海(咸)水入侵与浅层地下水水化学特征及变化研究

利用山东莱州湾沿岸海水入侵监测剖面的水化学监测数据,从水化学指标与Ｃｌ＾－含量的关系入手,采用不同侵染程度组段钭所选定的水化学指标对Ｃｌ＾－含量作回归分析的方法,对海水入侵过程中浅层一上水水化学特征变化作了研究。研究表明,多数水化学指标及几项灌溉水质指标与侵染程度有较明显的宏观相关性,但不是简单的线性关系,两个剖面分析数据的对比揭示出莱州湾东部与南部沿岸海水入侵的区域差异性。     

长江与黄河沉积物金属元素地球化学特征及其比较

研究了长江干流和黄河干流沉积物中金属元素（Ｌｉ,Ｎａ,Ｋ,Ｃａ,Ｂａ,Ｔｉ,Ｖ,Ｃｒ,Ｍｎ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ,Ａｌ等共１６种）＿总量与形态特征。     

运用数理统计和模糊数学评价秦皇岛洋戴河平原的海水入侵程度

运用数理统计方法获取秦皇岛洋戴河平原地下潜水和海水的水化学统计特征,据此优选出4项海水入侵评判指标,建立各评判指标的背景值及指标等级体系,并将模糊数学综合评价法和地理信息系统结合起来评价研究区潜水含水层的海水入侵程度。研究结果表明:氯离子Cl-、电导率EC、溶解总固体TDS和潜在盐度是指示本区潜水含水层海水入侵程度的最佳指标,其判别海水入侵发生的下限值分别为250 mg/L、1 250μs/cm、700mg/L和8.5 meq/L;洋戴河平原潜水含水层的海水入侵程度总体上为中等水平,洋、戴河间浦河一带的潜水含水层海水入侵程度最为强烈。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯托尼斯半岛化学风化作用的初步研究

在低温环境下，拉斯曼丘陵斯托尼斯半岛表生环境具有微弱的化学风化作用。富集系数、富集分异系数等指标的分析表明，化学元素存在不同程度的富集、迁移。其中Ｃａ的迁移能力最强，Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｋ、Ｎａ等元素也均有较强的迁移能力，在不同粒级中各元素表现出不同的集散特征。风化壳硅铝率平均为５．７９，属弱风化类型，相对于母岩，风化壳中ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３均有一定淋失。化学风化作用具有由南向北增强趋势；剖面中具有中下层风化程度略高于表层的趋势。     

三元体系RECl_3（RE＝La，Pr，Sm）－HOAc－H_2O（30℃）的

本文测定了三元系ＲＥＣｌ３（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｓｍ）－ＨＯＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃）的平衡态的溶度数据并绘制了相应的溶度图．在三个体系中分别形成ＬａＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ，ＰｒＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳｍＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ三种物质．ＨＯＡｃ对ＬｓＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ，ＰｒＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳｍＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ盐析作用程度的不同，表明了轻稀土元素的“一分组效应”，同时依据ＨＯＡｃ对ＬａＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ，ＰｒＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳｍＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ有盐折作用这一结论，提出了一种制备ＬａＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ，ＰｒＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳｍＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ的新方法．     

酸性溶液中电位法测定理离子

本文在醋酸镁介质中，盐酸溶液形成缓冲溶液后，采用Ｌｉ＋离子选择性膜电极研究了ｐＨ值、ＭｇＣｌ２、ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ对电极响应的影响，得到良好的效果．本法可应用于含ＭＳＣｌ２、ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ的盐酸水溶液体系中锂离子浓度的测定．     

太平洋西部、南大洋及东南极陆缘大气气溶胶来源及其物理化学特征

１９９１年１２月～１９９２年１月，在中国第八次南极考察途中，用分级撞击式采样器采集了１３个气溶胶样品，用ＰＩＸＥ法分析了样品中的Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃｌ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｒ、Ｐｂ等１７种元素，并应用富集因子分析、相关分析和主因子分析，研究了气溶胶粒子中的元素组成、浓度粒度分布、气溶胶的地球化学类型、主要来源及其贡献。结果表明：研究区气溶胶中元素的来源、组成、浓度粒度分布具有明显的地理规律性；气溶胶的来源，如海洋气溶胶除主要来源于海水、受所在洋区及其周围环境的影响外，还受全球性和局地性大气环流的控制，如近岸大气明显受陆源（地壳源和人为源）传输的影响；该年内发生的菲律宾皮纳图博火山和智利哈得逊火山爆发，以及海湾地区的战争等突发事件，对研究区大气也产生了影响。     

三元体系RECl3（RE=Dy,Yb）—HOAc—H2O（30℃）的研究

测定了三元体系ＲＥＣｌ３（ＲＥ＝Ｄｙ，Ｙｂ）－ＨＯＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃）的平衡态的溶度数据并绘制了相应的溶度图。在两个体系中分别得到了ＤｙＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ两种固相。依据ＨＯＡｃ和ＤｙＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ有盐析作用这一结论得到了一种制备ＤｙＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ的ＨＣｌ－ＨＯＡｃ法。同时， 在分析测定酸的重百分浓度时，利用“差减法”得到了Ｈ的准     

