岩石力学联锁咬合岩块结构稳定性分析

首次建立了岩石力学中的多种联锁咬合岩块结构模型,介绍了块体理论的进展,并采用改进的DDA（块体不连续变形分析）法对块体进行了稳定性分析。     

World Stress Map Database as a Resource for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Knowledge of the in situ stress state is of key importance for rock engineering. We inform the reader about the World Stress Map (WSM) database and its application to rock mechanics and rock engineering purpose, and in particular the orientation of maximum horizontal stress. We discuss the WSM and the quality ranking system of stress orientation data. We show one example of discrete-measured and computed-smoothed stress orientations from central and northern Europe with respect to relative plate velocity trajectories. We give first insights into ongoing development of a second, more Quantitative World Stress Map database which compiles globally rock-type specific stress magnitudes versus depth. We discuss the vertical stress component, and the lateral stress coefficient versus depth for different rock types. We display stress magnitudes in 2D and 3D stress space, and investigate stress ratios in relation to depth, lithology and tectonic faulting regime.     

基于岩体结构特征的高速远程滑坡致灾范围评价

高速远程滑坡的演化机制与运动过程受控于岩体结构.以重庆市武隆县鸡尾山滑坡为例,采用地面激光扫描技术,获取岩体结构面几何信息,基于离散元数值模拟方法,考虑岩体结构特征,分析高速远程滑坡演化过程及其致灾范围.研究结果表明:(1) 岩体结构特征由岩体内部发育的结构面所决定,针对点云数据开展空间几何计算与聚类分析,可以快速精细地获取岩体结构面产状信息,从而进行岩体结构面识别与组别划分;(2) 将岩体结构特征评价结果导入离散元模型中,能够实现高速远程滑坡致灾范围的快速评价目的,并且取得了与实际滑动距离较为吻合的结果.      

1986 Values for Fifteen GSJ Rock Reference Samples, "Igneous Rock Series"

During the five-year period (April 1981 - March 1986), a series of fifteen rock reference samples, "Igneous rock series", has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Based on the data available (published and communicated), consensus values for major, minor and trace elements have been derived; these values are presented for this second series of samples as well as for the first series of two samples, Granodiorite JG-1 and Basalt JB-1.     

深部岩盐取心钻探技术

利用水井钻机钻探,开展岩盐深孔取心,采用合理钻孔结构和优化钻具组合,并配以适宜的饱和盐水钻井液和取心钻探工艺,成功地实施了连续岩盐取心,收到了良好的效果。结合濮阳岩盐普查项目,介绍了深部岩盐取心钻探技术。     

岩矿玉板画及其工艺研究开发新途径

岩矿玉板画是以天然岩石板材为原料的一种新型石质艺术绘画品,但目前尚存在色调较单一,颜色对比度过强,从而使其对不同绘画艺术风格的适应性较差。其克服办法是先将画面设计图稿输入电脑,由电脑指令机械系统进行纵、横向雕刻,后进行着色充填-打磨抛光;再选择画面中色调较复杂或需要有大量过渡色的地方进行多次隔行套刻-着色充填-打磨抛光,直至获得满意效果。     

Quantitative Parameters for Rock Joint Surface Roughness

Summary The morphologies of two artificial granite joints (sanded and hammered surfaces), one artificial regularly undulated joint and one natural schist joint, were studied. The sanded and hammered granite joints underwent 5 cycles of direct shear under 3 normal stress levels ranging between 0.3–4 MPa. The regularly undulated joint underwent 10 cycles of shear under 6 normal stress levels ranging between 0.5–5 MPa and the natural schist replicas underwent a monotonous shear under 5 normal stress levels ranging between 0.4–2.4 MPa. In order to characterize the morphology of the sheared joints, a laser sensor profilometer was used to perform surface data measurements prior to and after each shear test. Rather than describing the morphology of the joints from the single profiles, our characterization is based on a simultaneous analysis of all the surface profiles. Roughness was viewed as a combination of a primary roughness and a secondary roughness. The surface angularity was quantified by defining its three-dimensional mean angle, θ_s, and the parameter Z2_s. The surface anisotropy and the secondary roughness were respectively quantified by the degree of apparent anisotropy, k _a, and the surface relative roughness coefficient, R _s. The surface sinuosity was quantified by the surface tortuosity coefficient, T _s.  Comparison between the means of the classical linear parameters and those proposed shows that linear parameters underestimate the morphological characteristics of the joint surfaces. As a result, the proposed bi-dimensional and tri-dimensional parameters better describe the evolution of the joints initial roughness during the course of shearing.     

沉积岩粒度分析专家系统

本文介绍了沉积岩粒度分析专家系统的构成和其知识库、信息库（包括数据库）、扩展表格条件、文本文件等，推理机及知识获取部分的特性。该系统建立在ＩＢＭ及其兼容微机上，模仿专家解答问题的方式，采用良好的人机交互界面，对沉积岩粒度分析结果进行综合分析。经该专家系统咨询后，用户能得出沉积岩的名称、沉积环境和沉积相。     

Study on Three-dimensional Visualization for Rock Structure

The visualization of rock structure is a very useful and important technique in many aspects in geological and geotechnical engineering such as investigating and evaluating the stability of a high rock slope. The conventional method used to visualize rock structure is limited to plotting the orientation of individual discontinuities by using the Schmidt stereographic net. The present paper shows a new technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses. The fitting function for three-dimensional rock structure was established based on data gathered from field survey. Two fitting methods by which the discontinuous points gathered from a plane and discrete points from field survey were fitted respectively are suggested. The technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses includes many aspects such as projection transformation, blanking and mutual cutting, are investigated. Based on the visualizing technique, the rock structure at the site of Xilupdu dam which is being built in Southwest of China was investigated.     

