一体化微信气象为农服务平台设计

一体化微信气象为农服务平台基于微信公众服务号"江西微农"进行二次开发,集天气预报、气象灾害预警、天气雷达、卫星云图等天气服务,病虫情报、农事指南、农业政策、农技推广等农业服务以及灾情互动、农情反馈、提问咨询等互动交流功能为一体,为用户提供了功能齐全、信息丰富、专业权威的气象、农业一体化综合服务。服务平台开发包括了"江西微农"后台管理系统,可以为省、市、县各部门管理员进行用户管理、消息推送、产品维护以及与用户交流提供方便易用的管理工具,显著减少业务维护工作量,实现省、市、县一体化管理,保障各项服务高效稳定运行。     

基于Web-GIS的市县级农业气象业务服务系统研究

加强市县级农业气象业务信息化与自动化建设,可有效提升直通式农业气象服务水平。本文面向基层气象为农服务需求,依托省级农业气象业务服务平台,构建基于Web-GIS市县级农业气象业务服务系统。系统首先应用ArcSDE技术,将省级农业气象业务服务平台输出的农业气象监测、灾害诊断和利弊影响分析等数据产品,转换为空间数据库;采用ArcGIS Server for Flex API开发技术,在浏览器端实现对农业气象数据产品的空间分析。通过拓展省级农业气象周年服务方案、农业气象指标库及农业气象灾害防御对策等知识库,构建农业气象知识库在线维护与服务平台。并基于Internet平台,为县级气象为农服务人员,提供基础数据统计分析及省、市、县三级农业气象业务服务产品共享等功能。系统基于B/S结构,便于推广应用,可为基层直通式农业气象服务提供重要技术支撑。     

综合信息服务平台在内蒙古气象业务中的应用

构建气象业务信息服务平台,形成内蒙古气象行业内部统一的数据共享服务平台,是内蒙古自治区气象信息化建设的重要任务之一。文章首先描述了平台总体设计、软件配置项架构设计以及功能模块设计;然后对大用户并发访问、数据可视化、大数据应用等关键技术作了阐述;最后,基于上述关键技术对内蒙古气象业务综合信息服务平台进行了实现。目前,该平台已投入运行,效果良好,有效支撑了自治区、盟市、旗县三级用户的业务工作。     

江西省城市环境气象指数预报及其业务系统

根据江西省的气候特点与经济发展水平,结合中国气象局环境气象业务服务系统"十五"建设工作指导方案,对全省环境气象指数预报的工作流程、指数分级、预报用语和运行方式进行了规范与调整,设计了省、市、县3级配套的环境气象指数预报服务系统.     

交通气象自定义地图服务聚合技术

利用华东各省交通气象信息数据,对共享产品的内容和格式进行了定义和约束,并基于GeoServer和Tomcat平台,运用Java Servlet构建了交通气象专用的地图服务,使得用户可以根据需求自由组合由系统提供的地图资源,从而满足用户需求的地图服务聚合应用。通过对交通气象产品拼图算法、核心GIS处理、XML解析等功能模块的研究与实现,最终完成了基于GIS的交通气象信息共享业务系统。该系统满足了交通气象的业务需求,为交通气象监测、分析、预报服务产品共享提供了技术支持。     

共享市县气象信息服务系统平台的设计与实现

分析了气象公众服务、决策服务和远程服务信息的制作、发布、管理等一系列流程 ,结合网络技术提出了较规范的市、县气象信息服务平台的结构和系统整体设计思想 ,给出了一个完整的基于 Web的市、县共享气象服务平台 ,为气象信息资源的整合与有效共享提供了技术解决方案     

基于公有云的雅安市公共气象服务平台的设计与实现

针对雅安市公众、决策和专业气象服务需求,利用现有气象服务产品和气象资料大数据,基于公有云服务,使用JavaEE+MYSQL技术,构建了雅安市公共气象服务平台。为了灵活满足不同用户的气象服务需求,平台设计并开发了用户展示页面和产品个性化定制的功能。服务平台已通过验收并投入业务运行,结果表明,该平台运行高效、资源利用率高、界面简洁美观、操作方便易用,具有较强的实用性和操作性,扩大了气象信息的社会覆盖面,提高了公共气象服务能力。     

基于WebGIS的农业气象业务平台的设计与实现

农业气象业务平台的建设对于保障农业由传统农业向高产、优质、高效、生态、安全和可持续发展的现代农业加快转变具有积极意义。以浙江全省地面气象观测网数据为基础,结合精细网格化气象要素预报产品、农业气象诊断指标、作物分布信息,研发了以气象指数为主的14类农业气象灾害监测预警指标、6类作物农用天气预报指标和水稻等作物生长发育动态诊断模型;基于B/S结构和ASP.NET开发平台,遵循SOA架构原则,采用C#、Java等计算机语言研制了基于WebGIS的浙江省省、市、县三级应用的农业气象业务平台。该平台集成了气象学、统计学、农学等研究领域的算法和模型进行跨领域数据分析,具备强大的定量及定性分析功能,平台操作简便、功能灵活,且支持自主构建评价体系,目前已经在浙江省省、市、县三级气象部门推广应用。     

山东省智慧气象为农服务业务系统的设计与实现

为适应现代农业气象服务需求,满足乡村振兴战略下的新型农业经营主体对气象服务的新需求,实现气象精准为农服务,通过对新型农业经营主体气象服务需求分析,融入现代移动互联网、云计算、大数据分析等技术,开发了山东省智慧气象为农服务业务系统。该系统依托Web API、HTML5、LBS、数据加密同步等技术,开发了精准农业气象服务接口API、智慧精准农业气象服务平台、“锄禾问天”APP智慧为农服务客户端,解决了与用户的双向互动难题,实现了集用户需求信息采集、气象服务指标用户自我订正、气象服务产品加工、智慧服务产品制作、服务产品智能推送等功能。该业务系统实现了省市县三级气象部门一体化智慧为农服务,在山东省全面推广应用,提升了为农气象服务水平。     

短时临近天气预警集约化业务系统研究

为实现短时临近预警业务集约化智能化运行和管理,采用B/S结构模式及Web GIS技术开发了省、市、县三级一体化的短时临近天气预警集约化业务系统。该系统集天气监控、预报预警产品制作、服务分发和业务管理为一体,具有业务整体性强、集约化程度高、有一定智能化功能等特点。系统开发集成的主要关键技术包括突发天气短时临近预报概念模型的建立,预警产品的制作与订正,强对流天气区的自动识别和追踪技术等。目前该系统已投入业务运行,成为广西区、市、县三级短临监测、预报一体化平台,实现了各级台站之间气象信息的快速交流共享,达到上下级台站短时天气快速联防互动的效果,预警产品制作比旧的业务系统效率更高效,流程更规范,生成的产品内容更标准,上下级业务互动更快速。该系统推进了气象业务的集约化、智能化运行及维护,服务器布置于省局,客户端以网页方式推送、展示,用户通过浏览器就能完成天气监测及预报预警产品制作到发布的所有流程。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.