特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应解析的理论框架及技术路径

特大城市群地区是国家经济发展的战略核心区和国家新型城镇化的主体区,担当着世界经济重心转移承载地的历史重任,但在发展过程中面临着日益严重的资源与生态环境的胁迫压力。开展特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应的研究,是未来10 年地球系统科学研究的前沿领域和高优先研究主题。本文系统解析了特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应的基本理论框架。首先从理论上分析了特大城市群系统各自然要素和人文要素交互作用的非线性耦合关系及耦合特征,科学辨识近远程主控要素作用下城市群系统内外部各要素相互作用的胁迫强度、近远程耦合机理与规律,总结特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合圈理论,进一步构建多要素—多尺度—多情景—多模块—多智能体集成的时空耦合动力学模型,研发特大城市群地区可持续发展优化智能调控决策支持系统;其次从方法上将特大城市群地区视为一个开放的复杂巨系统,在建立同一标准化共享数据库的基础上,采用多要素—多目标—多模型—多情景环境下的城镇化与生态环境交互耦合集成技术方法、大数据支持下的城镇化与生态环境交互耦合技术方法,构建多尺度—多技术—多智能体集成的城镇化与生态环境交互耦合技术框架,按照分析时空演变特征—寻求主控要素—辨识耦合关系—揭示胁迫机制—发现耦合规律—筛选调控变量—求解临界阈值—进行调控试验—完成情景模拟—提出优化方案—完成情景模拟—提出优化方案—实现国家目标这样一条技术路径,提出解 决问题的整体优化方案。本文旨在为特大城市群地区由问题集中区转为可持续发展区提供理论指导和方法支撑。     

重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析

本文以重庆市为研究对象,采用耦合分析法,通过分析新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力主要指标,构建新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合协调模型,计算2000-2012年重庆市及各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合度,评价重庆市新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力耦合阶段及水平,分析生态环境承载力与新型城镇化发展质量的耦合分类,为探索可持续发展的城镇化道路提供数据参考。结果显示：2000-2012年,① 重庆全市耦合度处于在0.967~1.000之间,显示出重庆市的新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合阶段处在高水平耦合时期;② 重庆市区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合度分布基本符合“一圈两翼”的空间分异规律,耦合度范围在0.884~1.000之间,也处于生态环境与城镇化质量高耦合时期;③ 但重庆市各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力存在明显区域差异,尤其是生态环境承载力指数的空间差异比较明显,根据耦合状况可以大致分为4种区县耦合类型。表明重庆市快速城镇化的后果导致都市区生态压力增大,生态承载力空间差异显著的现实将导致原有城镇化发展方式面临不可维系局面,亟需调整城镇化发展方式;发展新型城镇化应通过优化资源利用方式,调整产业空间布局和升级产业达到疏导人口分布和提升城镇化发展质量的目的,最终缓解生态环境因城镇化快速发展带来的压力。     

西北地区水资源环境与城市化系统耦合的时空分异——以西陇海兰新经济带甘肃段为例

水资源是城市化与生态环境协调发展的重要限制因子,研究西北地区水资源环境与城市化系统耦合的时空分异规律,对于区域水资源、生态环境和社会经济系统可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。采用GRA方法,以西陇海兰新经济带甘肃段为例,从时空角度定量揭示了甘肃段水资源环境与城市化系统耦合的时空分异规律,结果表明:(1)时间序列上整体呈波动下降趋势,表现为类似组合"S"型特征;空间上随人口城市化水平的提高,耦合度亦表现出与时间序列类似特征;时空耦合度相互印证,说明系统符合"各态遍历假说;"(2)不同阶段甘肃段各城市耦合度表现出较大差异,具有复杂的空间结构:以兰州市为中心向外耦合度"先升高后减小",表明水资源环境与城市化系统耦合度的高低不仅取决于城市自身发展等内部因素,而且与城市之间的区域差异、区域联系等外部因素有关。基于以上认知,在解决区域水资源环境与城市化关系问题时,除有效提高城市水资源环境适应及调控能力之外,还要协调好区域之间的关系,构建区域利益共同体以达到"双赢"的目的,这为落后地区解决发展中的资源环境问题提供了新的思路。     

