Petroleum exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin

The Tamtsag Basin is located in the extreme eastern portion of the Mongolia. The Basin and its counterpart in China (the Hailar Basin) are united a whole basin on the structural setting. In recent years, the Tamtsag Basin attracts more and more attention with the important exploration discovered in the 19th block by SOCO and in Hailar Basin of China. This paper discusses the exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin from the viewpoint of petroleum geology.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

海拉尔盆地碎屑岩地层断裂带内部结构及断层封闭性

根据盆地演化规律及断层穿层性,将海拉尔盆地断裂分为盆地基底断裂和盖层断裂;根据活动时期和变形特征,分为早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展)中期张扭断裂系统、中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统和早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统.结合海拉尔盆地岩心和野外观察,建立3种断裂带内部结构模式:致密储层中断层角砾岩结构、泥质岩盖层中泥岩涂抹结构和泥质岩盖层内断层泥结构.与油气垂向运移有关的断裂系统包括早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统(正反转断层)、早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统(反转再活动正断层)和中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统.该研究成果可以为海拉尔盆地断层封闭性评价提供指导.     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏形成研究现状与展望

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点.在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,...     

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites in Hailar Basin,NE China

Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites of the Shangkuli Formation in the Hailar Basin of NE China exhibit geochemical characteristics of high silicon, alkali, Fe/Mg, Ga/Al, Zr, Pb, HFSEs, and REE contents but low Ca, Ba, Sr and Eu, which meet the criteria of typical reduced A-type granite.The A-type rhyolites are most probably derived from magmatic underplating and partial melting of quartz-feldspathic lower crust, with the lithospheric mantle material involved, due to the extensional deformation of the Erguna-Hulun Fault.Although the A-type rhyolites show A1-type trace elements characteristics, they were formed in a post-orogenic extension-al background together with the coeval widespread bimodal volcanic rocks, metamorphic core complexes, vol-canic fault basins and metallogenic province in the Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.This extension event was related to the collapse of thickened region of the continental crust after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

ADVANCES IN STUDIES ON GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN CHINA

Based on recent year's advances in geothermal resources studies and explorations in China, this paper reviews the basic distributive characteristics of hot springs in the uplifted area and geothermal water in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, suggests that two hydrothermal activity concentrated zones (South Tibet Autonomous Region - West Sichuan Province - West Yunnan Province and coastalarea of Southeast China), one large basin(North China Basin) and two smaller basins(Weihe Basin and Leiqiong Basin) are major areas of study and exploration of geothermal resources in China continent, considers that geothermal resources in China have certain potential of exploitation and should be used, but the scale of exploitation seems to be limited, they cannot occupy an important position in energy supply and can only be regarded as a supplementary energy source.     

Soda lakes and origin of their trona deposits on the Nei Mongol Plateau of China

The Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Plateau is one of the most important salt lake areas in China. Its trona deposits are well known in the world. The soda lakes spread mainly over the northern part of the Ordos Basin, the central part of the Eren Basin, the southeastern part of the Hailar Basin and the Badain Jaran Desert are generally several to several dozen square kilometers, and surrounded by sand dunes. The salinity of soda lake brines is 200–350 g/l, the pH values, 9.09–10.67. The brines mainly consist of Na(K), Cl, SO₄, CO₃, and HCO₃ of the Na(-CO₃-SO₄-Cl) type. Trona deposits in soda lakes on the plateau always occur in “bull’s eye pattern” and are usually in two layers of natron, mirabilite, halite and trona interbedded with black mud containing much illite clay and some gayllussite, dolomite and calcite. Commonly, the soda lakes on the plateau were formed on the depressions from the beginning of early Holocene, but the trona deposits were mainly precipitated under the low temperature in Mid-Holocene (as proved by our freezing experiments and sporo-pollen analysis).     

东海盆地西湖凹陷深部储层“相-岩-温”三元分级评价原则与效果

西湖凹陷是东海盆地最有油气潜力、最有勘探难度的沉积盆地，储层类型多样且致密化严重是目前制约资源评价的重点难题之一。现有的储层评价标准并没有充分考虑到多样性储层并存的特征，对于储层的评价依然依托的是常规储层评价标准，并没有系统开展过多类型储层的分类、分级评价。在充分讨论西湖凹陷储层控制因素的基础上，遴选出储层发育的主要控制要素，建立了"微相-成岩-温度"三要素联控下的储层三元分级方案，并在此基础上，对主要目的段储层开展了分级评价，认为花港组储层以低渗特低渗储层为主，占总储层的35%以上，是未来主要的勘探类型。平湖组以常规和低渗储层为主。研究成果为后期资源量分级评价奠定了基础，也为国内外同类型盆地储层评价提供了借鉴。      