判别碳酸盐岩是烃源岩还是储集岩的指标

<正> 在实际勘探中,碳酸盐岩既可作为烃源岩,也可作为储集岩存在。确定碳酸盐岩中含有的烃类是原生的,还是从它处运移而来的,这在勘探实践中有着指导意义。为此目的,许怀先等用岩石热解分析方法做了大量研究工作。结果表明岩石中原油的热蒸发烃高峰温度和干酪根热解烃高峰温度具有显著差异:干酪根热解产烃高峰温度 T_(max)为400～600℃;原油热蒸发烃最高峰温度 T_(max)为300～400℃。由此可以区分原油的热蒸发烃和干酪根的热解烃,并进一步判定当最高热解峰温 T_(max)>400℃时,该岩石为烃源岩,而当T_(max)<400℃时,则为储集岩。对干酪根热解的进一步研究表明,不同成熟度的干酪根在不同的热降解温度范围内的产烃量是不同的。低成熟度的干酪根在450～600℃范围内所产生的烃占热解烃的5%     

岩体结构对岩石爆破效果的影响

分析了爆破冲击波的传播特点，指出了对岩石破坏最大的是拉伸应力波，并对岩体结构对岩石爆破效果的影响进行了探讨。     

嵌岩扩底灌注桩及MRR型基岩扩底钻头

简要介绍了国内外扩底技术现状、扩底灌注桩的特点、ＭＲＲ型基岩扩底钻头的结构衣技术参数，结合工程实例对ＭＲＲ１０００钻头的使用效果进行了分析。     

Ayers Rock

For years the world's most famous inselberg was plagued by the deleterious effects of human activity. Now a massive investment, stimulated by the international tourist industry, has ensured preservation of the rock's unique geomorphological features and its fragile ecology.     

Rock compressibility testing for an oil reservoir development

During production operations important changes in the rock grain pores and bulk volumes may result due to reservoir depletion. Such processes usually create equilibrium variation between the internal rock stress (pore pressure + cohesion stress) and the net stress (effective stress). A compressibility device was assembled for the present research to perform testing on the total number of cores exceeding 140 (1×1.5 in) in size. The specimens were prepared from an actual oil field in order to fulfill the test requirement. The testing procedure adopted is not drastically different from the pioneering work of Dobrynin Fatt, and Geertsma.Formerly at the University of Baghdad Engineering College, Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Irag     

Efficient Probabilistic Algorithm Illustrated for a Rock Slope

Summary  A new spreadsheet-based algorithm for the first-order reliability method (FORM) is illustrated for a two-dimensional rock slope of Hong Kong. The new algorithm combines inverse distribution functions and a refined Newton method with the automatic constrained-optimization search of the design point in the original space of the random variables; it obviates the need for computations of equivalent normal means and equivalent normal standard deviations. In the rock slope analysis, the versatile 4-parameter beta distribution is used in lieu of a truncated normal distribution. Probabilities of failure inferred from reliability indices are compared with those from Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of parametric correlations on the required reinforcing force for a target reliability index value are studied. The intuitive perspective of an expanding equivalent dispersion ellipsoid in the original space of the basic random variables is also described as it is the basis from which the new approach evolved. Author’s address: Dr. Bak Kong Low, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1 #1b-40, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore     

断裂岩岩石磁学研究进展

断裂岩的岩石磁学研究可以揭示地震断裂作用的物理和化学环境,对于探讨地震断裂作用机制具有重要作用。本文在断裂岩岩石磁学最新文献的基础上,结合笔者及所在研究团队在龙门山断裂带获得的研究成果,综述了断裂岩的岩石磁学研究进展。大量研究发现断层泥和假玄武玻璃通常具有磁化率值或剩磁强度异常特征。顺磁性矿物在摩擦热或流体作用下形成新的铁磁性矿物是断层泥和假玄武玻璃高磁化率值或高剩磁强度的主要原因;地震断裂摩擦熔融作用中形成的单质铁是假玄武玻璃中高磁化率值或高剩磁强度异常的另一个重要原因。蠕滑断裂和出露于浅地表的断裂带中可见一些具有低磁化率值异常的断层泥,原因可能是流体作用或断裂带未经历高温摩擦热。断裂岩的岩石磁学研究为地震断裂带的应力应变、形成温度、摩擦热效应、流体作用、形成深度和氧化还原特征等提供了重要信息,可用于分析地震断裂的孕震和发震环境。综合岩石磁学测试和微米至纳米尺度的超显微学研究,并辅助地震断裂岩的摩擦实验、高温热模拟实验等研究可以更好地获得断裂岩的岩石磁学信息。