地质生态环境与城市化关联性研究——以重庆市为例

地质生态环境是承载城市的重要物质基础,与城市发展存在极其复杂的关系,从时间和空间层面上对二者演进趋势、时序规律和空间分异差异进行归纳和认识有助于促进地质生态环境与城市化协调发展。首先构建地质生态环境与城市化的指标评价体系,利用SPSS21.0软件分别获得了1990—2015年重庆市地质生态环境与城市化评价指标的主成分权重系数,及2015年重庆市38个区县若干地质生态环境指标水平与人口密度、人均GDP、城市空间发展强度、工业综合能耗等城市化指标水平的皮尔逊相关系数。借助关联耦合分析方法,从时间和空间层面获得了重庆市地质生态环境与城市化的关联度、耦合度和协调度大小。结果表明:经济城市化和绿化生态水平分别对城市化系统和地质生态环境系统的贡献份额最大; 1990—2015年重庆市地质生态环境与城市化的耦合协调水平呈现持续增长态势,关联度、耦合度和协调度从低关联—低水平耦合—严重不协调—城市化发展滞后,过渡到高关联—高水平耦合—高级协调—地质生态环境滞后阶段; 2015年重庆市38个区县地质生态环境与城市化的关联度、耦合度和协调度都存在显著的分区差异,渝西较发达地区的耦合协调程度普遍高于渝东北和渝东南远郊欠发达地区,区域经济发展水平与耦合度、协调度存在很大的空间对应关系。正确辨识地质生态环境与城市化耦合协调关系的时空演化规律和特征,通过城市规划的主动干预作用,采取适当的城市发展政策和环境保护战略对促进地质生态环境与城市化的协调可持续发展具有重要意义。     

洞庭湖区旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性时空格局及影响因素

基于旅游产业、城镇化和生态环境耦合协调作用机理，运用耦合协调模型分析洞庭湖区2000—2018年17个县域旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性的时空格局及影响因素。结果表明：① 时序特征上，近20 a来耦合度和协调度呈现同步上升态势，两者均出现“一波三折”过程变化特点。耦合度增强的同时，协调度也随之增强，但滞后于耦合度的变化，协调水平有待提升。② 空间格局上，协调度与耦合度均呈现出“中部低、四周高”的分布特点。17个县域2个典型年份的耦合度和协调度出现了不同类型的转变，高层次耦合类型和协调类型的县域集中分布在洞庭湖外围地区，低层次的县域则集中分布在洞庭湖中部地区。③ 耦合协调类型的空间组合差异明显，由低层次向高层次转变的县域达到9个，组合类型的空间分布格局与耦合度和协调度的分异特征基本相似。④ 相关分析表明，协调度与表征旅游产业发展水平、城镇化发展水平和生态环境治理水平因子的较强相关性是形成这种时空分异格局的主要影响因素。     

城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型研究进展

按照地理学科发展趋势,对城镇化与生态环境耦合的研究将由定量描述转入动态模拟。目前,城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型呈现多元化。论文系统梳理了其中4类常见的动态模拟模型,包括城镇化与生态环境耦合系统动力学模型、基于人工智能算法的城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型、基于土地利用变化的城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型以及基于多模型集成的城镇化与生态环境耦合复合模型。主要结论如下：系统动力学模型被广泛应用于城市复杂系统、城市转型和可持续发展以及城镇化与生态环境单要素耦合的动态模拟之中,但存在空间解释不足以及忽视系统自适应性等问题;人工智能算法(ANN和BN)在自学习、自组织、自适应系统或不确定性系统模拟中具有显著优势,并被应用于城市扩张、环境变化、资源需求以及生态脆弱性的识别之中,但应用面相对狭窄且限制条件偏多;土地利用变化模型(CLUE/CLUE-S、CA和MAS)局限于从土地城镇化视角模拟城镇化与生态环境耦合;基于多模型集成的复合模型实现了各模型之间的优势互补,已成为城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型的发展趋势。今后,应从技术和理论2个层面实现城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型的进一步发展,并加强对微观过程的模拟。     

珠三角地区城市化与生态环境协调发展的动态耦合分析——以珠海市为例

城市化与生态环境协调发展是影响城市可持续发展的重要方面.为了总结珠三角地区城市化与生态环境协调发展的经验,以珠海市为研究对象,首先,在构建城市化与生态环境指标体系的基础上,利用主成分法综合评价珠海城市化和生态环境水平.其次,根据城市化与生态环境耦合含义和规律,引入动态耦合模型,探讨复合系统耦合度的时间变化特征.结果表明:1996-2011年,珠海市城市化与生态环境水平显著提高;耦合度的变化呈现出先大后小、再变大的“U”型形状,依据其变化特点将其划分为两个阶段.最后,通过分析耦合度变化的原因,为其他城市提供可借鉴的经验.     