火山碎屑岩储层特征及敏感性——以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷为例

为了研究火山碎屑岩的储层特征及储层敏感性机理,以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组)南屯组火山碎屑岩为对象,运用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜等技术,结合储层敏感性实验资料,根据《储层敏感性流动实验评价方法》(SY/T5358-2002),分析火山碎屑岩储层特征及其水敏、盐敏、速敏、碱敏、酸敏的特征和形成机理.结果表明:岩石类型包括凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂(砾)岩,主要敏感性黏土矿物有蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊/蒙混层,属于中低孔特低渗型储层;水敏性强弱与岩石类型关系密切,凝灰质砂(砾)岩水敏为中等偏强)强,凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩水敏为中等偏弱)中等偏强;盐敏程度绝大多数为中等偏强,临界盐度为5.126g/L;速敏为中等偏弱)弱速敏;碱敏为中等偏弱)中等偏强碱敏,临界碱度为7.43;酸敏程度范围较广;水敏程度与黏土矿物总量呈正相关;酸敏程度主要受绿泥石含量影响,酸敏指数与绿泥石含量呈正相关.该研究可为火山碎屑岩油气勘探提供借鉴.     

Accumulation and exploration of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments of northern South China Sea

The large deep-sea area from the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin to the eastern Dongsha Islands,within the continental margin of northern South China Sea,is a frontier of natural gas hydrate exploration in China.Multiform of deep-sea sedimentations have been occurred since late Miocene,and sediment waves as a potential quality reservoir of natural gas hydrate is an most important style of them.Based on abundant available data of seismic,gravity sampling and drilling core,we analyzed the characteristics of seismic reflection and sedimentation of sediment waves and the occurrence of natural gas hydrate hosted in it,and discussed the control factors on natural gas hydrate accumulation.The former findings revealed the deep sea of the northern South China Sea have superior geological conditions on natural gas hydrate accumulation.Therefore,it will be of great significance in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration with the study on the relationship between deep-sea sedimentation and natural gas hydrate accumulation.     

陆相页岩气的泥页岩评价——以延长下寺湾区上三叠统延长组长7段为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地的延长下寺湾区中生界延长组长7段陆相泥页岩为研究对象,在样品实验数据分析和单井岩心观察的基础上,根据泥页岩的发育与分布特点和有机地球化学特征对陆相页岩气的泥页岩进行评价.结果表明:延长下寺湾区延长组长7段泥页岩主要为浅湖—深湖相沉积,泥页岩累计厚度适宜,有机质类型以Ⅱ1为主,有机质丰度较高,具备页岩气生成的物质基础,有机质演化主要处于成熟阶段.分析美国海相产气页岩与中国陆相产气页岩的综合特征,长7段泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数大于25%,有利于储层的后期改造.相对美国储层物性较好的页岩,根据现场解析法测得的长7段泥页岩含气量较高(平均为4.5m3/t),埋深适中,分布稳定,具有勘探潜力和开发前景.     

湖相泥岩型铀矿有利成矿条件分析

近年来,在中国的二连盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地先后发现了湖相暗色泥岩中出现铀元素的异常富集且达到工业品位。为了进一步研究和开发湖相泥岩型铀矿,通过对国外黑色页岩型铀矿和湖相泥岩型铀矿研究成果的总结与分析,并结合目前对中国二连盆地努和廷铀矿、鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组烃源岩铀富集已进行的初步勘查工作,认为湖相泥岩型铀矿成矿的有利条件包括:①充足且持久的铀源;②高含量的吸附剂与还原剂,吸附剂主要包括有机质和磷酸盐,还原剂主要为有机质和以黄铁矿为代表的硫化物;③低沉积速率和持续时间较长的缺氧环境;④氧化还原环境的突变,氧化还原边界的位置会直接影响铀成矿的位置;⑤有利的古地理条件,包括相对稳定的持续隆起的正地形和干旱、半干旱与潮湿周期性交替的气候。      

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

Characters of fluid inclusions in quartz veins in pyroclastic rock of Budate Group, Hailar Basin

It was adopted that the fluorescence microscope, Gas-Flow Heating/Freezing System, Laser-Raman Spectroscopy, etc. are the multimedia techniques for analysing fluid inclusions of quartz veins in Budate Group, Hailar Basin.The results show that fluid inclusions in quartz veins are small (1 ～5 μm) monophase, two-phase (liquid+vapour)aqueous inclusions; the two-phase aqueous inclusions homogeniese to the liquid phase between 120 ～ 180℃, two Laser-Raman Spectroscopy show that both gas phase are enriched in CH4 (94.50% ～99.25% ) and C6H6 (0.75% ～2.70%), under these conditions, inclusions may have come from juvenile fliud followingly the quartz veins formation.While the quartz veins exhibiting different striking luminescence has been proved by cathodoluminescence, it would be belong to secondary hydrocarbon inclusions. The oil inclusions of this stage represent mainly the large scale of oil accumulation, located within the quartz microfracture.     

