基于重、磁、电法的多宝山矿集区隐伏斑岩体识别与深部找矿实践

斑岩体的存在是斑岩型铜矿重要的特征，查明隐伏斑岩体对于斑岩铜矿找矿预测有着重要的意义。文章以多宝山矿集区的岩石标本物性特征为基础，对重力、磁法、广域电磁法资料进行了处理和分析，根据矿化蚀变中心一般位于斑岩体顶部和矿化蚀变具有电阻率显著降低的特征，从已知到未知，对多宝山铜矿、铜山铜矿和争光金矿的隐伏花岗闪长斑岩体进行了识别，进而推断出矿体位置。根据电性异常特征推测：多宝山铜矿可以扩大外围找矿部署，铜山铜矿矿体有往下延伸的趋势，隐伏斑岩体南侧可能存在大型矿体；争光金矿深部可能存在斑岩型铜矿。多宝山铜矿、铜山铜矿、争光金矿同属斑岩型铜矿系统，多宝山矿集区具“上金下铜”的成矿特征。钻孔揭示了铜山矿区隐伏斑岩体南侧矿体的存在，新增资源量达到大型矿床规模。证实了方法的有效性，同时也显示出矿集区矿产资源潜力巨大。     

黑龙江多宝山矿田争光金矿床类型、U-Pb年代学及古火山机构

争光金矿床(伴生锌)位于我国东北地区黑龙江省多宝山Cu-Au-Mo成矿带南东端,构造上处于古亚洲成矿构造域和滨太平洋成矿构造域的叠加部位。该金矿距北西向的多宝山铜金矿和铜山铜矿分别约为10km和5km,因此,深入研究其成矿时代、成因类型归属,理清与多宝山铜金矿-铜山铜矿的关系具有重要科学价值。争光金矿赋矿围岩为奥陶系多宝山组安山质火山岩地层,发育爆发相、溢流相、火山碎屑流相、火山沉积相等,且爆发相和喷溢相交替出现,具有喷发时期熔岩溢流与火山碎屑物的喷发交替进行或具多旋回火山活动的特征;根据火山集块岩、火山角砾岩、火山碎屑岩的空间展布及岩相变化特征,推测矿区内发育有古火山机构。受后期北西向构造影响,火山岩地层具北西向弱定向变形特征。含金脉系呈脉状、网脉状沿北西向、北东向及南北向构造产出;矿石矿物以黄铁矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿为主,金以裂隙金、粒间金和包裹金的形式赋存于上述硫化物中,部分赋存在石英中。综合脉系特征、矿物组合、蚀变类型、闪锌矿Fe含量等,本文明确提出该矿床为中硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。对矿区内发育的成矿后闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩及长石斑岩等脉岩的锆石U-Pb测年结果初步厘定争光金矿金成矿作用早于454Ma。综合判断争光金矿与多宝山含金斑岩铜矿、铜山铜矿同形成于480~454Ma受古亚洲洋俯冲作用控制的岛弧背景,构成完整的斑岩Cu-Au与中硫化型浅成低温热液Au成矿系统。     

黑龙江嫩江三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带地质特征与成矿规律

三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带为东北地区重要的金属矿集区,发育有三矿沟矽卡岩铜铁矿床、多宝山斑岩铜钼矿床、争光浅成低温金矿床等典型矿床。基于已获得的研究成果,结合前人的资料,重点解剖多宝山、三矿沟和争光3个典型矿床的地质特征,发现3个矿床的成矿类型和地质特征大不相同,成矿时代（加里东期、燕山早期和燕山中期）各异。综合地质研究表明,多宝山矿床形成于岩浆弧背景,三矿沟矿床为弧后伸展背景的产物,争光矿床形成于碰撞后陆壳伸展背景。     

黑龙江嫩江三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带地质特征与成矿规律

三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带为东北地区重要的金属矿集区,发育有三矿沟矽卡岩铜铁矿床、多宝山斑岩铜钼矿床、争光浅成低温金矿床等典型矿床。基于已获得的研究成果,结合前人的资料,重点解剖多宝山、三矿沟和争光3个典型矿床的地质特征,发现3个矿床的成矿类型和地质特征大不相同,成矿时代(加里东期、燕山早期和燕山中期)各异。综合地质研究表明,多宝山矿床形成于岩浆弧背景,三矿沟矿床为弧后伸展背景的产物,争光矿床形成于碰撞后陆壳伸展背景。     

