内蒙古北山造山带百合山地区350 Ma石英闪长岩的成因及对红石山-百合山洋俯冲时限的制约

对内蒙古白山岩浆弧内百合山石英闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素及岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,该岩体的形成年龄为350.8±1.5 Ma,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值在5.28～9.88之间,模式年龄为724～1018 Ma。地球化学数据显示,百合山石英闪长岩为一套I型钙碱性系列岩石,富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=6.03%～6.96%),富钠(Na_2O/K_2O2),较低的Mg~#(35.48～39.78)、Ni(2.06×10~(-6)～5.54×10~(-6))和Cr(2.11×10~(-6)～7.93×10~(-6))含量。相对富集轻稀土元素,重稀土分馏不明显,较低的(La/Yb)_N值(4.28～5.60),无明显Eu异常,相对富集Rb、K、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素等,地球化学成分表明,石英闪长岩具有俯冲带成因的特征。石英闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石成因证明了350 Ma石英闪长岩是晚古生代白山岩浆弧内首次发现的可以明确与红石山-百合山洋俯冲消减作用有关的最早的弧岩浆记录。表明红石山-百合山洋于约350 Ma之前就已经开始发生俯冲消减,比前人一般认为的俯冲开始的时间提前了22 Ma。     

东昆仑东段哈日扎石英闪长岩时代、成因及其地质意义

哈日扎石英闪长岩出露于东昆仑造山带东段,该地区构造和岩浆活动强烈。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得哈日扎石英闪长岩年龄为(239.3±2.2)Ma,形成时代为中三叠世,属印支期。石英闪长岩中含镁铁质暗色包体,石英闪长岩w(SiO_2)为61.34%~63.07%,w(Al2O3)为16.12%~16.55%,K_2O/Na_2O比值为0.75~0.82,显示低钾富钠特点,里特曼指数为1.45~1.56,在w(K_2O)-w(Na_2O)关系图上落入中高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK=0.92~0.95,属于准铝质岩石;稀土元素总量(∑REE=108.38×10~(-6)~124.51×10~(-6))变化不大,为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的右倾型。δEu为0.69~0.73,负铕异常明显。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,岩石富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素、LREE和不相容元素(如U),相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,指示具有弧岩浆特征,Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta比值介于壳幔之间,反映具有壳幔混合成因。结合区域地质背景,认为哈日扎石英闪长岩形成于三叠纪早期俯冲阶段,与阿尼玛卿洋俯冲作用有关。     

吉林中部江密峰花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征

为研究吉林中部地区早燕山期岩浆作用,并限制古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的起始时间,笔者对吉林中部江密峰花岗闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究。花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年结果为(179±1)Ma,为早侏罗世岩浆作用的产物。地球化学研究表明,岩石富SiO_2、Na_2O、K_2O、Al_2O_3和TFe_2O_3,低MgO和CaO,为准铝质-高钾钙碱性,高分异I型花岗岩。岩石富集LREEs、LILEs(Rb、K)和HFSEs(Th),亏损HREEs、LILEs(Ba、Sr)和HFSEs(Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr),具有Eu负异常。岩石的形成经历了壳幔物质在源区混合形成原始岩浆,随后这一壳幔混源岩浆又经历高程度分异演化的二阶段成岩过程。结合相邻地区同时代火成岩的岩石组合特征与空间分布,笔者认为岩石形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚板块下俯冲引起的弧后伸展环境。     

青藏高原南羌塘荣玛晚侏罗世闪长岩:班公湖——怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲产物

班公湖—怒江特提斯洋的演化一直以来备受关注,对于其俯冲极性存在不同认识。报道在青藏高原南羌塘荣玛地区新发现的晚侏罗世闪长岩年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素特征。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,岩石形成于149.7±0.8Ma,时代为晚侏罗世。岩石呈富碱,低Mg O、TFe O、Ca O,富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素。锆石εHf(t)值为正值,并且具有较大的变化范围(+4.26~+9.29),指示岩浆来源于幔源和壳源岩浆的混合。结合区域地质背景认为,荣玛地区晚侏罗世闪长岩为班公湖—怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲所引起的幔源和壳源岩浆混合作用的产物。     

甘肃北山双峰山花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS定年及其构造意义

为了确定双峰山花岗闪长岩的形成时代、岩体成因及形成环境,对其开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素的研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明双峰山花岗闪长岩的形成时代为334.8±2.1 Ma(MSWD=1.2)。岩石具较高的SiO_2(55.42%～65.53%)、Al_2O_3(14.84%～17.53%)和Na_2O+K_2O(7.42%～8.32%)含量,K_2O/Na_2O值为0.16～0.29,为钙碱性、准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、K、Nd、Zr、Hf元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Sm、Ti元素。Nb/La值(0.41～1.01)、Hf/Th值(0.80～1.15)接近典型岛弧岩浆岩。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.706 0～0.709 5)和εNd(t)值(-0.22～+0.52)显示出壳幔相互作用的特点。结合区域地质研究表明,双峰山花岗闪长岩源于中元古代晚期形成的玄武质下地壳,是早石炭世玄武岩浆底侵作用下发生部分熔融的产物,形成于活动大陆边缘,是辉铜山-帐房山蛇绿岩所代表的弧后盆地北向俯冲的响应。     

