陆城市6种典型场景的Hyperion高光谱数据进行模拟坏线的定量误差分析和真实坏线的定性评价;通过与邻域均值法及常规光谱相似性测度的对比,证实LS₃M法坏线修复精度更高,稳定性更好。     

判别流形学习算法的高光谱数据降维与树种识别

高光谱遥感影像的波段光谱特征是各类地物内在物理化学性质的反映,在对不同地物进行分类与识别时具有巨大潜能,但由于其波段多造成的信息冗余,需要对高光谱数据进行有效降维,以提高高光谱影像的分类准确度。本文提出了基于判别局部片排列的流形学习算法（DLA）对Hypersion高光谱数据进行降维,通过对局部样本数据进行流形学习框架内的优化训练,将原始光谱特征空间转换为低维的最优判别流形子空间,然后在该子空间内利用最大似然分类器对Hypersion影像中的每个像素进行分类,并与主成分分析（PCA）、原始光谱特征（spectral）降维方法的分类效果进行比较。结果表明,DLA能够有效提高高光谱数据的分类准确度,对不同树种分类取得了满意效果。