西部大开发中的农业气象服务思考

阐述了西部大开发中的贵州农业大开农业气象服务的需求特点,提出了加快提高贵州农业气象服务水平的建议。     

西部大开发与贵州农业气象

在西部大开发中 ,贵州省委省政府提出 :当前和今后一个时期要把加快以交通建设为重点的基础设施建设作为开发的基础 ,把坚持生态环境保护建设作为开发的根本和切入点 ,把调整经济结构、发展特色经济作为开发的关键等 ,都会涉及到气象部门的许多领域 ,需要气象部门及时、有效、深入、广泛的服务。随着西部大开发的启动和深入 ,会给气象部门包括农业气象带来新的历史发展机遇 ,农业气象工作人员也将面临新的挑战。1　贵州省农业气象的进展和成就自 1 988年农业气象中心成立以来 ,日常业务服务工作一直运转良好。在农业气象监测、产量预报和决…     

自媒体时代基于手机App(应用)的农业气象服务探索

从农业气象服务的需求和自媒体时代的特点出发,介绍了气象类的手机App(应用)以及农业气象服务的现状,指出目前针对农业用户群的特殊需求的气象App稀少。以广东省气候中心开发的农气服务系统App为例,讨论了基于手机App的农业气象服务可能的模式,介绍了安卓版的农业气象服务App开发的服务器端配置、应用开发情况、数据获取技术,使读者初步了解农业气象手机App的开发方法和功能。     

农业气象测报业务电子记事簿的设计

根据目前农业气象测报业务的特点,数据库,研制了农业气象业务电子记事簿。事簿也适用于一般性事务管理。采用VB．NET开发环境,结合Access介绍了数据库结构,模块功能等。记     

聚焦长江大保护,推进江汉平原沿江湿地生态保护气象服务

万里长江,险在荆江。长江荆江段九曲回环,流域内河网密布、湖泊纵横,孕育出了典型的江汉平原沿江湿地生态环境。洪湖,是我国第七大淡水湖,湖北省第一大湖,“国际重要湿地”;天鹅洲麋鹿、白鳍豚国家级自然保护区,守护着两种国家一级保护动物;此外,“稻虾共生”、“双水双绿”、生态立体农业等湿地生态绿色农业发展模式均缘起江汉平原。江汉平原沿江丰富的湿地资源在发展农业、调节气候、涵养水源、净化水质、美化环境、维持生物多样性等方面发挥了极为重要作用,然而,随着气候变化和人类活动的影响,沿江湿地生态环境破坏与退化风险也突显出来,直接威胁长江流域生态安全,因此,迫切需要加强沿江湿地生态保护修复气象服务工作,助力长江大保护。荆州市气象局依托荆州农业气象试验站,长期关注湿地生态保护与湿地农业发展气象服务,近年来,通过开放合作、融合发展,与中国农业科学院、北京大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、中科院测量与地球物理研究所等单位联合开展湿地生态与农业气象服务关键技术研究,重点围绕气候变化对湿地生态与农业影响评估、生态功能修复气象评价、平湖湿地涝渍地开发、农业面源污染气象风险监测预报、稻田综合种养模式气象保障、湿地生态环境遥感监测评估、湿地生物多样性保护气象服务等方面进行了有益探索,取得了丰富的实践成果,发挥了气象职能作用。本期的主题为长江生态气象,主要汇总了荆州市气象局牵头成立的“江汉平原生态气象遥感监测技术协调创新中心”各成员单位在湿地生态与农业气象服务等方面最新研究成果,既有区域代表性,又可作为长江中下游地区乃至全国湿地生态保护气象服务工作的参考,服务“共抓长江大保护,不搞大开发,实现高质量发展”的战略部署。     

农业气象预测预报软件系统

农业气象预测预报（农业产量年景，气候资源，气象与病虫害等），是气象为农业服务的重要手段之一。如果把农业气象服务的全部工作或农业气候资源开发与利用等作为一个大系统来考虑的话，那么农业气象预报可看成是其中一个重要的子系统。该子系统程序技巧复杂，设计难度大。因此，其内在质量的优与劣，往往关系到整个系统总体的开发水平。本文给出一个通用型的农业气象预报系统外壳，它既可以作为一个相对独立的系统自己开工运行，也可以连接在任何一个大型系统之下，执行主控发出的指令。     

大力提升气象为“三农”服务的能力和水平

近年来,浙江省积极开展农业农村气象工作,在农村气象灾害防御、农业气候资源开发、农业气象科技成果利用等方面,取得了明显成效。但当前气象为农服务工作还不能很好地满足农业现代化建设和广大农民群众的需求,存在农村气象灾害监测能力偏弱、农业气象服务针对性不强、农业气候资源开发利用率偏低、农村公共气象服务不够到位等问题。我们要站在统筹城乡发展、夯实农业农村发展基础和保障安全的高度,充分认识气象服务"三农"工作的     

河南省农业气象服务平台的设计与实现

为适应日益增长的农业气象产品服务需求,构建了河南省农业气象服务平台。河南省农业气象服务平台采用省、市、县三级产品共享机制,采用统一产品格式、统一管理接口等方式对农业气象服务产品统一管理和网络共享。平台基于Internet运行,选择Meteo GIS作为地图服务,使用Flex技术和JSP语言进行开发。为了灵活适应不同地区的服务产品格式和服务需求,平台设计了产品自动转换程序,将不同的产品类型转换为统一的格式;开发了各区域展示页面和产品类型可以定制的功能。通过分级用户管理,实现全省农业气象服务产品的展示、气象资料的地图查询分析、特色农业、预警信息及农事建议的发布、专家在线指导、数据管理及用户管理等功能。河南省农业气象服务平台已通过验收并投入业务运行。业务运行结果表明,采用省、市、县三级共享机制的农业气象服务平台,实现了全省农业气象服务产品的分级管理和分级共享,扩大了农业气象服务的覆盖面,提高了农业气象服务的工作效率。     

阳谷县农业气象服务平台介绍

针对阳谷县现代农业气象服务需求,依托阳谷县气象局官方网站,基于气象观测和农业气象服务业务,利用MySQL数据库,通过J2EE开发平台和MVC框架,研发了“阳谷县农业气象服务平台”。该平台可实现中短期天气预报、农业气象观测资料、农业气象服务产品等信息的实时发布,同时具有气象科普和政策法规宣传,以及需求信息反馈等功能。     

新书架

正《综合农业气象灾害风险评估与区划研究》王春乙张继权张京红等著该书概述了农业气象灾害风险评估的研究进展、主要内容和方法,及其未来发展趋势;系统地介绍了我国东北地区春玉米、东北地区冬小麦、长江中下游地区早稻和一季稻以及海南橡胶的农业气象灾害风险识别技术和时空分布特点,农业气象灾害风险评估指标体系和模型以及农业气象灾害风险区划技术方法。可为农业结构调整、防灾减灾提供理论依据,对于提高农业气象灾害风险管理水平、保障粮食安全有十分重要的意义。该书可供从事农业、气象、经济林等科研、业务和生产的工作人员阅读,也可以供相关专业师生参考。     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据，论述云天演变，对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

对百色工业立市气象信息服务的探讨

就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface

An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s^-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress.     

黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系

OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。     

The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The Troposphere And Stratosphere

Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century.     

On The Influence Of The Eulerian Velocity PDF Closure On The Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature.