线性缓变下垫面和耗散共同作用的Rossby孤立波包

本文从正压流体的准地转位涡方程出发,考虑到Rossby波随时间、空间演变的多尺度特性,采用多重尺度和摄动展开的方法推导了在线性缓变下垫面和耗散共同作用下的非线性Rossby波包演变满足推广的非线性Schdinger方程,并得到单个包络的孤立波解.通过分析包络的孤立波解,指出在耗散与下垫面共同作用下,大气中会出现双曲正割形状的Rossby孤立波包.同时得到,在切变基本流存在的情况下,地形强迫和耗散对Rossby包络孤立波的传播速度、波数和频率均有影响的结论.     

具有非线性地形的正压流体中孤立Rossby波的mKdV方程

正压流体中,采用摄动方法将准地转位涡方程推导出地形效应的mKdV方程,得到Rossby波振幅的演变满足地形效应的mKdV方程的结论,说明地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波的重要因素.     

完整Coriolis力作用下的二维非线性Rossby波

本文在正压流体中,从包含完整Coriolis参数的准地转位涡方程出发,在弱非线性长波近似下,采用多时空尺度和摄动方法,推导出大气非线性Rossby波振幅演变满足带有地形强迫的非线性Zakharov-Kuznetsov(ZK)-Burgers方程.结果分析表明:地球旋转的水平分量、β效应、地形效应和耗散都是诱导二维Rossby波产生的重要因子.     

缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波

正压流体中,从准地转位涡方程出发采用摄动方法和时空伸长变换推导了在缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波方程,得到Rossby波振幅满足带有缓变地形非齐次Benjamin-Davis-Ono(BDO)方程的结论.通过分析孤立Rossby波振幅的演变,指出了β效应、地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波产生的重要因素,说明了在缓变地形强迫效应和非线性作用相平衡的假定下,Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足非齐次BDO方程,给出在切变基本气流下缓变地形和正压流体中Rossby波的相互作用.     

真实基流中非线性Rossby波演变特征(一):数值模式设计

针对描述非线性Rossby波的正压准地转位涡方程,设计了一个隐式差分迭代格式,通过数值解与精确解对比的方法,验证了差分迭代格式的精度和稳定性.首先将正压准地转位涡方程简化为Couette流方程,对比了Couette流精确解和数值解,验证了差分格式对线性方程数值计算的精度和稳定性;然后通过构造精确解和修改原方程的方法,验...     

弱二次切变基本流下地形和β变化的Rossby孤立波

在正压流体中从包含地形的准地转位涡出发,利用行波变换和约化摄动法导出了弱二次切变基本流下β变化和地形共同作用的正压Rossby孤立波振幅满足非齐次KdV方程.并计算了非齐次KdV方程的系数,说明弱二次切变基本气流、β变化和地形对Rossby孤立波的作用.     

地形作用下的近赤道非线性Rossby波

本文首次从带有地形的赤道大气基本方程组出发,利用浅水模式近似、半地转近似、Gardner-Morikawa变换以及摂动展开法得到了具有地形效应的赤道非线性波动振幅所满足的Korteweg-de Vries方程,并且利用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法求得非线性方程对应的周期波解和孤立波解,指出地形是产生赤道Rossby孤立波的重要因素.     

近赤道完整Coriolis力作用下的非线性Rossby波

从既含有Coriolis力垂直分量又含有水平分量的位涡方程出发,采用不同的摄动方法推导了近赤道非线性Rossby波的演化方程,得到非线性Rossby波振幅演化满足非齐次Boussinesq方程或改进的Korteweg-de Vries方程.从演化方程可以看出Coriolis力水平分量对非线性Rossby波的影响,并且本文取特殊情况时包括了已有的一些结果.     

关于完整Coriolis力和地形作用下非线性Rossby波的研究

从含有完整Coriolis力的地转位涡方程出发,采用合理的赤道β平面近似,利用摄动法和时空伸长变换,推导了具有地形和耗散共同作用下的非线性Rossby波演变规律,其振幅满足非齐次Benjamin-Davis-Ono-Burgers(BDO-Burgers)方程.分析说明了地球旋转水平分量和下垫面对Rossby波演变的影响.当取特殊情况时,本文的结论可以退化为前人的结果.     

Coriolis力作用下的β效应与层结效应的Rossby孤立波

从包含完整Coriolis力的大气运动方程组出发,利用半地转近似导出了β效应、层结效应和地球旋转水平分量f_h共同作用下的非线性Rossby波满足KdV方程以及KdVmKdV方程.结果表明β效应、层结效应和地球旋转水平分量对Rossby的作用.     

完整Coriolis力作用下非线性Rossby波的精确解

从包含完整Coriolis力的Boussinesq近似的斜压大气运动方程组出发,利用半地转近似导出β效应和地球旋转水平分量f_H=2Ωcosφ共同作用下的大气非线性Rossby波动所满足的KdV方程,求得了椭圆余弦波解和孤立波解.结果分析表明,若扰动与纬度有关,Coriolis参数分量f_H将影响波动传播的频率特征,并加强水平散度对斜压Rossby波的作用;如果扰动与纬度无关,则 Coriolis 参数分量f_H的影响消失.     

Diagrammatic solutions for hydraulic head moments in 1-D and 2-D bounded domains

We present a diagrammatic method for solving stochastic 1-D and 2-D steady-state flow equations in bounded domains. The diagrammatic method results in explicit solutions for the moments of the hydraulic head. This avoids certain numerical constraints encountered in realization-based methods. The diagrammatic technique also allows for the consideration of finite domains or large fluctuations, and is not restricted by distributional assumptions. The results of the method for 1-D and 2-D finite domains are compared with those obtained through a realization-based approach. Mean and variance of head are well reproduced for all log-conductivity variances inputted, including those larger than one. The diagrammatic results also compare favorably to hydraulic head moments derived by standard analytic methods requiring a linearized form of the flow equation.     

Diagrammatic solutions for hydraulic head moments in 1-D and 2-D bounded domains

We present a diagrammatic method for solving stochastic 1-D and 2-D steady-state flow equations in bounded domains. The diagrammatic method results in explicit solutions for the moments of the hydraulic head. This avoids certain numerical constraints encountered in realization-based methods. The diagrammatic technique also allows for the consideration of finite domains or large fluctuations, and is not restricted by distributional assumptions. The results of the method for 1-D and 2-D finite domains are compared with those obtained through a realization-based approach. Mean and variance of head are well reproduced for all log-conductivity variances inputted, including those larger than one. The diagrammatic results also compare favorably to hydraulic head moments derived by standard analytic methods requiring a linearized form of the flow equation.     

正压大气模式下具有β效应与地形效应的Rossby孤立波

正压大气模式下,采用摄动方法和时空伸长变换推导了具有β效应、地形效应和耗散的mKdV-Burgers方程,得到Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足带有β效应,地形与耗散的mKdV-Burgersm方程的结论.说明β效应、地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波的重要因素.     

轴对称各向异性介质波动方程深度偏移的对称非平稳相移方法

由所建立的三维qP波相速度表示式出发，导出并解析求解各向异性介质中的频散方程，得到三维各向异性介质中的相移算子，进而将以相移算子为基础的对称非平稳相移方法推广到各向异性介质，发展了一个三维各向异性介质的深度偏移方法. 文中使用的各向异性介质的速度模型与现行的各向异性构造的速度估计方法一致，将各向同性、弱各向异性及强各向异性统一在一个模型中. 所建立的各向异性介质对称非平稳相移波场延拓算子可以同时适应速度及各向异性参数横向变化；文中给出的算例虽然是针对二维VTI介质的，但所提出的算法同样适用于三维TI介质.     

Modeling Full Seismogram Envelopes Using Radiative Transfer Theory with Born Scattering Coefficients

The equation of radiative transfer is used to model the transport of seismic energy in 2-D and 3-D acoustic random media. Monte-Carlo solutions of this equation using non-isotropic Born scattering coefficients are compared to three analytical solutions: Markov approximation, radiative transfer theory with isotropic scattering coefficients, and diffusion approximation. Additionally, we compare to finite differences solutions of the full wave equation in 2-D. We find a good correspondence of radiative transfer theory to Markov approximation for the case of multiple forward scattering. The comparison to radiative transfer theory with isotropic scattering coefficients, a model frequently used in data analysis, demonstrates that in the case of forward scattering the isotropic scattering model is not better than a diffusion approach. To compare radiative transfer theory with non-isotropic scattering coefficients to finite differences solutions of the full wave equation, the finite source duration and the bandpass filter process as well as the normalization of absolute amplitudes are explicitely taken into account. We find a good coincidence of both theories for scattering parameters, which are realistic for usual Earth crust. The theory correctly describes the unscattered direct wavefront, the envelope broadening caused by multiple forward scattering, as well as the late coda caused by multiple wide angle scattering. For strong scattering, which can be expected for very heterogeneous media such as strato volcanoes, the solutions of radiative transfer differ from the more complete solutions of the full wave equation.     

Fluid–structure interaction analysis of 3-D rectangular tanks by a variationally coupled BEM–FEM and comparison with test results

A variationally coupled BEM–FEM is developed which can be used to analyse dynamic response, including free-surface sloshing motion, of 3-D rectangular liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal ground excitation. The tank structure is modelled by the finite element method and the fluid region by the indirect boundary element method. By minimizing a single Lagrange function defined for the entire system, the governing equation with symmetric coefficient matrices is obtained. To verify the newly developed method, the analysis results are compared with the shaking-table test data of a 3-D rectangular tank model and with the solutions by the direct BEM–FEM. Analytical studies are conducted on the dynamic behaviour of 3-D rectangular tanks using the method developed. In particular, the characteristics of the sloshing response, the effect of the rigidity of adjacent walls on the dynamic response of the tanks and the orthogonal effects are investigated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.