MgCl_2─KCl─H_2O体系相图的测定及其应用

测定了三元体系ＭｇＣｌ２─ＫＣｌ─Ｈ２Ｏ在２８℃与３０℃下的溶解曲线，并在此基础上结合文献中该体系一些温度下的溶解度曲线，对从盐卤提取的ＫＣｌ·ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ复盐中ＫＣｌ的分离，提出一个简便可行的方法。     

深部CaCl2型卤水对察尔汗盐湖钾盐沉积的影响

根据 Ｈａｒｄｉｅ 关于缺 Ｍｇ Ｓ Ｏ４ 型钾盐沉积的 Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ 型地热卤水成因理论,以及 Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ 型卤水的分类原则,依据现有的卤水分析数据, 阐述了在察尔汗盐湖及其周边地区, Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ 型卤水的水化学特征和分布特征, 着重讨论了 Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ 型卤水在察尔汗盐湖钾镁盐沉积过程中的作用。     

基于熵权的属性识别模型在海水入侵现状评价中的应用

针对海水入侵现状评价中单指标(Cl^-或矿化度)评价方法的片面性和不确定性等问题,本文将熵值理论和属性识别模型相结合,建立了熵权属性识别模型,并将其应用于滨海地区海水入侵现状评价中。以潍北平原8 个海水入侵实测点为应用实例进行研究。结果表明,潍北平原大部分地区海水入侵属于轻度侵染,水质为微咸水,东部地区(6、8 号点位)在5 月份海水入侵属于较严重侵染,但在11 月份侵染程度减缓,可能的原因是气候因素(降水增加、海平面上升)以及人为因素(地下水抽水量减少)等共同影响的结果。同时,5 月及11 月各个测点海水入侵侵染排序略有差异,但是差异较小。通过实例证明,该方法通俗易懂,计算方法简洁明了,便于掌握和应用,为海水入侵现状评价提供了一种可行有效的方法。     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics:seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics: seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Seawater intrusion is a special process of groundwater pollution. The contemporary seawater intrusion and buried paleobrine intrusion especially the latter in eastern and southern coasts of Laizhou Bay are the most representative ones in the world [1]. According to the research on seawater intrusion at home and abroad, In-depth studies on change process and mechanism of hydrochemical composition, while ion adsorption and exchange between the permeable stratum and groundwater are studied shall…     

特殊环境胁迫下河流健康评价——以海水入侵影响的黄海岸沿海诸河为例

针对特殊环境胁迫下河流健康评价的不足,本文依据生态中心与人类中心相结合、整体论、运动论等哲学观点,建立4级模式、参数权重法、百分制计算的评价体系。第2级评价参数为流域环境胁迫程度、河流状况、防治环境胁迫潜力三部分。以海水入侵影响的黄海岸沿海诸河为例,评价结果为72分,准确反映了该河流的健康状况、危害程度和防治潜力,同时高权重参数为保护河流提供决策依据。     

莱洲湾南岸咸水入侵区晚更新世以来的古环境演变

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the palaeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size composition based on ^14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP： 120-85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85-76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76-50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50-24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24-10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10-4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85-76 kaBP, 50-24 kaBP and 10-4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respectively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.     

Environmental evolution in the salt-water intru-sion area south of Laizhou Bay since late Pleisto-cene

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the pa-laeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size com-position based on 14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP: 120–85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85–76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76–50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50–24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24–10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10–4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85–76 kaBP, 50–24 kaBP and 10–4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respec-tively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.     

莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区晚更新世以来的古环境演变

莱州湾南岸是我国典型的咸水入侵区,古环境变化构成了现代咸水入侵发生的背景。本文通过对潍河下游地区A1、A5孔岩芯系统的孢粉、有孔虫、粒度、¹⁴C及热释光测年资料的分析,结合100余个钻孔的沉积特征,论述了莱州湾南岸地区晚更新世以来的古环境演化特征。本区经历了三次明显的冷暖气候波动,三次显著的暖湿期为85～76kaBP、50～24kaBP、10～4kaBP,为海陆过渡相沉积环境,这三个时期分别与晚更新以来的三次海侵相对应,与相邻区域相比,全新世海侵开始早、结束晚;两次冷干期为76～50kaBP、24～10kaBP,分别对应于早大理冰期、晚大理冰期,为陆相沉积环境。     

Groundwater Assessment at Manukan Island,Sabah: Multidisplinary Approaches

A rapid increase in the number of tourists has placed a heavy demand for freshwater on Manukan Island, a small island located offcoast of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Hydrochemical and numerical approaches have been applied in this study to evaluate the groundwater quality of unconfined aquifer lying in Manukan Island, Sabah, East Malaysia. This is vital to enhance better understanding about groundwater management. Hydrochemical analysis output indicated NaCl water type in sampling locations. Seawater intrusion is marked by its relatively high Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations. Hydrochemical analysis output clearly showed the influence of seawater in groundwater of Manukan Island. The numerical model output proved the influence of seawater in groundwater of Manukan Island by indicating the upconing process at the beneath of the pumping well. Current status of seawater intrusion in Manukan Island is about 14.6% of freshwater and seawater mixing ratio in low lying area of Manukan Island as simulated by SEAWAT-2000 model output. Numerical model SEAWAT-2000 output showed clearly that the upconing process is the possible route of seawater to influence the fresh groundwater aquifer chemistry in Manukan Island. The results have enhanced the current understanding of seawater intrusion in the study area. Future studies will focus on using numerical models to simulate and suggest suitable groundwater management plans in Manukan Island.