黑龙江黑河争光金矿异常结构模式研究

黑龙江多宝山矿田争光金矿位于中亚-蒙古斑岩铜矿带东部,近年来在该矿田内发现了多处铜钼、金矿床,显示区内良好的找矿前景。本文对该金矿床钻孔岩石剖面及地表岩石剖面测量的地球化学数据进行系统研究,分析了元素富集贫化的特征及规律,并总结出争光金矿的异常结构模式。研究发现,试验区内Na_2O、Ba、Sr形成的负异常突出而明显,是本区的找矿标志;在这些负异常的基础上,再着重考虑矿化剂元素S、主成矿元素Au及其伴生元素Ag、Cd等元素的异常。利用这样的异常结构模式,提出了争光矿区下一步找矿方向,并为相同类型矿床的勘探提供参考。     

黑龙江永新金矿地质特征及成因

黑龙江永新金矿床的发现是多宝山矿集区外围地质找矿取得的一项新成果.矿床赋存在早白垩世火山盆地与古生代糜棱岩带接触地带的一个浅成相和潜火山岩相小侵入体及岩脉密集分布地段.潜火山相的潜英安岩、潜流纹岩等形成于成矿前或成矿期,受蚀变矿化;浅成相的花岗斑岩、闪长玢岩等形成于成矿后,破坏矿体.金矿体及矿化主要赋存在隐蔽爆破作用形成的蚀变角砾岩体中,其次赋存在蚀变角砾岩体外侧的糜棱岩类围岩中.该矿床的发现显示在黑龙江省西部的古生代糜棱岩带中存在与早白垩世火山作用有关的潜火山热液型金矿,也表明黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜矿老矿区的外围仍具有找矿潜力.     

黑龙江多宝山矿集区成矿规律与找矿方向

多宝山斑岩铜矿位于黑龙江省嫩江县境内,为我国北方重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一.在包括多宝山矿床在内的矿集区范围内资源丰富,有斑岩型铜(钼)矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜矿床以及热液型金矿床.在系统收集分析前人资料的基础上,查明矿集区成矿规律与找矿方向,认为复活了的基底构造对铜元素的迁移、富集和贫化起着重要的控制作用.矿集区北西段为矽卡岩...     

黑龙江嫩江-黑河地区铜金多金属找矿新进展及勘查方向

嫩江-黑河地区多宝山岛弧多宝山矿集区新发现了晚三叠世二道坎大型银矿床,铜山矿床深部取得重大找矿突破;科洛-新开岭构造杂岩带新发现晚三叠世孟德河金矿床,三合屯金矿区外围深部也发现了金矿化;塔溪岩浆弧新发现了早白垩世宝泉小型铜矿床.这些矿床与区域圈定的化探异常较吻合,成矿规律较明显.依据新发现的铜金矿成果,总结了嫩江-黑河地区近年来取得的新近展,指出了下一步找矿方向和今后勘查工作部署建议,为即将实施的战略找矿行动勘查部署提供参考依据.     

黑龙江争光金矿床方铅矿黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄及地质意义

争光金矿床位于兴安地块东缘黑龙江省多宝山铜钼-金矿集区南东端,矿体产于早奥陶世闪长岩与下奥陶统多宝山组地层接触带及多宝山组中,为大型金矿.因缺乏精确的成矿年代学研究,其成矿时代一直存在争议.本文在争光金矿床地质背景和岩石矿物学研究的基础上,对矿区内12件矿石样品中共生矿物方铅矿和黄铁矿进行Rb-Sr同位素年代学研究.结...     

Geology and mineralization of the Duobaoshan supergiant porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (2.36 Mt) in Heilongjiang Province,China: A review

The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit) ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33^rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world. It has proven resources of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) of 2.28×10⁶ t, 80×10³ t, 73 t, and 1046 t, respectively. The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows. It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian, North China, and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation. The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries. The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form. With silicified porphyries at the center, the alteration zones of K-feldspar, biotite, sericite, and propylite occur from inside to outside. This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies (including 14 major ore bodies) in four mineralized zones. Ore body No. X in the No. 3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves, accounting for more than 78% of the total reserves of the deposit. Major ore components include Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, Se, and Ga, which have an average content of 0.46%, 0.015%, 0.16 g/t, 1.22 g/t, 0.0003%, and 0.001%–0.003%, respectively. The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and molybdenite, followed by magnetite, hematite, rutile, gelenite, and sphalerite. The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage. The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages. The ore-forming fluids of stage I had a hydrochemical type of H₂O-CO₂-NaCl, an ore-forming temperature of 375–650°C, and ore-forming pressure of 110–160 MPa. The ore-forming fluids of stage II had a hydrochemical type of H₂O-CO₂-NaCl, an ore-forming temperature of 310–350°C, and ore-forming pressure of 58–80 MPa. The ore-forming fluids of stage III had a hydrochemical type of NaCl-H₂O, an ore-forming temperature of 210–290°C, and ore-forming pressure of 5–12 MPa. The Cu-Au-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stages I and II, with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source. The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician. Then, due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean, a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed. In other words, it is a porphyry - epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Genesis of the Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China: Constraints from geology,geochronology and S-Pb isotopic compositions