辽宁省经济与生态环境系统耦合发展分析

基于区域经济与生态环境系统的发展速度,选取24个评价指标,利用耦合度模型并结合剪刀差分析评价辽宁省1996-2011年经济系统与生态环境系统的耦合发展,分析耦合度发展趋势及系统发展速度的差异性.结果表明:经济发展速度呈“U”型,而生态环境系统呈倒“U”型,二者耦合度发展呈“U”型,先后经历了发达型—协调发展型—发达型—过度发展型几个不同耦合度阶段,1996-2002年经济与生态环境系统发展耦合程度较高,2003-2011年发展趋势逐渐远离和谐;剪刀差显示经济系统与生态环境系统速度差异发展过程呈“U”型,2001年差异度最小,2002-2011年差异度值逐年加大,经济与生态环境系统发展速度有显著差异性,二者的发展速度并不协调同步.     

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究进展

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究是国际人地系统研究的前沿和热点领域,对于如何协调中国城镇化与生态环境的关系问题也具有重要的参考价值。本文紧扣城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究主题,在对国际研究进行梳理的基础上,集中从城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系理论、方法以及关键应用领域三个方面,对城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究国际前沿与进展进行评述。分析发现,国际上近远程耦合概念提出时间不长,其理论的完备性与系统性尚显薄弱,对实证研究统领性指导还略显不足。而从其他研究视角出发,国际上对互为远端的人地系统间关联现象进行了大量研究,实证内容充足,内涵丰富。展望未来,关注城市群地区城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系、挖掘城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合主导路径与动态演变特征、加强中国城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合理论研究,是推动中国城镇化与生态环境耦合研究迈向新的发展阶段的重要方向。     

中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合的关联分析

以定性与定量分析相结合的方法建立了耦合系统的评价指标体系,运用灰色关联分析法构建出区域城市化与生态环境交互作用的关联度模型和耦合度模型,定量揭示出中国省区城市化与生态环境系统耦合的主要因素,并从时空角度分析了区域耦合度的空间分布及演变规律。研究结果表明：(1) 城市化与生态环境系统要素之间的耦合是复杂的,总体上表现在城市化对生态环境的胁迫作用和生态环境对城市化的约束作用两个方面。通过关联度计算遴选出作用于生态环境的16项城市化指标和影响城市化的10项生态环境指标,它们较为全面反映出系统交互耦合的机理;(2) 中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合度分布基本符合东、中西空间分异的规律。根据耦合度大小并结合区域城市化与经济发展阶段,大致将全国省区划分为协调、磨合、拮抗和低水平耦合等4种类型,其中以拮抗类型为主;(3) 中国城市化与生态环境耦合度的时序变动表现出明显的阶段性和波动性。     

宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调关系

城市化与生态环境之间存在着复杂的交互耦合关系。本文以宁夏5个地级市的社会、经济、环境等数据为基础,构建城市化与生态环境的耦合协调度模型,并比较5个地级市在2001-2013年的城市化与生态环境耦合协调度的动态变化。结果表明：（1）城市化和生态环境两个子系统中贡献份额最大的指标分别为经济城市化和生态压力;城市化综合水平和生态环境综合水平均呈现稳定上升趋势;（2）不同城市的耦合协调模式有着不同的演化特征,银川总体处于转型发展的基本协调-生态环境滞后阶段,石嘴山处于基本协调-城市化滞后向基本协调转变阶段,吴忠、固原和中卫总体处于基本不协调向转型发展的基本协调-城市化滞后转变阶段;（3）相比于京津冀等发达地区,宁夏的城市化与生态环境耦合协调水平较为落后。宁夏需把握机遇,深入推进沿黄城镇带建设和宁南区域中心城市与大县城建设,促进全区城市化与生态环境之间的协调发展。     

青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响关系分析

科学评估青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响的总体状况,对优化城镇化速度和质量,修复和提升生态环境状态具有重要意义。在梳理青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响研究进展基础上,本文尝试构建一套完整的城镇化与生态环境交互影响分析模型体系,实现从综合评价指数分析、耦合协调度量化、耦合类型识别、解耦路径探索到未来趋势预测的全过程解析。以青藏高原及其省域、地级单元多尺度分析对比为手段,尝试厘清尺度之间的差异性,识别出问题区域,并提出针对性的改进措施。研究发现,青藏高原不同尺度间城镇化综合评价指数呈阶段性上升趋势,青海的整体城镇化指数高于西藏;生态环境指数变化趋势不同,青海呈下降态势,西藏则趋向平稳,各地级单元生态环境指数存在分层现象。青藏高原不同尺度城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,协调类型由失调衰退类向濒临失调衰退类转变,最后转为勉强协调发展类,基本属于城镇化滞后型。城镇化指数与生态环境指数呈现出强脱钩、弱脱钩交互出现的波动态势,说明不同尺度间存在城镇化与生态环境的负相互作用,消极城镇化现象突出。通过预测,青藏高原各地级单元在未来10年内,系统耦合协调度将稳步上升,但各地增长速度将存在显著差距。     