黑龙江东部海音山花岗闪长岩年龄、岩石成因及构造背景

对黑龙江东部海音山林场地区花岗闪长岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以确定其形成时代,源区性质和构造背景。花岗闪长岩锆石年代学研究表明其形成于早白垩世(128±1 Ma和126±1 Ma)。岩石地球化学研究显示,花岗闪长岩富SiO_2(67.31%~70.19%)、Al_2O_3(13.72%~15.52%)、K_2O(3.01%~4.06%)、Na_2O(2.92%~3.81%),贫CaO(2.03%~3.04%)、FeO和MgO,属于高钾钙碱性岩系列。富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、K)、轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、P)。岩浆源区为镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融所形成。结合区域同时代岩浆岩的研究成果,认为海音山花岗闪长岩形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲下的火山弧环境。     

哀牢山构造带南段马玉花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及其锆石U-Pb年龄

对云南墨江县马玉花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,马玉花岗闪长岩年龄为263.6±2.4Ma,形成于晚二叠世。岩石地球化学显示,马玉花岗闪长岩SiO_2含量为59.56%～70.50%,全碱(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为5.16%～7.92%,且Na2OK_2O;岩石富集轻稀土元素,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.84～1.32),相对富集Sc、Hf,相对贫化Sr、Zr、Th、U。构造环境判别图解显示,马玉花岗闪长岩形成于碰撞期后板内构造环境,说明哀牢山构造带的古特提斯支洋或弧后盆地在晚二叠世(263.6±2.4Ma)已经闭合。     

青藏高原古特提斯洋早石炭世弧后拉张:来自A型花岗岩的证据

本文报道了羌塘中部冈玛错钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。钾长花岗岩中的锆石具岩浆生长环带,未见继承的老核,并且锆石Th/U比值大于0.5(0.58~1.05),显示出典型岩浆成因的锆石特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果为352.4±1.9Ma,表明其形成时代为早石炭世。钾长花岗岩富硅(Si O_2=74.17%~77.88%),低铝(Al2O3=10.50%~11.98%),贫镁(Mg O=0.23%~0.36%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=5.74%~7.24%),Na_2OK_2O,K_2O/Na_2O=0.53~0.71,A/CNK=0.87~1.06,富集轻稀土元素和Zr、Hf、Rb、Th和U等元素,亏损Sr、Eu、P和Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.12~4.14,显示出A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩中锆石的εHf(t)值和Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄分别变化于+4.40~+12.14和549~985Ma,显示出正的、不均一的同位素组成,可能形成于壳-幔混合作用,其中幔源端元应当是伸展环境下上涌的地幔岩浆,而壳源端元则可能是扬子板块新元古代的新生地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗岩可能形成于古特提斯洋壳对羌北-昌都板块北向俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

辽东宽甸东北沟钼矿二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征

东北沟钼矿是辽宁宽甸地区近些年发现的大型隐爆角砾岩型钼矿床。文章首次对东北沟钼矿床赋矿围岩二长花岗岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,主量元素、微量元素和Hf同位素地球化学研究,锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,二长花岗岩形成年龄为(129.4±0.3)Ma(MSWD=0.83),为燕山期构造岩浆活动产物。地球化学成分上,岩石具有富硅(SiO_2=62.21%~83.21%)、高钾(K_2O/Na_2O=3.35~20.27)和富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5.82%~12.23%)的特点,属于钾玄岩系列。岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=10.26~24.21),亏损重稀土元素,具有弱负铕异常(δEu=0.63~1.07),富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Pb)和不相容元素(如Th、U)的特征,相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、P、Ti)。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,东北沟钼矿二长花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值为介于-12.4~-8.5,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))介于442~1610 Ma,反映岩浆源区可能来源于中元古界古老地壳的再熔融。结合区域构造演化,成岩成矿构造背景为早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚之下俯冲,岩石圈减薄的构造环境。     

北山独龙包地区晚石炭世陆缘弧岩浆作用——花岗闪长岩锆石U Pb年龄及地球化学证据

本文报道了北山地区独龙包南花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩地球化学,以确定其形成时代、岩石成因及构造环境。花岗闪长岩中的锆石呈短柱状或近等轴粒状,具典型的振荡环带,Th/U值介于0.42~0.75之间,指示岩浆成因。对岩浆锆石的定年结果显示,独龙包南花岗闪长岩形成于303.4±2.1 Ma。该期花岗闪长岩的Si O2含量为63.73%~69.12%,Na_2O=3.69%~4.03%,K_2O=2.23%~2.73%,全碱(Na_2O+K_2O)为6.08%~6.44%,Al2O3含量较高(14.83%~15.89%),K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.74,A/NCK=0.91~0.99;该区花岗闪长岩富集轻稀土(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti,且轻重稀土元素分馏较强,(La/Yb)N变化于4.77~6.35,具有弱的负铕异常,δEu为0.79~0.94。上述特征表明,该期花岗闪长岩属于准铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩,岩浆源区为下地壳,受到地幔物质的混染,形成构造背景为陆缘弧。结合邻区特征,得出红石山—百合山—蓬勃山蛇绿岩带代表的洋盆于晚石炭世可能发生了南北双向俯冲。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。