The Zhengguang gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field, hosted in volcanic rocks of the Middle Ordovician Duobaoshan Formation, is one of the largest gold deposits in the Northeastern Great Xing’an Range of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The deposit comprises the No. I, II and III ore zones with a total resource exceeding 35 tonnes of Au, 100,000 tonnes of Zn and 100 tonnes of Ag. A genetic relationship between gold mineralization and concealed tonalite porphyry is inferred based on the characteristics of cryptoexplosive breccia and hydrothermal alteration indicative of porphyry-type and epithermal mineralization. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals that the tonalite porphyry was emplaced at 462.1 ± 1.8 Ma (Middle Ordovician). The δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of sulfide minerals range from −3.0‰ to −1.7‰ with an average of −2.33‰, indicating that sulfur was mainly derived from a magmatic source. The Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ranging from 17.572 to 17.629, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.424 to 15.486, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.206 to 37.418) suggest a major mantle component for Pb and, by inference, for other ore metals. Therefore, we suggest that the ore-forming elements in the Zhengguang gold deposit may be related to the mantle-sourced tonalite porphyry. On the basis of the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study, we conclude that the Zhengguang gold deposit was formed in a porphyry to epithermal transitional environment associated with the concealed tonalite porphyry, as part of the Duobaoshan porphyry-epithermal ore system that is related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Ordovician.     

Mineralization time and tectonic setting of the Zhengguang Au deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Zhengguang deposit, a representative large gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field in NE China, is located in the northeast of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Ore body emplacement was structurally controlled and occurs mainly at the contact zone between the strata of Duobaoshan Formation and an Ordovician diorite stock. The diorite rocks have a close genetic relationship with Au mineralization. Re–Os isotope dating of Au-bearing pyrite yields an isochron age of 506 ± 44 Ma (MSWD = 15). Based on present and previous dating results, it can be concluded that the Zhengguang deposit formed at ~480 Ma. The mineralization time of the Zhengguang deposit is nearly identical to those of the Duobaoshan and Tongshan deposits, indicating they are all derived from the same metallogenic system. The Duobaoshan-style porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization may exist at deeper levels at Zhengguang. The geochemical characteristics of the Zhengguang dioritic rocks presented in this paper are similar to those of bajaitic high-Mg andesite, and the magmas originated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by melts from a subducting oceanic slab at an active continental margin setting. The Ordovician magmatic–metallogenic events in the Duobaoshan ore field were caused by the westward subduction of an oceanic slab located between the Xing’an and Songliao blocks. It is worth pointing out that the Zhengguang deposit is the oldest known Phanerozoic Au deposit in NE China. Further studies of this deposit will improve understanding of the regularity of ore formation and aid mineralization forecast across the Duobaoshan region.     

黑龙江多宝山—黑河地区铜多金属矿综合信息定量预测

多宝山—黑河地区位于大兴安岭成矿省北东段,区内已探明的金、铜等20多个矿种的资源储量居黑龙江首位,其中斑岩型铜矿为区内重点勘查资源,其赋存于侵入铜山组砂砾岩和多宝山组安山岩的花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩中,蚀变明显,主要受地层和北东、北西向断裂控制。充分收集并总结前人的研究成果,对研究区的区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、成矿类型、控矿要素、物化遥异常等信息进行综合,建立多宝山式铜矿找矿预测模型。基于该预测模型,采用证据权法分析并圈定8个斑岩型铜矿成矿远景区,可作为研究区进一步勘探找矿工作的重点。     

河南熊耳山地区铜矿找矿前景分析

以壳体成矿学理论为指导,据地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等资料,对河南熊耳山地穹铜矿找矿前景进行成矿学分析.该地穹东段、西段为铜矿成矿的有利地区.东段铜矿以和金矿共生为主,西段铜矿则以独立矿床为主,金银为伴生元素,为铜矿成矿最有利的地区.其中寨凹地区在大地构造背景、控矿构造、成矿母岩、成矿元素分带、蚀变特征、地球物理、地球化学和遥感信息特征等方面对形成斑岩型铜矿非常有利,为斑岩型铜矿的成矿远景区.外围的脉型铜(银)矿、银多金属矿也有较大的资源潜力.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带浅成低温热液型金锑矿床的发现及其意义--以西藏弄如日金锑矿床为例