The dynamic coupling model and its application of urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor

This paper, taking Hexi Corridor as an example, analyzes the alternating intimidation and the dynamic evolving relation between urbanization and eco-environment in arid area of West China. We argue that the harmonious development system of the urbanization and eco-environment would go through four phases: rudimentary symbiotic phase, harmonious developmental phase, utmost increasing phase and spiral type rising phase. Throughout the four phases, the elements of the system would influence each other, coerce each other, and complete the spiral type rising process from low-grade symbiosis to high-grade harmony together. The study on Hexi Corridor shows that the urbanization level in Hexi Corridor has increased gradually from 1985 to 2003 accompanied with the fluctuations of eco-environment state. The response of eco-environment to urbanization has been evident, but lagged behind the urbanization course. At present, the harmonious development system in Hexi Corridor was in its harmonious developmental phase. However, the coupling degree has increased quickly and approached 90 yet, which is signaling that the system is about to enter the utmost increasing phase, and the ecological crisis will enter the latent period. We have found that the coupling degree can well reflect the interactive coercing and dynamic evolving situation between urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor. From the temporal change of the coupling degree, it can be concluded that urbanization sometimes needs to pay a certain cost for the damage of the eco-environment in its initial stages, but as the urbanization continues, the state of the eco-environment would be meliorated.     

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on single-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on “one-to-one” dual- element coupling effects, with little on “many-to-many” multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, “one-to-many” and “many-to-many” element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element, -scale, -scenario, -module and -agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.     

城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应研究的国际进展与总体评价（英文）

Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on sin-gle-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on "one-to-one" dual- element coupling effects, with little on "many-to-many" multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, "one-to-many" and "many-to-many" element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element,-scale,-scenario,-module and-agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.     

河西走廊城市化与生态环境的动态耦合模型及应用

1 Introduction Since the 21stcentury,the urbanization tide has sweptacross the whole China.However,the urbanization in W est China, especially in Hexi Corridor, is severely restricted by eco-environment.There are various kinds of contradictions and intim …     

城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟理论及方法的研究进展

城镇化与生态环境耦合是当前研究热点,而其动态模拟将是未来的重要方向。基于系统科学与跨尺度耦合理论揭示城镇化与生态环境耦合系统的本质,即一个非线性的、具有高低阶多重反馈的开放的复杂巨系统。通过综述城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟的理论、方法与应用的研究进展,可知：① 动态模拟成为趋势,相关理论与机理解析不断完善;② 动态模拟技术趋向多元化、精细化、智能化和集成化;③ 应用研究基于多类型案例区、多要素以及近远程与跨区域3个方面。当前研究不足包括：① 理论发展与整合不足;② 方法集成与数据共享力度滞后;③ 耦合关系链条和主控要素的动态特征未被完整揭示,远程耦合模拟缺乏定量表达、系统性整合以及与区域联动层面的应用衔接。今后,应以理论为根基,推动多科学交叉融合;以方法为支撑,推动动态模拟技术整合与数据共享;以应用为导向,揭示城市群等重点地区的近远程关系链条与主控要素的动态演化模式,为区域可持续城镇化提供决策支持。     

A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations

Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.     

长江三角洲城市化效率与经济发展水平的耦合关系

本文利用DEA模型、层次分析法和耦合度模型分析了1980-2010 年长江三角洲16 个地级市的城市化效率、经济发展水平, 以及城市化效率与经济发展水平的耦合度, 并对其耦合关系进行了理论初探, 提出了概念模型。结果表明:① 30 年间, 长三角城市化效率与经济发展水平的耦合度总体经历了缓慢上升—急剧上升—缓慢下降—急剧下降的过程, 呈倒“U”型发展;② 不同发展阶段的经济发展水平和城市化效率耦合关系不同, 在一定时期, 提高城市化效率可以提升区域经济发展水平, 区域经济水平的发展也可提高城市化效率;但当城市化效率和经济发展达到一定的水平时, 城市化效率的提高不再成为提升区域经济发展水平的重要因素, 而区域经济发展水平的提升也不会过多地影响城市化效率;③ 城市化效率与经济发展水平存在动态耦合关系, 经济发展水平较高的城市会首先摆脱城市化效率带来的促进作用。