中国东部典型裂谷盆地构造活动特征及演化: 以松辽盆地孤店断陷为例

孤店断陷为松辽盆地南部深层天然气勘探的有利区带,同时也记录了中国东部中-新生代板块运动和盆地演化的丰富信息。利用钻测井资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,并结合区域构造背景,对孤店断陷的地质结构及构造演化特征进行分析。结果表明孤店断陷在纵向上可以划分为基底构造层、下构造层、中构造层及上构造层。由于受到晚中生代以来太平洋板块向东亚板块的俯冲作用及区域构造应力场的影响,孤店断陷的构造演化过程可以划分为断陷期、断坳转换期、稳定坳陷期及构造反转期。孤店断陷的边界大断层(孤店断层)在断陷初始发育期(火石岭组-沙河子沉积期)表现为6段走向各不相同的小型孤立断层,在断陷晚期(营城组沉积期)经过生长、连接而形成统一的断陷边界,并在断坳转换期(登娄库组-泉头组沉积期)和坳陷期(青山口组-嫩江组沉积期)发生广泛而强烈的张扭活动,以及在构造反转期(嫩江组沉积末期)发生强烈反转和分段差异逆冲活动。研究结果可以为松辽盆地以及中国东部地区的构造活动及演化研究提供参考,并进一步指导油气勘探。      

四川盆地及周缘地区加里东运动幕次研究现状综述

四川盆地位于上扬子北缘,前人研究表明加里东运动对四川盆地岩相古地理格局和油气分布具有重要控制作用,但已有的研究成果之间存在较大分歧。通过系统梳理和对比前人在华南板块上形成的构造认识,首先将华南板块上发生的加里东运动分为3幕:郁南运动、都匀运动和广西运动,并对华南加里东运动的构造演化进行了详细的描述;通过对比分析,归纳了加里东运动在四川盆地周缘与内部的同步响应特征;最后根据川中地区地层的剥蚀情况以及沉积环境,进一步明确了川中古隆起的构造演化,认为川中古隆起发育于兴凯地裂运动,后受到加里东期3幕运动的改造变形,最终在二叠纪前定型为大型鼻状古隆起。在此期间,川中古隆起形成了多个不整合面,发育了多套有利储层,其研究成果可以为下一步的勘探部署提供参考。      

珠江口盆地白云东区古近纪挤压-伸展变形模式及勘探意义

珠江口盆地白云东区是白云凹陷2个有利成藏区之一,目前勘探正面临转向古近系深层的阶段,急需重新认识深层洼陷结构构造。为了解决珠江口盆地白云东区古近系深层缓坡带砂岩变少,与伸展型半地堑储层发育模式矛盾的问题,利用改善深层成像的重处理三维深度域地震资料及钻井数据进行综合解释,开展了白云东区古近系及基底之下滑脱面全三维构造解析。研究结果表明:按动力学机制对盆地演化阶段进行了重新划分, 构造层序由一个被动裂陷旋回,修改为被动裂陷-主动裂陷-被动裂陷3个旋回;构造幕由3分细化为6个幕次,即由断陷幕-断坳转换幕-坳陷幕细化为裂陷两幕-褶皱两幕-裂陷萎缩幕-漂移幕,细分方案更好地反映了地层变形规律。地层变形方式表现为基底呈东西向挤压构造,盖层为南北向伸展构造。伸展构造发育过程中,主动裂陷旋回参与的基底盖层脱耦变形的新模式协调了白云东区古近纪构造-沉积响应,补充了主动裂陷阶段盆地充填富泥旋回的认识,挤压-伸展同步变形模式丰富了南海盆地空间演化模式,支持了白云凹陷深层新领域的勘探。      

琼东南盆地北部中生代凹陷特征及油气成藏条件初探

琼东南盆地的中生代凹陷群是扩大油气勘探发现的远景区。为了实现琼东南盆地中生界的勘探突破,急需落实中生代凹陷的油气成藏条件和有利勘探领域。基于地球物理、地球化学、钻井资料及古生物资料,首次对琼东南盆地中生代凹陷开展了深入系统的分析研究。研究表明,在琼东南盆地北部崖北凹陷、崖城凸起、崖南低凸起和西南部陵南低凸起及南部隆起均存在中生代沉积地层。根据盆地构造演化分析,中生代沉积形成于燕山期太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲期以及其后的弧后伸展期,存在烃源岩、储层及圈闭等油气地质基本条件。琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区相比盆地其他地区中生代沉积凹陷规模大,因此本研究重点对琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区进行了系统的油气地质综合分析研究,落实了崖城-崖北地区中生界沉积地层分布,并初步评价预测了有利油气勘探区带及重点目标。研究表明,琼东南盆地崖城-崖北地区中生代凹陷发育湖相烃源岩、三角洲等储集体以及构造与地层圈闭,存在西洼南坡带和中部隆起带2个有利油气勘探区带。在这些区带加大勘探,有望获得中生界油气突破。      

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