通过化探、槽探和平硐等手段,对位于冈底斯成矿带东段的弄如日金矿床进行了评价和研究,在矿区发现金矿化带4条,圈出金矿体5个,控制2．3g／t品位以上的金资源量（333＋3341）为2．97t,确定该矿床属典型的浅成中低温热液型金矿床。矿区的金矿体赋存于破碎蚀变角岩和蚀变二长花岗斑岩中,受南北向正断裂系统的控制,矿化以金为主,伴有辉锑矿、雄黄、黄铁矿等矿物,可分为浅成低温热液和表生氧化2个成矿期,金可能以独立的自然金状态存在于脉石矿物的粒问或裂隙中。弄如日金矿床形成于伸展构造背景,在空间上居斑岩铜矿床外围,成矿时代为中新世一上新世,与冈底斯斑岩型铜钼矿床及其外围的矽卡岩型铅锌矿床的成矿时代基本一致,说明三者受统一的成矿作用制约,属斑岩岩浆一热液成矿系统中的浅成低温热液型金锑矿床。     

云南省维西县大宝山铜(银)矿床地质-矿化特征及其综合找金潜力

云南维西大宝山铜(银)多金属矿区通过近年的地质勘查,探明的铜资源量已达中型规模。在以铜、银为主的找矿过程中,发现矿体中有金矿化显示,经进一步调查证实,本区铜(银)矿体中金矿化普遍,且有一定强度。结合区域成矿地质背景及矿区的金矿勘查成果,研究认为,该区金矿找矿潜力较大,今后应重视金矿的综合勘查。     

秘鲁萨卡拉铁-铜-金矿床地质特征及成因

萨卡拉(Cercana)铁-铜-金矿床位于秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩型铜-钼矿床成矿带西缘。通过大量的野外地质调查、遥感、物探及室内工作认为,萨卡拉矿床与该地区典型斑岩型矿床存在一定的差异,且具有铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床的某些特点。分析其深部找矿潜力,指出在进行矿产勘查时应考虑从IOCG型矿床的角度出发,对其进行深入的勘查,突破目前遇到的找矿工作困境。     

航空物探综合站测量在多宝山斑岩铜矿上的应用效果

文章介绍了多宝山和铜山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床的高精度航空物探综合异常:高精度航磁为弱正异常;航空伽玛能谱测量总道、钾道、铀道为弱相对高异常,钍道为弱相对低异常, F参数有明显相对高异常;航电异常实分量为高(峰)值异常、虚分量为低(谷)值异常.根据多宝山和铜山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床产出的地质环境、岩石蚀变特点,以及实测的岩(矿)石物性参数和航空物探综合异常特征,探讨了斑岩型铜(钼)矿床引起航空物探综合异常的前提条件,并认为航空物探综合站测量是普查斑岩型铜(钼)矿的一种有效的物探方法组合.     

黑龙江多宝山铜矿床中花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年及其构造意义

在黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜矿床的花岗闪长岩中获得了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄453.2~486.9 Ma.结合野外地质接触关系,这个年龄是多宝山斑岩铜矿床的成岩成矿年龄.而以往测定的311~219 Ma成岩成矿年龄,应该是成矿期后岩浆活动所引起的热叠加事件年龄.岩石地球化学特征显示其形成于火山岛弧环境,与多宝山组火山岩形成环境一致.     

Porphyry Cu–Au–Mo–epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn–distal hydrothermal Au deposits in the Dexing area, Jiangxi province, East China—A linked ore system

Based on previous studies and detailed field investigations of the Dexing porphyry copper deposit, the Yinshan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit and the Jinshan shear zone – hosted gold deposit in the Dele Jurassic volcanic basin, in the northeastern Jiangxi province, East China, we propose that the three deposits share spatial, temporal and genetic relationships and belong to the same metallogenic system. Dexing is a typical porphyry Cu–Au–Mo deposit in which both ore-forming fluid and metals are derived from the granite porphyry. The Yinshan deposit consists of a porphyry copper ore located in the cupola of a quartz porphyry stock, in the lower part, and Ag–Pb–Zn ore veins in the upper part. The hydrothermal fluids were mainly derived from the magma in the early stages of the mineralizing event and became mixed with meteoric waters in the late stages. Its ore metals are magma-derived. Both the Jinshan base metal veins and the Hamashi, Dongjie and Naikeng quartz vein-type gold deposit are hosted by brittle–ductile structures, which are distal in relation to the porphyry intrusions and were formed by mixed magmatic fluids and meteoric water, whereas the gold was mainly leached from the country rocks (Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group phyllite and schist). The deposits show a distinct spatial arrangement from porphyry Cu, to epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn and distal Au. We suggest a porphyry–epithermal–distal vein ore system model for this group of genetically related mineral deposits. They were formed in a back-arc setting in a Middle Jurassic active continental margin, with magmas derived from the subducted slab.